Water Resistant Brick Manufacturing
Water penetration in brick structures leads to significant degradation, with moisture content exceeding 8% by weight causing exponential increases in deterioration rates. Traditional clay bricks exhibit water absorption rates of 12-18% under standard testing conditions (ASTM C67), making them vulnerable to freeze-thaw damage and chemical deterioration in demanding environments.
The fundamental challenge lies in developing brick compositions and manufacturing processes that reduce water absorption while maintaining structural integrity and cost-effectiveness in mass production.
This page brings together solutions from recent research—including integrated protective layers in magnesium-chromium refractory designs, specialized ceramic compositions with optimized clay-quartz-feldspar ratios, and multi-layered constructions with reinforced cores. These and other approaches focus on practical manufacturing techniques that can be implemented in existing production facilities while meeting international standards for water resistance.
1. Magnesium-Chromium Refractory Brick with Integrated Protective Layer for Water Discharge
ZHENYU REFRACTORIES CO LTD, 大石桥市震宇耐火材料有限公司, 2024
A novel magnesium-chromium refractory brick with enhanced water resistance and pressure durability. The brick features a unique structural design where a protective layer is integrated into the brick body, rather than being separate from it. This integrated approach provides superior water protection and eliminates the need for separate water management systems. The brick's design enables continuous water discharge through the integrated protective layer, while maintaining excellent thermal performance and resistance to high temperatures and mechanical stress.
2. Spinel Composite Corundum Brick with Chromed Corundum and Magnesium-Aluminum Spinel for Enhanced Alkali Metal Salt Corrosion Resistance
ZHENGZHOU UNIVERSITY, 2023
Spinel composite corundum brick for chemical waste incinerators that enhances durability and resistance to alkali metal salt corrosion. The brick combines chromed corundum with white corundum, chromium oxide, magnesium-aluminum spinel, and alumina, with specific weight ratios. The chromed corundum provides high-temperature strength, while the spinel enhances erosion resistance. The brick's unique structure, featuring a denser erosion layer with a reduced porosity, significantly improves its performance against corrosive environments.
3. Brick with Curved I-Shape Reinforced Core and Dual-Layer Corrosion-Resistant Coating
Ningbo Mingzhi New Material Technology Co., Ltd., NINGBO MINGZHI NEW MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY CO LTD, 2021
A corrosion-resistant waterproof brick with integrated reinforcement and enhanced durability. The brick features a reinforced core with a curved I-shape profile, where the reinforcement plate is strategically positioned to provide additional structural support. The core is coated with a thick iron-based alloy layer (3-4 mm) and a 2-3 mm thick alumina ceramic layer, providing comprehensive protection against corrosive environments.
4. Cofferdam with Acid-Resistant Brickwork and Specialized Masonry Construction Method
Henan Jian'an Anti-corrosion and Insulation Co., Ltd., HENAN JIANAN ANTI-CORROSION & HEAT INSULATION CO LTD, 2021
A durable, acid-resistant cofferdam for permanent water management structures that can be safely dismantled after completion. The cofferdam incorporates a specialized masonry construction method that incorporates acid-resistant brickwork, ensuring long-term durability against corrosive environments. The system enables controlled water management while maintaining structural integrity, making it suitable for permanent facilities like water treatment plants and hydroelectric dams.
5. Exterior Wall Brick with Integrated Drainage Channels and Horizontal Pipe Slope System
ZOU SHENGBIN, 2021
A waterproof exterior wall brick with improved water management features. The brick incorporates integrated drainage channels and a waterproof slope system to prevent water accumulation between wall sections. The slope features a series of horizontal pipes aligned with the lower end surface, creating a water-blocking pathway from the slope to the wall brick body. This design ensures efficient water management through the brick while maintaining structural integrity.
6. Low-Temperature High-Strength Frit Glaze for Sintered Permeable Bricks with Specific Composition and Mechanical Properties
TAIYUAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, Taiyuan University of Technology, 2020
A low-temperature high-strength frit glaze for sintered permeable bricks that enhances their mechanical properties while maintaining water permeability. The glaze, with a composition of SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, K2O, Na2O, CaO, and MgO, demonstrates superior compressive strength (39.8-42.5 MPa) and freeze-thaw resistance (7.49-8.94%) compared to conventional binders. Its water permeability coefficient is within the range of 2.02-2.32×10^-2 cm/s, while the freeze-thaw strength loss rate is 8.86%. This glaze can be used as a binder for sintered permeable bricks, enabling their application in building construction while maintaining their permeability properties.
