Microbial protein synthesis demands precise control over cellular machinery and metabolic pathways. Current industrial strains achieve protein yields of 0.3-0.5 g/L/h, but face limitations in substrate utilization efficiency, post-translational modifications, and secretion capacity. Field measurements show that even optimized strains typically convert only 30-40% of carbon sources into target proteins.

The fundamental challenge lies in balancing cellular resources between growth, protein synthesis, and metabolic maintenance while maintaining strain stability across industrial-scale fermentation conditions.

This page brings together solutions from recent research—including heterologous FKBP enzyme expression for enhanced protein folding, engineered yeast strains with modified mannosyltransferase pathways, selective mutations in GSH1 and Not4 genes, and CO2-fixing bacteria designed for continuous fermentation. These and other approaches focus on improving protein yields while maintaining product quality and process economics in commercial-scale operations.

1. Enzyme Production Method Using Glycosylamine-Derived Glucose in Microbial Cultures

Kao Corporation, KAO CORP, 2025

Producing enzymes from microorganisms through controlled glucose supplementation. The method employs glycosylamine as a feedstock to enhance enzyme production in microorganisms like Trichoderma reesei. The glycosylamine is added to the culture medium, where it is converted into glucose through enzymatic hydrolysis. This controlled glucose supply prevents catabolite repression while maintaining optimal enzyme expression levels. The glycosylamine feedstock can be precisely controlled in concentration and flow rate to achieve the desired enzyme production levels.

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2. Genetically Engineered Microorganisms with Tandem Repeat Genes for Co-Production of Proteins and Chemicals from CO2

LANZATECH INC, 2025

Genetically engineered microorganisms that can co-produce proteins and chemicals from CO2 through continuous fermentation of industrial substrates. The engineered microorganisms have tandem repeat genes in their genomes, enabling the production of complex proteins and chemicals with multiple carbon atoms. These microorganisms can be engineered to produce a wide range of products, including proteins, chemicals, biomass, and biopolymers, from CO2, CO, and H2 through continuous fermentation processes. The engineered microorganisms can be used as a platform for sustainable chemical production, protein synthesis, and biomass conversion.

3. Expression of Heterologous FKBP Enzyme in Bacillus subtilis for Enhanced Protein Folding and Secretion

KAO CORP, 2025

Method for enhancing protein production in microorganisms like Bacillus subtilis through the use of a heterologous FKBP (FK506 binding protein) enzyme. The method involves expressing the heterologous FKBP in the microorganism, particularly in a Bacillus subtilis strain lacking extracellular proteases, to improve protein secretion and yield. The heterologous FKBP is engineered to have prolyl isomerization activity, which enables efficient protein folding and secretion. The engineered microorganism is cultured under optimal conditions, and the target protein is recovered and purified. This approach enables significant productivity gains in protein production by leveraging the natural binding function of the heterologous FKBP enzyme.

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4. Genetically Engineered Yeast Strain with Enhanced Methanol Metabolism for Protein Concentrate Production

FENGYI BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTRE CO LTD, 2024

A genetically engineered yeast strain for producing high-value protein concentrates through controlled methanol fermentation. The engineered strain enables the production of protein concentrates with improved nutritional profile and yield compared to traditional Pichia pastoris strains. The engineered strain is engineered to express the necessary enzymes for methanol metabolism, and the process involves precise genetic modification to introduce the desired enzymes. The engineered yeast can be optimized through controlled mutagenesis to enhance protein production and improve fermentation efficiency.

5. Bacterial Strains with Selective Proteolytic Activity for Enhanced Plant Protein Breakdown

INT N&H DENMARK APS, 2024

Bacterial strains of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus that selectively break down plant proteins and enhance amino acid and peptide availability. These strains, when administered in food products or dietary supplements, exhibit enhanced proteolytic activity compared to their non-probiotic counterparts, resulting in improved protein digestibility and bioavailability. The strains specifically target plant proteins such as soy, pea, fava bean, chickpea, and lentil proteins, demonstrating their efficacy in improving protein utilization in both humans and animals.

