Aircraft coatings must withstand extreme thermal conditions while maintaining structural integrity. Current coating systems face degradation at temperatures above 800°C, with conventional organic-based materials losing their protective properties within minutes of exposure to direct flame. These limitations become critical in scenarios where maintaining fuselage integrity for 30+ minutes is essential for passenger safety.

The fundamental challenge lies in developing ultra-thin coatings that provide thermal protection without adding significant weight or compromising the aerodynamic profile of the aircraft.

This page brings together solutions from recent research—including intumescent epoxy systems with nano-titanium dioxide, graphene-based flame retardant coatings, and composite materials utilizing hollow glass microspheres. These and other approaches focus on achieving the necessary fire resistance while meeting strict aviation weight and durability requirements.

1. Matte Black Coating Comprising Modified Carbon Black, Nano-Titanium Oxide, and Carbon Nanotubes with Enhanced Flame Retardancy

千浪化研新材料有限公司, 2024

A high chemical fireproof matte black coating that significantly improves flame retardancy while maintaining excellent chemical resistance. The coating comprises a combination of modified carbon black, flame retardant, nano-titanium oxide, aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, and carbon nanotubes, which work together to enhance fire resistance while maintaining the characteristic matte finish. The coating achieves superior flame retardancy through a multi-step process involving dispersion, reflux, and drying.

CN116875130B-patent-drawing

2. Composite Flame Retardant for Magnesium and Aluminum Alloys with Melamine Polyphosphate, Hollow Glass Microspheres, and Basalt Fiber

THE SECOND RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CAAC, 2024

A composite flame retardant for magnesium and aluminum alloys that provides enhanced fire protection through a multi-component system. The material comprises a melamine polyphosphate-based flame retardant, hollow glass microspheres, and basalt fiber. The melamine polyphosphate component enhances thermal insulation, while the glass microspheres and basalt fiber contribute to smoke suppression and thermal insulation. The system achieves improved fire resistance through a multi-layer structure that isolates heat sources and suppresses heat transfer. The material demonstrates effective performance in real-world flame impact tests, meeting stringent aviation regulations.

CN118222130A-patent-drawing

3. Ultra-Thin Intumescent Epoxy Coating with Nano-Titanium Dioxide and Hollow Glass Microspheres for Aluminum Alloy Devices

BEIJING INSTITUTE TECH, 2024

A solvent-free, ultra-thin fire retardant coating for aviation aluminum alloy devices that achieves high thermal insulation while maintaining mechanical properties. The coating comprises a specially formulated intumescent epoxy resin with nano-titanium dioxide and hollow glass microsphere fillers, which forms a dense, insulating carbon layer upon thermal expansion. This innovative coating achieves exceptional thermal performance with minimal thickness, enabling 30-minute structural integrity retention at temperatures up to 1100°C.

CN118109102A-patent-drawing

4. Fire-Resistant Coating with Functionalized TiO2-Grafted Acrylic Resin

SHENZHEN GUOXINGXIANG ADHESIVE MATERIAL CO LTD, Shenzhen Guoxingxiang Adhesive Materials Co., Ltd., 2024

A fire-resistant coating comprising a functionalized TiO2-grafted acrylic resin, comprising a preparation method and application process for fire retardant coatings. The coating comprises a TiO2-grafted acrylic resin that incorporates TiO2 nanoparticles into the acrylic matrix, and a preparation method and application process for fire retardant coatings.

CN114478961B-patent-drawing

5. Fire-Resistant Coating Comprising Epoxy-Polyamide-Ammonium Polyphosphate Matrix with Zirconium Silicate and Halloysite Additives

AKADEMIA GORNICZO HUTNICZA IM STANISLAWA STASZICA W KRAKOWIE, 2023

A fire-resistant coating for steel and reinforced concrete structures that combines thermal insulation with protection against extreme temperatures. The coating consists of a semi-liquid matrix containing a combination of epoxy, polyamide, and ammonium polyphosphate resins, with zirconium silicate and halloysite (M0, M1, and M2 formulations) incorporated to enhance thermal stability and mechanical properties. The coating undergoes pyrolysis to form a carbon-rich, thermal-insulating matrix that maintains its structural integrity even at high temperatures, while also protecting against corrosion. The coatings exhibit improved thermal resistance, mechanical strength, and adhesion compared to conventional intumescent fire retardants.

6. Extruded Cement Panel with Inorganic Binder System and Fire-Resistant Coating

KOREA INSTITUTE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILDING TECHNOLOGY, 한국건설기술연구원, 2023

Extruded cement panel with enhanced fire resistance through a novel inorganic binder system. The panel combines a proprietary binder comprising milled carbon, mica, and alumina powders with a water-based dispersant, while applying a 2mm thick inorganic fire-resistant coating. The binder system provides superior fire resistance performance compared to conventional organic fire-resistant coatings, while the coating enhances the panel's overall thermal stability through its uniform application.

