Traditional paint formulations rely on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to achieve optimal flow, leveling, and application properties. When removing these solvents, viscosity profiles become challenging to control - particularly in the critical shear rate range of 0.1-100 s⁻¹ where both application behavior and sag resistance are determined. Current water-based and high-solids systems often struggle to match the performance of solvent-borne coatings.

The fundamental challenge lies in developing rheology modifiers that can provide precise viscosity control across multiple shear regimes without the traditional tools of solvent-based systems.

This page brings together solutions from recent research—including reactive acrylic polyol resins, biobased poly(hydroxyl urethane) systems, epoxy-based compositions with specific epoxy values, and novel curing agent combinations. These and other approaches focus on achieving optimal flow properties while maintaining critical performance characteristics like durability, adhesion and cure response.

1. Epoxy Resin-Based Coating Composition with Specific Epoxy Value and Fast-Drying, Corrosion-Resistant Properties

BASF COATINGS GMBH, 2024

A low-VOC epoxy resin-based coating composition for engineering applications that combines fast drying properties with enhanced corrosion resistance. The composition comprises an epoxy resin with a specific epoxy value range, combined with a curing agent and optional drying agent. The epoxy resin component provides excellent mechanical properties, while the curing agent enhances the coating's performance in harsh environments. The composition achieves fast drying times while maintaining superior salt resistance, making it suitable for applications requiring rapid curing and high-performance coatings in industrial environments.

2. Biobased Poly(hydroxyl Urethane) Coatings Synthesized from Epoxidized Plant Oils and Polyamines

VON HOLZHAUSEN, 2024

Biobased non-isocyanate poly(hydroxyl urethane) (NIPU) coatings for flexible substrates achieve supple and durable properties through a novel synthesis pathway involving epoxidized plant-based oils and biobased polyamines. The process involves chemical insertion of carbon dioxide into epoxidized oils to produce cyclic carbonate monomers, which are then crosslinked with biobased polyamines to form the NIPU polymer network. The resulting coatings exhibit exceptional mechanical properties, including high elongation to break strain, and can be formulated into flexible substrates for applications like leather alternatives and automotive coatings.

3. Paint Composition with Main Resin, Curing Agent, and Antifoaming Agent for Reduced VOC Emissions

HD HYUNDAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES CO LTD, 2024

Manufacturing a paint that can reduce volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions and secure excellent painting workability. The composition includes a main portion containing a main resin, a curing agent portion containing a curing agent, and an antifoaming agent.

4. Low-VOC Coating Composition with Epoxy Compound, Reactive Diluent, Curing Agent, and Dioxolane Derivative

CHUGOKU MARINE PAINTS LTD, 2023

A low-VOC coating composition for coatings, substrates, and films that eliminates the need for benzyl alcohol while maintaining excellent performance. The composition comprises an epoxy compound with an epoxy equivalent of more than 200, a reactive diluent, a curing agent, and a dioxolane derivative. The epoxy compound provides the necessary mechanical properties, while the reactive diluent and curing agent enable the composition to achieve the desired viscosity without benzyl alcohol. The dioxolane derivative enhances film formability and curing properties, making the composition suitable for a wide range of coating applications.

US2023340292A1-patent-drawing

5. High-Solid Coating Composition with Reactive Acrylic Polyol Resin and Ethylenically Unsaturated Monomers

株式会社KCC, KCC CORP, 2022

High-solid coating composition with reduced VOC content, ensuring excellent pot life and workability while maintaining drying properties. The composition comprises an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, an acid group-containing acrylic monomer, and a reactive acrylic polyol resin prepared by polymerizing a mixture of diluents, with a curing agent. The polyol resin enhances film properties while controlling VOC emissions, achieving a solid content of 70% or more.

CN113278330B-patent-drawing

6. Protective Coating Composition with High-Solid Alkyd Resin and Specific Additives for Steel Structures

JIANGSU CHAMPION TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO LTD, 2021

High solid, low VOC protective coating for steel structures that has improved performance, durability, and reduced environmental impact compared to traditional coatings. The coating contains specific components like high-solid alkyd resin, calcium carbonate, organic bentonite, humectant, dispersant, desiccant, and anti-skinning agent in optimized ratios. The coating provides high solid content, low toxicity, good adhesion, flexibility, corrosion resistance, weather resistance, hardness, and smoothness. The coating preparation involves mixing the components in steps to disperse them uniformly.