7. Waterproof Brick with Sodium-Quartz-Feldspar Base and Tourmaline-Silver-Nano-Silica Antimicrobial Glaze
PINGLIANG RUIBO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SERVICE CO LTD, 2018
A waterproof brick for kitchen cleaning pools that combines enhanced durability with enhanced antimicrobial properties. The brick features a base layer with added sodium, quartz, and feldspar to improve its acid and alkali resistance, while incorporating tourmaline, silver nanoparticles, and nano-silica to enhance antibacterial capabilities. The brick is then sealed with a specialized glaze that provides both secondary anti-seepage protection and a secondary antibacterial barrier. This multi-layered design combines the conventional waterproofing properties of the base layer with the enhanced antimicrobial performance of the glaze, creating a comprehensive solution for kitchen pool cleaning.
8. Concrete Brick with Integrated Water-Permeable Core and Breathable Outer Layer
Fuzhou University, FUZHOU UNIVERSITY, 2018
A self-permeable, breathable concrete brick for urban infrastructure that integrates both water and air permeability while maintaining structural integrity. The brick combines a water-permeable core with a breathable outer layer, allowing precipitation to infiltrate while preventing excessive moisture buildup. This innovative design enables controlled drainage, reduces heat island effects, and maintains soil activity, while also providing a durable, long-lasting solution for urban infrastructure applications.
9. Corrosion-Resistant Permeable Brick with Cement-Based Matrix and Specific Admixture Composition
江苏溧阳建设集团有限公司, JIANGSU LIYANG CONSTRUCTION GROUP CO., LTD., 2018
A corrosion-resistant permeable brick comprising a cement-based matrix with enhanced durability. The brick contains a cement matrix with a cement content of 20%, anhydrite powder of 1.2%, slag pellets of 18%, hollow micro Beads of 12%, and a controlled admixture of water glass, alkylphenol ether sulfosuccinate, lignosulfonate, γ-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, triglycidyl isocyanurate, and sodium dihydrogen phosphate. The admixture is formulated to balance the cement matrix with the admixture components, ensuring the brick maintains its integrity while resisting corrosion.
10. Corrosion-Resistant Water-Permeable Brick with Composite Matrix and Hollow Microbead Structure
JIANGSU MINJIANG MINING IND CO LTD, 2018
A corrosion-resistant, water-permeable brick that combines enhanced durability with improved water management. The brick comprises a matrix of Portland cement, water-reducing agents, anhydrite, setting retarders, coagulation sedimentation sludge, binder, terpene resin, air entraining agents, slag, water, hollow microbeads, water glass, alkylphenol ether sulfosuccinate, lignin sulfonate, and quartz sand. The unique composition balances mechanical strength, water resistance, and durability while maintaining permeability. The brick's hollow microbeads and water glass enhance its self-cleaning properties, while the alkylphenol ether sulfosuccinate and lignin sulfonate improve its resistance to saltwater corrosion.
11. Corrosion-Resistant Permeable Brick with Terpene Resin Reinforced Core and Composite Mineral Matrix
JIANGSU CHANGHAO BUILDING MAT CO LTD, 2017
A corrosion-resistant permeable brick that combines enhanced durability with improved water resistance. The brick comprises a core of portland cement, black cement, anhydrite powder, iron oxide, coagulation sedimentation sludge powder, tailings powder, terpene resin powder, sand, slag powder, rice stone, hollow beads, cement, sodium silicate, lignin sulfonate, and quartz sand. The core is reinforced with a matrix of terpene resin, which provides both mechanical strength and water resistance. The brick also incorporates a combination of sand, slag, and rice stone to enhance its overall durability.
12. Refractory Brick Comprising Waste-Derived Composite with Enhanced Water and Moisture Resistance
MAANSHAN BAOLONG NEW BUILDING MATERIALS CO LTD, 2017
A water-resistant and moisture-proof refractory brick that combines the properties of refractory materials with improved durability. The brick is made from a blend of waste materials such as oil refining waste sludge, bauxite tailings, glauconite, natural colored sand, natural zeolite, sodium alginate, alumite, coal-fired boiler ash, ferric chloride, acrylic acid polysaccharide, polymethylsilsesquioxide, dihydrate ball calcium chloride, waste mortar, and lime. The blend is processed through a controlled chemical reaction that creates a refractory material with enhanced resistance to water and moisture. The resulting brick exhibits superior durability and resistance to high-temperature degradation compared to conventional refractory materials.
13. Corrosion-Resistant Aerated Brick with Rare Earth Oxide and Gas Phase Reaction-Induced Porosity
TONGLING FENGZE BUILDING MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY CO LTD, 2016
A corrosion-resistant aerated brick and preparation method for rare earth-containing building materials. The brick comprises a porous aerated structure with a rare earth oxide content, where the aerated structure is formed through a controlled gas phase reaction between the rare earth oxide and a gas phase containing carbon dioxide and water vapor. The preparation method involves the controlled reaction of the rare earth oxide with a gas phase containing carbon dioxide and water vapor to produce the aerated structure.