7. Matte Black Coating with Modified Carbon Black, Nano-Titanium Oxide, and Flame Retardant Agents

QIANLANG HUAYAN NEW MAT SHANGHAI CO LTD, 2023

A highly chemical-resistant fireproof matte black coating that combines exceptional flame retardancy with superior chemical resistance. The coating comprises a combination of modified carbon black, flame retardant agents, nano-titanium oxide, aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, carbon nanotubes, and antioxidants. The formulation is prepared through a multi-step process involving dispersion of the active components in a solvent, followed by mixing with an acrylic emulsion. The resulting paint exhibits exceptional fire resistance while maintaining excellent chemical resistance properties, making it suitable for applications requiring both fire protection and chemical resistance.

CN116875130A-patent-drawing

8. Fireproof Aerospace Coating with Titanium Nano-Polymer and Fluorocarbon Resin

GUANGXI HUANSHENG NEW MATERIAL TECH CO LTD, 2022

Aerospace thermal insulation fireproof coating for high-temperature applications. The coating combines titanium nano-polymer, flexible emulsion, fluorocarbon resin, hydroxyethyl cellulose, CrO3, perlite, antibacterial agent, dispersant, and thickener to achieve enhanced thermal insulation while maintaining fire resistance. The coating formulation provides superior performance in extreme environments, including high-temperature conditions and corrosive environments.

CN115160930A-patent-drawing

9. Graphene-Based Flame Retardant Coating with Modified Urea-Formaldehyde Resin and Graphene Sepiolite Integration

LIU WENXIU, 2022

A high-temperature-resistant graphene-based flame retardant coating comprising a graphene dispersion system in a urea-formaldehyde resin matrix, with specific modifications to enhance dispersion and performance. The coating comprises a graphene dispersion system comprising graphene monolithic layer structures, with a modified urea-formaldehyde resin matrix containing 5-15% graphene sepiolite. The dispersion of graphene is achieved through a controlled reaction between graphene oxide and octadecylamine, followed by a modified urea-formaldehyde resin preparation process that incorporates graphene sepiolite. This optimized formulation provides improved dispersion and performance characteristics for enhanced flame retardancy.

CN114736585A-patent-drawing

10. Flame Retardant Coating Film with Binder Resin and Dual Inorganic Substance Composition

NITTO DENKO CORP, 2021

Flame retardant coating film comprising a binder resin, a low-melting point inorganic substance, and a high-melting point inorganic substance. The film forms through a phase change process where the binder resin decomposes to form a carbide, and the low-melting point inorganic substance melts to form a flame retardant coating film that effectively blocks flame propagation.

11. Paint Composition with Silaneamine-Acrylic Binder and Inorganic Fillers for High-Temperature Resistance

YUNYEONGRANG, SEAGI ENGINEERING CO LTD, Yoon Young-rang, 2021

A paint composition and method for achieving high-temperature resistance and fire retardancy through a single-step formulation. The composition comprises a binder, inorganic filler, and solvent, with the binder containing a silaneamine and an acrylic resin. The composition also includes titanium dioxide, boron nitride, and a fire retardant agent comprising antimony trioxide and carbon black. The formulation combines these components in a single solvent system, enabling rapid curing and excellent performance at high temperatures. The composition is particularly effective for internal water-based paints and steel-frame coatings, offering superior fire resistance compared to traditional paints.

KR102275153B1-patent-drawing

12. Inorganic Compound-Based Non-Flammable Materials with Intrinsic Fire-Resistant and Retardant Properties

AML TECHNOLOGIES LLC, 2021

Non-flammable materials that enhance fire safety by preventing ignition and slowing fire spread. These materials, comprising inorganic compounds, possess inherent fire-resistant and fire-retardant properties through natural cooling mechanisms or chemical stabilization. They can be incorporated into various products, such as clothing, construction materials, and household items, to prevent fire initiation and propagation.

13. Graphite-Based Paint System with Flame Retardant and Water-Resistant Properties

SEJU CO LTD, 주식회사 세주산업, YANG HONG JU, 2020

A paint system that combines flame retardancy, water resistance, and rust protection through a novel graphite-based technology. The paint employs expanded graphite particles that form a protective layer upon contact with flame, eliminating fuel and oxygen while preventing heat transfer. This graphite-based layer is reinforced with a binder resin, purified water, and anti-scattering agents, creating a durable and fire-resistant coating. The system achieves comprehensive protection against fire, heat, and moisture while maintaining the paint's water-repellent properties.