AU2021106937A4-patent-drawing

7. Acrylic Resin Coating with Specific DEA and 2-(3-Chlorophenyl)prop-2-enoic Acid Ratios and Associated Preparation Method

BENTENG PAINT IND SHANGHAI CO LTD, 2021

Low-VOC acrylic resin coating and its preparation method for waterborne coatings that addresses the limitations of conventional waterborne coatings. The coating comprises an acrylic resin with specific molar ratios of diethanolamine (DEA) and 2-(3-chlorophenyl)prop-2-enoic acid, combined with surfactants, a curing agent, a defoamer, and pigments. The formulation achieves improved water resistance, mechanical properties, and stain resistance while maintaining excellent film formation and adhesion.

8. Coating Composition with Acrylic Polyol Resin and Curing Agent for Metal Surfaces

주식회사 케이씨씨, KCC CORP, 2021

A coating composition for metal surfaces that reduces VOC emissions while maintaining excellent pot life and drying properties. The composition comprises an acrylic polyol resin with an acid value between 10 and 30 mgKOH/g, a curing agent, and a radical polymerization initiator. The curing agent enhances the curing process, while the polyol resin improves the coating film's mechanical properties. The composition achieves reduced VOC emissions through the curing agent's reaction with the polyol resin, resulting in a more environmentally friendly coating solution.

KR102206436B1-patent-drawing

9. Polyurethane Coating with Resin-Solvent Blend and Variable Weight Ratio

FOSHAN SHUNDE GUDELI PAINT CO LTD, 2020

A low-VOC polyurethane (PU) coating with improved performance characteristics. The coating is prepared through a novel mixing process that combines a high-performance resin with a specific blend of solvents. The resin is formulated with a specific weight ratio of 5118 to solvent, and the solvent blend is optimized for improved flow and dispersion properties. The resulting PU coating exhibits enhanced abrasion resistance, acid and alkali resistance, and hardness, all while maintaining low volatile organic compound (VOC) content.

CN111500178A-patent-drawing

10. Aqueous Dispersion with Acrylic Binder and Methylene Bridged Copolymer Adsorbent Particles

ROHM AND HAAS CO, 2020

Aqueous dispersion and coating composition containing the same, comprising an acrylic binder dispersion and a specific polymeric adsorbent particle mixture. The dispersion contains acrylic binder particles, while the adsorbent particles contain a methylene bridged copolymer of divinylbenzene and a monovinyl aromatic monomer. The adsorbent particles are added to the acrylic binder dispersion before it is formulated into the coating, eliminating the need for additional VOC removal steps. The dispersion and coating composition achieve VOC levels below 800 ppm, making it suitable for applications requiring low-VOC coatings.

11. Polyurethane Coating with VOC-Free Aromatic Pre-Polymer and Isocyanate Terminals

CONSTRUCTION RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY GMBH, 2019

Polyurethane coatings for structures like parking decks and garages that achieve VOC-free formulations while maintaining high performance properties. The coatings contain an aromatic polyurethane pre-polymer with isocyanate terminal groups, a solvent blend, a catalyst, and fillers. The VOC content is less than 97 g/L, with the pre-polymer achieving a molecular weight of 500-10000 g/mol and an NCO/OH ratio of 1.1-5. The coatings exhibit excellent adhesion, durability, and resistance to deicing salts, while the VOC-free formulation enables compliance with stringent VOC regulations.

12. Binder Composition with Dispersion Polymer Incorporating Ethyl Acrylate and Low VOC Emission Properties

BASF SE, 2019

A binder composition comprising a dispersion polymer with a glass transition temperature of ≤20°C, comprising ethyl acrylate in copolymerized form, which exhibits extremely low volatile organic compound (VOC) emission when used to produce a solidified or set material. The dispersion polymer is prepared through aqueous polymer dispersion or polymer powder production, with the dispersion polymer having a particle size distribution of ≥10 nm. The dispersion polymer is combined with mineral binders like cement to produce a solidified or set material that meets the low VOC emission requirements of the European Green Building Code (GEV) EMICODE.

US10384976B2-patent-drawing

13. Water-Based Single-Component Paint with Epoxy-Modified Acrylic Emulsion and Hammering Agents

HEBEI CHENYANG IND & TRADE GROUP CO LTD, 2019

Water-based single-component ultra-low VOC quick-drying orange paint for surfaces, comprising a waterborne epoxy-modified acrylic emulsion, hammering agent Raybo, hammering agent CN-680, environmentally friendly packing, and a pH adjuster. The paint achieves excellent performance characteristics, including fast drying, low VOC emissions, and excellent surface finish quality, while maintaining durability and resistance to environmental pollutants.

