Membrane Distillation Techniques in Milk Filtration

Membrane distillation process that uses a hydrophobic membrane to separate components of a feed stream. The feed stream contains volatile organic liquids that vaporize through the membrane, while non-volatile components remain in the liquid phase. The membrane's hydrophobic surface prevents liquid contact, allowing vapor to pass through while non-volatile components remain behind. The process enables selective separation of volatile components from the feed stream, with the membrane's hydrophobic surface playing a critical role in maintaining the separation.

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Hydrophobic membranes useful in membrane distillation methods for separating volatile organic liquids like isopropyl alcohol. The membranes have low surface energy due to fluorinated groups added to a base membrane. This prevents wetting by the feed liquids but allows volatiles like alcohol vapor to pass through. The membranes are made by adding fluorinated groups to the membrane surface to reduce surface energy below 47 mN/m.

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A membrane distillation system that achieves high recovery ratios and comparable GOR to large-scale multi-effect distillation systems through a novel multi-stage membrane design. The system employs a single-stage membrane distillation configuration with a single feed channel and vapor-permeable membrane, where the feed is vaporized in the membrane gaps and condensed to produce pure water. This design eliminates the need for multiple stages, spacers, and air streams, while maintaining high recovery rates and comparable GOR to conventional distillation methods.

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A membrane distillation device that combines heating and peristaltic pumping to enhance membrane performance. The device comprises a hot-side peristaltic pump, a feed water tank, a cold-side peristaltic pump, a distilled water tank, a condensate tank, and a membrane module. The hot-side pump circulates hot water through the feed water tank, while the cold-side pump circulates distilled water through the membrane module. This dual-pumping configuration enables efficient temperature management and membrane operation, while maintaining continuous feed water flow through the membrane.

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A method for producing PVDF-HFP hydrophobic membranes for membrane distillation that enables simple, pollution-free, and cost-effective production. The method employs a composite phase separation approach, where the polymer solution undergoes controlled phase separation to form a film. This process utilizes a combination of thermally induced head separation and solution evaporation precipitation phases to create a membrane with optimized hydrophobicity, porosity, mechanical strength, thermal stability, and chemical stability.

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A novel method for producing lactose concentrate through a membrane distillation process that minimizes environmental impact while maintaining high purity. The method involves heating fat-free microfiltration of serum, followed by ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and electrodialysis steps. The concentrated electrolyte solution is then processed through membrane distillation to concentrate lactose to a 40-50% dry matter content. This membrane distillation process eliminates the need for traditional distillation methods and reduces the amount of hazardous electrolyte solutions generated during electrodialysis.

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Membrane distillation process that enables efficient separation of a liquid from vapor space by a vapor-permeable, liquid-tight or water-tight membrane wall. The process achieves this through a novel configuration where the liquid to be concentrated is at a negative pressure relative to the distillation environment, which lowers the liquid's vapor pressure compared to the distillation conditions. The membrane wall, followed by a vapor space, is then utilized to separate the liquid from the vapor. This configuration enables effective separation of the liquid from the vapor space while maintaining a pressure balance between the liquid and vapor phases.

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A membrane distillation process that achieves high separation efficiency through a novel configuration. The process employs a spiral channel arrangement with a specially designed vapor-permeable membrane, where the feed and condensate streams are in direct contact with the membrane. The spiral design creates a continuous vapor-liquid interface, enabling efficient separation of different vapor pressures through a single membrane. The process achieves high separation efficiency by utilizing the negative pressure environment to concentrate the feed stream, which then passes through the membrane to condense and separate the liquid. The spiral design also enables effective heat recovery through the integrated condensation system.

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