14. Graphite-Based Flame Retardant Coating with Durable Non-Flammable Barrier Formation

PENG JIAO, 2020

Graphite-based flame retardant coating for high-temperature applications that combines environmental sustainability with flame resistance. The coating utilizes graphite as the primary raw material to create a durable and non-flammable barrier for surfaces like walls, car bodies, and furniture.

CN111320912A-patent-drawing

15. Fire-Retardant Coating for Concrete with Thermal Barrier and Flame Retardant System

GUANGZHOU HEXIN INDUSTRY CO LTD, Guangzhou Hexin Industrial Co., Ltd., 2019

A high-temperature-resistant fire-retardant coating for concrete applications that maintains appearance and performance in extreme heat environments. The coating employs a novel combination of thermal barrier materials and advanced flame retardant agents to prevent thermal degradation while maintaining structural integrity. The coating formulation combines a thermal barrier with a proprietary flame retardant system that prevents thermal runaway while maintaining the structural integrity of the concrete.

CN107434943B-patent-drawing

16. Graphene-Modified Fireproof Coating with Graphene-Infused Silica Powder Reinforcement

QINGYUAN MACROCK NEW MATERIALS CO LTD, 2019

Graphene-modified fireproof coating and preparation method that enhances fire retardancy through the incorporation of graphene into traditional fire retardant formulations. The coating utilizes graphene-modified silica powder as a reinforcement component, where graphene's unique mechanical properties and thermal conductivity enhance the coating's fire resistance while maintaining its insulating properties. The preparation method involves synthesizing graphene-modified silica powder through a controlled chemical vapor deposition process, followed by application to the fire retardant formulation.

17. Nano-Ceramic Composite Coating with Ammonium Acid Sacrificial Layer for Thermal Protection

ANHUI NUOCHEN NEW MATERIAL CO LTD, 2019

High-temperature resistant nano-ceramic composite coating technology that enables environmentally friendly fire retardants for industrial applications. The coating utilizes a mixture of ammonium acid and nano-ceramic materials, where the acid serves as a sacrificial layer that degrades at high temperatures while the ceramic provides thermal protection. This composition eliminates the hazardous properties of traditional silicone coatings while maintaining the performance of inorganic nano-ceramic coatings.

18. Water-Based Nano-Ceramic Coating with Enhanced Thermal Stability and Adhesion Properties

ANHUI NUOCHEN NEW MATERIAL CO LTD, 2019

A water-based nano-ceramic coating that combines high temperature resistance with environmental sustainability. The coating comprises a nano-ceramic material that is dispersed in a water-based formulation, achieving superior thermal stability while maintaining excellent adhesion properties. This innovative coating system enables the creation of durable, fire-resistant coatings that can be used in high-temperature applications without compromising environmental performance.

19. Graphene-Enhanced Intumescent Coating with Nanometer Ferric Oxide for Thermal Stability

GUANGDONG GOLDEN GLASS TECH LTD, 2018

High temperature-resistant fireproof coating and preparation method that enhances the flame retardant performance of existing coatings. The coating combines a graphene-based intumescent flame retardant with nanometer ferric oxide, which improves thermal stability and reduces degradation. The coating formulation balances the fire retardant's performance with excellent thermal insulation and moisture management properties, while maintaining compatibility with the substrate.

CN108641551A-patent-drawing

20. Nanostructured Fireproof Coating with Nanocomposite Material Incorporating Specific Nanoparticles for Enhanced Thermal Conductivity and Mechanical Strength

MAANSHAN LANKE REMANUFACTURING TECH CO LTD, 2018

A nanostructured fireproof coating that combines enhanced thermal protection with improved durability through nanocomposite material synthesis. The coating incorporates nanoparticles of specific materials to create a synergistic effect that enhances its fire resistance properties beyond traditional coatings. The nanocomposite material structure enables improved thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, and surface durability, while maintaining the fire resistance characteristics of the underlying material. This composite coating offers enhanced performance in high-temperature environments compared to conventional coatings.

CN108070315A-patent-drawing

21. Fireproof Coating with Controlled Thermal Expansion for Enhanced Structural Fire Resistance

22. Fire-Resistant Coating with Polyester Resin, Carbon Black, and Silicate Glass Composition

23. Fire Retardant Coating with Surface Modification and Polymerization-Induced Barrier Formation

24. Composite Coating with Hollow Glass Microspheres and Silica-Based Additives for Enhanced Thermal Insulation and Flame Retardancy

25. Graphite Intumescent Coating with Expandable Graphite and Silicon Carbide Fiber Composition

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