AI-Powered Robotic Surgery

Enhancing surgical workflows using computer-assisted surgery with improved tracking techniques. The methods involve attaching flexible fiber optic shape sensing (FOSS) devices to anatomical structures or surgical instruments in a surgical environment. Reflectivity data from the FOSS devices is used to track their locations. This allows accurate tracking of anatomy and instruments inside patients, without line-of-sight or EM interference. The FOSS devices can also detect flexibility changes in instruments. This data is used to automatically control instrument behavior and prevent collisions.

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ABSTRACT Heat generation during fast charging and discharging of lithiumion batteries (LIBs) remains a significant challenge, potentially leading to overheating, reduced performance, or thermal runaway. Traditional battery management systems (BTMS), such as airbased cooling indirect liquid using cold plates, often result in high gradientsboth vertically within cells horizontally across packsespecially under highcurrent discharge rates. To address these issues, this study introduces evaluates steadystate convectionbased esteroil immersion (EOIC) technique for LIBs. Numerical simulations based on the Newman, Tiedemann, Gu Kim model, aligned with multiscale multidimensional principles, were performed both single 18650 cylindrical cell 4S2P pack. Experimental validations conducted 2C 3C rates at 25C ambient temperature. The EOIC system demonstrated temperature reduction up 13C 15C pack compared natural air convection achieved 10C gradient simulation results closely matched experimental data, maximum deviation only 2C, confirming model's reliabi... Read More

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Ultrasonic surgical instrument with a movable ultrasonic transducer assembly for inserting the ultrasonic blade into a patient. The transducer assembly is attached to a carrier that can slide along the instrument's longitudinal axis. This allows the transducer to move between a proximal position near the handle and a distal position near the blade tip. The carrier is guided along rails and driven by a screw. The distal movement extends the ultrasonic blade for insertion into the patient. The robotic system can have this instrument mounted on a robotic arm for precise positioning during surgery.

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Automated planning of bone correction using external fixation devices by generating virtual models and optimization algorithms. The method involves creating virtual models of deformed bones using images and autonomously overlaying graphical templates with landmarks. These templates are used to generate virtual fixation rings and rings can be graphically manipulated to optimize the fixation frame configuration for bone correction. The automated planning simplifies and expedites finding the optimal fixation frame setup for complex bone deformities compared to manual configuration.

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Accurately determining the position of an anatomic part of a patient's body during robot-assisted surgery to account for patient movement and compensate for IMU drift. The system uses an IMU attached to the patient's anatomy to track its position. It resets the IMU's drift periodically by detecting points in time when the patient's respiration and heartbeat are minimally moving. This provides repeatable, stationary points for resetting the IMU's reference.

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Adapting a biomechanical model of an anatomical body part to match a patient's current status during a medical intervention. The method involves determining the current step of the intervention, then acquiring data like region-of-interest, imaging, and instrument guidance to adapt the biomechanical model. This allows updating the model during the intervention based on real-time changes in the patient's anatomy.

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Automated and robotic surgical procedures using AI to transcribe, analyze, and present patient data during surgery. The system collects data from medical professionals, sensors, and imaging devices. It analyzes the data using AI models and presents the findings in a conversational interface to the surgeon. The surgeon can provide additional data which is further analyzed. This allows real-time analysis and decision making during surgery. The AI can also generate surgical plans, simulate procedures, and optimize outcomes. The goal is to prevent errors, improve outcomes, and reduce recovery time using AI-assisted surgery.

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Robotic surgical system for precise placement and guidance of tools during surgery, particularly spinal surgery. The system uses a portable robotic arm with a force-controlled end effector that holds surgical tools. The robotic arm allows intuitive, manual positioning of the tool for accurate trajectories without pre-op planning. The end effector can switch between force control (impedance) and holding modes. It calculates trajectories from images and real-time position. The robotic cart stabilizes during surgery. The system enables precise, repeatable tool placement and guidance for spinal procedures like drilling.

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Robotic system for precise instrument positioning during minimally invasive surgeries without requiring external tracking devices. The system uses real-time instrument tracking to align the robotic arm with the planned trajectory. It calculates the error between the tracked instrument position and the target, then iteratively moves the arm to close the gap. This avoids the need for external markers or registration steps since the robot aligns based on the instrument's own feedback.