14. Acrylic Paint with Water-Soluble Polymer Additive for Enhanced Film Properties

DANYANG BOYUAN SAFETY PRODUCTION SERVICE CO LTD, 2019

Acrylic paint with improved performance characteristics for environmentally friendly coatings. The paint combines the benefits of water-based and solvent-based paints by introducing a novel, water-soluble polymer additive that enhances film properties while maintaining environmental compatibility. The additive improves paint flow, adhesion, and thermal stability, enabling faster drying times and better heat resistance compared to conventional water-based paints.

CN109749543A-patent-drawing

15. Eco-Coating Composition with Inorganic Mineral Powder and Nitrogen-Polymerized Latex Polymer

DAMEITAIKANG ECOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGY CO LTD, 2018

A multifunctional eco-coating composition that is free of formaldehyde and VOCs. The coating composition contains 50-90% inorganic mineral powder, 5-60% latex polymer, thickener, surfactant, and pigment. The latex polymer is made by polymerizing monomers in a nitrogen-protected reactor. The surfactant improves compatibility between the inorganic minerals and latex polymer to prevent settling, segregation, and aggregation. The coating provides low VOCs compared to solvent-based coatings due to the use of a lower viscosity latex polymer and reduced organic solvents.

CN109082186A-patent-drawing

16. Interior Latex Paint with Low-VOC Composition Incorporating Defoaming Agent, Polymer Blend, and Mineral Additives

CHENGDU BARDESE PAINT CO LTD, 2018

A low-VOC, environmentally friendly interior latex paint that achieves clean taste while meeting stringent health and environmental standards. The paint combines a defoaming agent with a special balance of polymers, cellulose ether, and other additives to create a superior performance paint system. The formulation incorporates rutile titanium dioxide, calcined clay, and talc for superior light blocking, while the pH regulator maintains optimal paint stability. This innovative combination enables a paint with exceptional clean taste while minimizing environmental impact.

CN107903726A-patent-drawing

17. Colorant Composition with Copolymer Surfactant for Reduced Volatile and Hazardous Constituents in Aqueous Latex Paints

COLUMBIA INSURANCE CO, 2018

Colorant composition for aqueous latex paints that achieves environmental sustainability through reduced volatile non-aqueous constituents (VNCs), alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs), crystalline silica, and formaldehyde. The composition is formulated with a copolymer surfactant comprising specific monomers that enable the removal of these environmentally undesirable substances while maintaining film properties. The surfactant enables the incorporation of VNCs, APEs, crystalline silica, and formaldehyde into the paint formulation without compromising performance characteristics.

US2018030237A1-patent-drawing

18. VOC-Free Concrete Primer with Hybrid Curing System and Oxirane Ring-Containing Resin

CHOI JUNG SEOK, TNS CO LTD, T&S Co., Ltd., 2017

A VOC-free primer coating for concrete surfaces that achieves superior interlayer adhesion through a novel hybrid curing system. The primer composition combines an environmentally friendly curing agent with a water-soluble or water-dispersible resin, achieving a curing network structure that enables strong adhesion between the primer layer and subsequent topcoat layer. The curing agent contains an oxirane ring-containing resin that forms a polymer fusion structure with the resin layer, while the curing agent itself has a viscosity of 200 cps or less. This hybrid system enables effective curing through chemical and physical hybrid curing mechanisms, resulting in a water-soluble or water-dispersible primer coating that replaces traditional oil-based coatings while maintaining excellent performance characteristics.

KR101812097B1-patent-drawing

19. Coating Composition with Mixed Emulsion and Pigment Dispersion for Reduced VOC Emissions

ANHUI KANGRUI HIGH-TECH NEW MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING CO LTD, 2017

Low VOC emissions coating that significantly reduces volatile organic compounds (VOCs) compared to conventional coatings. The coating formulation contains a unique blend of ingredients that allows for low VOC content without sacrificing performance. The coating composition includes a mixed emulsion, pigment dispersion, methyl ethyl ketone oxime, drier, thickener, and 2-Aminomethyl-1-propanol. The mixed emulsion is made by emulsifying sucrose fatty acid, alkyd resin, octylphenol polyoxyethylene 10 ether, and water. The pigment dispersion contains a dispersant, wetting agent, organic bentonite, titanium dioxide, defoamer, and water. The coating also has a humectant like an ethoxylated fatty acid methyl ester derivative, and

20. Ethylsilicate Polymer Binders with Reduced VOC Content and Propylene Carbonate Solvent System

SILBOND CORPORATION, 2017

Ethylsilicate polymer binders with reduced levels of regulated VOCs, and more specifically to stable, fast cure ethylsilicate polymer binders with low levels of regulated VOCs. The binders contain a combination of propylene carbonate and a solvent that forms up to 25% by weight, comprising at least one of propylene carbonate, tert-butylacetate, or parachlorobenzotrifluoride, and contain less than 18% by weight silica. The binders exhibit improved stability and performance characteristics, including reduced gelling and improved drying times, compared to traditional ethylsilicate binders containing regulated solvents like dipropylene glycol methyl ether or methyl amyl ketone.

