Optimizing Reverse Osmosis Membrane Systems and Filter Designs

Reverse osmosis membranes for water purification with enhanced performance and fouling resistance. The membranes have a protective layer made from a composition containing a specific polymer material that improves salt and boron rejection while maintaining high flux. The composition includes a material with a specific chemical formula, molecular weight, optional hydrophilic polymers, and crosslinking agents.

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Reverse osmosis membrane with resistance to fouling and antimicrobial properties for water purification. The membrane has an outer antimicrobial layer covalently bonded to the polyamide layer of the membrane. A compound from the quaternary ammonium compounds family is used as the antimicrobial agent. This layer surrounds the polyamide layer to prevent fouling and microbial growth on the membrane surface.

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Composite reverse osmosis membrane with improved properties for water desalination and purification. The membranes are made by interfacial polymerization using acacia gum as an additive. The acacia gum increases pore size, hydrophilicity, and surface charge and reduces roughness compared to pure polyamide membranes. This leads to higher membrane flux and reduced fouling while maintaining salt rejection. The composite membranes show improved performance and stability in filtration tests with seawater compared to commercial membranes.

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Managing operation of reverse osmosis membrane systems for treatment to inhibit scaling without pH adjustment or scale dispersants. The method involves measuring aluminum and iron ion concentrations in the feed and concentrate streams and using those values to determine optimal operation parameters.

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A reverse osmosis membrane treatment method and system that improves water quality over multiple passes. The method involves using reverse osmosis membranes in sequence where the permeation flux per unit pressure in each subsequent membrane is lower than the previous one. This prevents water quality degradation compared to using membranes with equal or higher flux.

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A method for controlling reverse osmosis membrane systems to prevent silica scaling at low temperatures without chemicals. The method involves measuring aluminum and iron ions in the feed and concentrate and adjusting system parameters based on those levels. By maintaining the aluminum and iron concentrations below certain thresholds (e.g., 0.4 mg/L and 0.8 mg/L, respectively), scaling can be prevented without pH adjustment or scale inhibitors. This allows continuous, long-term RO operation at low temperatures without silica fouling.

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