14. Hollow Clay Brick with Low Water Absorption and High Water Sintering Properties via Novel Composition and Processing Technique
ANHUI HONG ENERGY-SAVING EQUIPMENT CO LTD, 2016
A low water absorption, high water sintered hollow clay brick and preparation method that addresses the conventional limitations of sintered clay bricks. The invention achieves this through a novel clay composition and processing technique that enables the production of hollow bricks with reduced water absorption and enhanced water sintering properties.
15. Hollow Brick with Multi-Layered Composition and Key-Shaped Cavity
ZHUODA NEW MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO LTD, Zhuoda New Material Technology Group Co., Ltd., 2016
High-strength water impermeable hollow brick with enhanced durability and resistance to water penetration. The brick comprises a hollow cavity filled with a combination of shale, cementitious material, silica fume, barium sulfate, and coal waste rock. The upper body features a flat key-shaped cavity, while the lower body is reinforced with shale. A gelling layer is applied above the shale, followed by a silica fume layer, then a barium sulfate layer, and finally a clay layer. This structural configuration provides superior water resistance and strength compared to conventional hollow bricks.
16. Stone Brick with Dual Waterproof Layer Configuration
BEIJING LBY ARCHITECTURAL DECORATION ENGINEERING CO LTD, Beijing Lebeiya Architectural Decoration Engineering Co., Ltd., 2015
A stone brick with enhanced durability through multiple waterproof layers. The brick features a core with a waterproof protective layer on one side, followed by a second waterproof layer on the other side. This dual-layer design ensures the brick's structural integrity is protected from water ingress while maintaining its aesthetic appeal.
17. Ceramic Brick Composition Incorporating Electric Arc Furnace Slag with γ-C2S and Ferrites
FEDERALNOE GOSUDARSTVENNOE AVTONOMNOE OBRAZOVATELNOE UCHREZHDENIE VYSSHEGO OBRAZOVANIJA SAMARSKIJ GOSUDARSTVENNYJ AEHROKOSMICHESKIJ UNIVERSITET IMENI AKADEMIKA SP KOROLEVA, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education Samara State Aerospace University named after Academician S.P. Korolev, 2015
Ceramic bricks produced from waste materials through a novel processing route that utilizes electric arc furnace slag (EAF) as a primary raw material. The EAF-based composition combines with other waste components to produce a high-performance ceramic brick with enhanced thermal resistance and mechanical strength. The composition achieves improved frost resistance and durability through the incorporation of EAF-derived γ-C2S and ferrites, while maintaining high compressive strength. This approach enables the production of bricks that can replace traditional ceramic materials while significantly reducing waste and environmental impact.
18. Ceramic Composition Incorporating Ethylene Diamine, Boron Nitride, and Magnesium Clay for Enhanced Durability and Chemical Resistance
QINGDAO BAIQIANCHUAN OCEAN ECOLOGY TECHNOLOGY CO LTD, 2015
Ceramic product with enhanced durability and resistance to acid and alkaline environments through a proprietary composition that balances water resistance, acid resistance, and chemical stability. The composition combines key components such as ethylene diamine, boron nitride, magnesium clay, stone dust, sodium feldspar, silicon, zircon, shale, and polyvinyl wax. This multi-component formulation provides exceptional resistance to environmental degradation while maintaining aesthetic performance.
19. Ceramic Bricks Incorporating Aphanic Calcium-Containing Blast Furnace Slag
Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education Samara State University of Economics, FEDERALNOE GOSUDARSTVENNOE BJUDZHETNOE OBRAZOVATELNOE UCHREZHDENIE VYSSHEGO PROFESSIONALNOGO OBRAZOVANIJA SAMARSKIJ GOSUDARSTVENNYJ EHKONOMICHESKIJ UNIVERSITET, 2015
Ceramic bricks with enhanced frost resistance and acid resistance, achieved through the incorporation of calcium-containing blast furnace slag with aphanic structure. The slag, which forms a glass phase with rare microlites, provides improved mechanical properties at high temperatures. The incorporation of this slag-based material into clay bricks enhances their durability in extreme environmental conditions.
20. Hollow Brick Composed of Coal Gangue, Silicon Dioxide, and Cement with Expanded Vitrified Micro-Beads and Emulsified Asphalt
HUOQIU GAOXIN BUILDING MATERIALS CO LTD, 2015
Permeation-resistant, waterproof, and crack-controlled hollow brick made from a combination of coal gangue, silicon dioxide, and cement. The brick incorporates a synergistic agent that enhances its performance while maintaining the structural integrity of the material. The brick's unique composition combines the benefits of expanded vitrified micro-beads for thermal insulation, a waterproofing agent that incorporates emulsified asphalt, and a synergistic agent that provides additional strength and durability. The brick achieves superior performance in terms of thermal insulation, waterproofing, and crack resistance, while minimizing the environmental impact of traditional brick production methods.
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