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Robotic surgical system that can be fully inserted into a patient's body for minimally invasive procedures without the need for external ports. The robotic device consists of segmented arms with motors and operational components that can be assembled inside the body. It's controlled externally via a support structure that extends through an incision. This allows the robot to be completely inside the body for procedures like biopsy, dissection, and retraction without external access. The support structure provides power and communication to the robot. The system can also have sealing ports to create a closed environment inside the body.

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Robotic surgical system for spinal, neuro, and orthopedic surgeries that improves precision, reduces radiation exposure, and allows easy sterilization. The system has a robotic arm with a force/torque controlled end-effector to hold a surgical tool. A tracking detector detects tool/patient position. A processor maintains the tool on a pre-planned trajectory using real-time positions. The robotic arm automatically adjusts tool position as the vertebra moves to keep the trajectory. This allows stable, guided instrument placement without requiring manual coordination with 2D images.

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Navigation of surgical robots to prevent collisions with patient anatomy during movements. The method involves defining 3D volumes around critical anatomical elements based on registration data. The robot arm is then controlled to avoid passing through these volumes during movements. This prevents unintentional collisions with patient anatomy.

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Robotic laser surgery system that uses computer-modulated laser intensity to precisely and accurately remove tissues during surgical procedures. The system involves a surgical robot with a laser attached. Before surgery, a pre-operative plan is generated based on patient and procedure data. The plan includes initial laser settings. During surgery, imaging and sensors continuously monitor the area. The computer determines real-time adjustments based on the monitoring. The laser automatically adjusts during surgery to ensure accurate and precise removal of tissues.

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Automatically adjusting camera views in a surgical system to capture specific locations of interest during procedures. The system analyzes surgical session data to identify events and determine associated locations. It then directs the camera to automatically adjust its view to capture those locations without manual intervention. This allows quick visualization of critical areas during procedures without requiring the user to move the camera.

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Robotic catheter system for accurate and efficient targeting of hard-to-reach locations in the body like peripheral lung nodules. The system uses a robotic catheter with segments that can bend individually. A tracking device monitors the catheter tip position. The system allows tilting and offsetting the tip using separate bending operations. It estimates sampling locations based on tip position and target. A display shows the expected locations history as the tip moves. This helps avoid repeated attempts to align the tip.

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Robotic system for respiratory diagnosis and treatment that enables minimally invasive biopsy and tissue sampling of lung lesions using a robotic bronchoscope. The system has a master control apparatus for remotely operating the robotic bronchoscope, a slave robot to perform the bronchoscope actions, and navigation apparatus to guide the slave robot. The master control sends instructions to the slave robot, which operates the bronchoscope while the navigation apparatus tracks and guides the robot. This allows a doctor to remotely control the bronchoscope for biopsy and sampling while reducing risks of infection and improving safety compared to manual procedures. The navigation helps with orientation inside the bronchial tubes.

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Robotic system to accurately reduce ankle fractures by assisting surgeons during the procedure. The system uses a separate actuatable section and a passive arm that attach to the tibia and fibula respectively. A controller limits the forces and torque during reduction based on predefined max values. The system helps reduce ankle fractures by accurately aligning the distal tibiofibular joint using robotic assistance. This improves reduction accuracy compared to manual methods and reduces radiation exposure compared to fluoroscopy.

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Repositioning a computer-assisted system like a robot or telesurgical device with motion partitioning to avoid collisions and improve performance when moving between positions. The system determines the target pose and current pose, calculates the motion needed, partitions it into sub-motions for specific joints, and moves those joints to achieve the sub-motions. This allows selectively operating joints to reduce risk of collisions with obstacles, center joints for better response, etc.

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Robotic surgery system with virtual barriers to prevent accidental patient injury during surgery. The system uses virtual barriers to restrict movement of robotic arms and prevent contact with sensitive areas inside the patient's body. The barriers can be released by gestures performed by the robotic arms themselves or by user input. The gestures can be tailored to the specific surgical procedure being performed. The barriers define areas around organs or structures to protect them from accidental contact.

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In-surgery monitoring of patient-specific instrumentation positioning during surgery to improve accuracy of bone cutting. The system uses 3D cameras in the operating room to capture depth maps of the surgical scene. It determines the actual position of the target bone area and the instrumentation from the depth maps. By comparing against the planned relative positions, it calculates the appropriate instrument positioning on the bone. This allows real-time verification of the instrument placement during surgery using intraoperative depth imaging.

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