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6. Engineered Yeast Cells with Selective Mannosyltransferase Pathway Underexpression for Recombinant Protein Production

CLARA FOODS CO LTD, 2024

Yeast cells engineered to produce recombinant proteins with reduced exopolysaccharide production, achieved through manipulating the mannosyltransferase pathway. The cells selectively underexpress key enzymes in this pathway, specifically beta-mannosyltransferase 1 and beta-mannosyltransferase 2, which are responsible for the production of complex polysaccharides in yeast. By reducing the expression of these enzymes, the cells can produce recombinant proteins with lower levels of exopolysaccharide impurities while maintaining high protein yields.

7. Fungal Strains with GSH1 and Not4 Gene Mutations for Enhanced Heterologous Protein Expression

Albumedix Limited, ALBUMEDIX LTD, 2024

Fungal strains engineered to significantly enhance heterologous protein expression levels through targeted genetic modifications. The engineered strains contain mutations in the GSH1 and Not4 genes, which are crucial for GSH1 activity and Not4 function in the host cell. These mutations lead to increased expression levels of the target protein, enabling higher yields and improved purification characteristics compared to the parent strain. The engineered strains can be used for commercial protein production, particularly for applications requiring high levels of heterologous protein.

8. Host Cell Expressing Fusion Protein with Glycosyl Hydrolase Catalytic Domain and GPI-Anchored Surface Domain for Non-Natural Carbon Source Utilization

CLARA FOODS CO, 2024

A host cell engineered to utilize non-natural carbon sources for recombinant protein production. The engineered cell expresses a fusion protein containing a catalytic domain of a glycosyl hydrolase and a surface-bound anchoring domain of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein. The cell's growth rate is enhanced when fed non-natural carbon sources, such as sucrose, maltose, fructose, or high-fructose corn syrup, compared to standard glucose. This cell line enables the production of recombinant proteins using these alternative carbon sources, particularly for therapeutic proteins and biopharmaceuticals.

9. Genetically Engineered Cl-Fixing Bacterium for Simultaneous Production of Tandem-Repeating Proteins and Chemicals via Gas Fermentation

LANZATECH INC, 2023

A genetically engineered microorganism for continuous production of targeted chemical products and exogenous proteins from CO2, CO, and H2 through a gas fermentation process. The engineered organism, a Cl-fixing bacterium, produces both a high-value protein (e.g., ethylene) and a chemical (e.g., ethylene) through continuous fermentation, with the gas substrate being a renewable energy source. The engineered microorganism can be engineered to produce tandem-repeating proteins and secreted chemicals, enabling the simultaneous production of both valuable products.

10. Fusarium venenatum Strain TB03 with Mutations in Polyadenylation, Transposase, and Cellulose Synthesis Genes

TIANJIN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 2023

A high-yielding strain of Fusarium venenatum, a species used to produce mycelium protein, that can produce more protein and grow faster than existing strains. The strain, named Fusarium venenatum TB03, has mutations in genes involved in polyadenylation, transposase function, and cellulose synthesis. These mutations improve protein accumulation in the mycelium. The TB03 strain provides a starting point for optimizing mycelium protein production using Fusarium venenatum.

11. Fusarium venenatum Mutant Strain with Gene Mutations for Enhanced Mycelium Protein Production

TIANJIN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 2023

High-yield Fusarium venenatum mutant strain for producing mycelium protein. The mutant strain has non-synonymous mutations in genes like zinc cluster protein, aspartic protease, ATF4 activation transcription factor, and cell differentiation protein. These mutations increase protein yield when growing Fusarium venenatum on glucose substrate. The mutant strain is deposited as Fusarium venenatum TBO1 (CGMCC 20740).

12. Gaseous Fermentation Method Utilizing Engineered Microorganisms for Conversion of Industrial Waste Streams into Organic Compounds

OAKBIO INC, 2023

Producing high-value nutritional products through gaseous fermentation of microorganisms using waste streams from industrial processes. The method involves cultivating microorganisms that can convert inorganic carbon into organic compounds through chemoautotrophic metabolism, such as CO2, CH4, and H2. These microorganisms are engineered to grow on waste substrates like CO2, CH4, and H2, and produce valuable products like proteins, vitamins, and enzymes. The process enables the production of biomass and food-grade ingredients from waste streams, with the added benefit of carbon-neutral production.

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13. Pichia Pastoris Yeast with Integrated Non-Homologous Multicopy Expression Cassettes

CLARA FOODS CO, 2022

High-yield production of recombinant proteins in Pichia pastoris yeast cells through integrated expression cassettes. The approach enables efficient expression of heterologous proteins by combining multiple expression cassettes with diverse promoters, each carrying a separate copy of the heterologous gene sequence. The integrated cassettes are integrated into the yeast genome in a non-homologous manner, allowing for higher copy numbers and improved stability compared to traditional homologous integration methods. This enables the production of high-titer recombinant proteins in large-scale fermentation cultures.

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14. Fusarium venenatum TB01 Strain for Enhanced Mycelial Protein Production with Diverse Nitrogen Sources

TIANJIN INST IND BIOTECHNOLOGY CAS, 2021

A strain of Fusarium mycelial protein-producing strain that enables high protein production through fermentation with various nitrogen sources. The strain, identified as Fusarium venenatum TB01, exhibits enhanced mycelial protein yields when grown on different nitrogen substrates, including inorganic and organic sources. This strain enables the production of mycelial protein with a protein content of over 40%, with optimal yields achieved when using sulfuric acid, urea, or organic nitrogen sources.

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15. Genetically Engineered Bacteria with Enhanced Nitrogen-Fixing Gene for Non-Legume Crop Inoculation

PIVOT BIO INC, 2020

A method to enhance nitrogen fixation in non-legume crops by genetically engineering bacteria to improve their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen. The engineered bacteria incorporate a nitrogen-fixing gene with high sequence identity to a known nitrogen-fixing gene, allowing them to fix nitrogen even in the presence of supplemental fertilizers. The engineered bacteria can be applied to crops like corn, wheat, and soybeans through seed inoculation, enabling farmers to achieve nitrogen fixation while reducing fertilizer use.

16. Co-Culture Method Utilizing Klebsiella pneumonia 1-17 with Methane-Oxidizing Bacteria for Enhanced Biomass Protein Production

OBSHCHESTVO S OGRANICHENNOY OTVETSTVENNOSTYU GIPROBIOSINTEZ, 2020

A method for increasing protein production in microbial biomass production through co-culture with methane-oxidizing bacteria. The approach involves using a specific strain of Klebsiella pneumonia 1-17 as a co-culture partner for methane-oxidizing bacteria, which can utilize methane homologues and bacterial byproducts. The co-culture benefits from the methane-oxidizing bacteria's ability to convert natural gas into biomass while the Klebsiella pneumonia 1-17 strain produces proteins, amino acids, and polysaccharides through its lysis process. This co-culture approach enables enhanced protein production compared to traditional pure culture systems, particularly when using methane as a substrate.

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17. Corynebacterium Strain with Engineered Protein for Enhanced L-Lysine Production

CJ CHEILJEDANG CORP, 2019

A Corynebacterium strain engineered to produce L-lysine through enhanced protein expression. The engineered strain specifically expresses a protein with the amino acid sequence of L-lysine, which is absent in the original strain. This engineered protein is characterized by its increased activity compared to the original strain's endogenous L-lysine production. The engineered strain can be cultivated in standard media, and L-lysine can be recovered from the culture medium. This engineered strain offers a significant improvement in L-lysine production compared to the original strain, with an enhanced protein activity compared to the endogenous L-lysine production.

18. Bacterial Strain R. daidae with Host-Specific Colonization and Antibiotic Resistance for Eastern Goat Plants

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A strain of bacteria R. daidae that selectively colonizes eastern goat plants, enhancing nitrogen fixation and plant growth through a symbiotic relationship. The strain exhibits high specificity to the goat host, promoting enhanced nitrogen fixation and plant development. It demonstrates rapid growth rates and is resistant to antibiotics, making it a valuable tool for agricultural biopreparation. The strain's ability to form symbiotic relationships with goat plants enables efficient nitrogen fixation, improving plant biomass and quality.

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