21. Coating Composition Incorporating Isooxazolidine Derivative for Extended Open Time and VOC Neutralization

ANGUS CHEMICAL CO, 2017

A coating composition with improved open time and VOC reduction properties for water-based paints. The composition comprises a novel isooxazolidine derivative that enhances the wet edge time of the paint film, enabling longer application intervals without compromising film quality. The isooxazolidine derivative is incorporated into a water-based paint formulation, where it neutralizes VOCs while maintaining excellent wet edge performance. The composition achieves both extended open time and reduced VOC levels, making it suitable for low-VOC water-based coatings.

22. Non-Phthalate Benzoate Esters with 3-Phenylpropylbenzoate for Polymer Dispersion Plasticization and Fusion

EMERALD KALAMA CHEMICAL LLC, 2016

Non-phthalate benzoate esters as low-VOC plasticizers and fusion aids for polymer dispersions, specifically architectural coatings, industrial coatings, OPVs, inks, and polishes. The benzoate ester, 3-phenylpropylbenzoate, offers improved performance characteristics compared to traditional plasticizers while maintaining low VOC levels. It enables film formation at room temperature, comparable to or better than traditional fusion aids, and provides superior gloss, blocking resistance, and chemical resistance.

JP2016188372A-patent-drawing

23. Paint Composition Utilizing Nanotechnology for VOC Prevention through Chemical Reaction Inhibition

RUST BULLET LLC, 2016

A virtually no-VOC paint that eliminates the need for controlled ventilation systems while maintaining high-quality finishes. The paint eliminates VOCs through advanced nanotechnology that prevents their formation through chemical reactions, eliminating the need for air circulation systems. This innovative approach enables paint to be applied at normal environmental conditions, eliminating the need for specialized ventilation systems.

WO2016161456A1-patent-drawing

24. VOC-Free Paint Preparation System Utilizing Surfactant-Polymer Combination to Replace Solvents

WANG JINSHAN, 2016

A VOC-free (volatile organic compound) paint preparation system that eliminates the use of solvents in traditional paint formulations. The system employs a novel combination of surfactants and polymers to replace traditional solvents in the paint formulation, resulting in a paint that meets stringent VOC emissions standards while maintaining excellent paint performance.

25. Ethylsilicate Polymer Composition with Propylene Carbonate Solvent and Variable SiO2 Content

Tyler Haber, 2016

Ethylsilicate polymers with reduced VOC levels that exhibit improved performance characteristics through the use of propylene carbonate as a solvent. The polymers contain 18-50% SiO2, 0-60% alcohol, and a solvent comprising propylene carbonate, oxsol, tertiary butyl acetate, or parachlorobenzotrifluoride, with the solvent forming up to 25% by weight. The composition undergoes hydrolysis in 55-90% yield, with the propylene carbonate stabilizing the final product during processing. The resulting binder exhibits improved stability, cure speed, and VOC levels compared to conventional ethylsilicate binders, particularly in applications requiring long-term stability and consistent performance.

26. Paint Defoamer with Low Molecular Weight Surfactant and Reduced Surface Tension

考格尼斯知识产权管理有限责任公司, COGNIS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT GMBH, 2016

Defoamer for paints that reduces foaming without compromising performance. The defoamer comprises a surfactant with a molecular weight of less than 1000 g/mol and a surface tension of less than 20 mN/m, which is present in the paint. The defoamer is present in the paint at concentrations of less than 0.8% by weight. This defoamer achieves high performance while maintaining a low concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and surfactant properties.

CN102247712B-patent-drawing

27. Ternary Emulsion Film-Forming System with Low-VOC Acrylic, Vinyl Acetate-Vinyl Emulsion, and Soap-Free Silicone Rubbers

SUZHOU GUSU NEW BUILDING MATERIAL CO LTD, 2016

Low-VOC environmentally friendly waterproof coating for buildings, comprising a ternary emulsion film-forming system that combines low-VOC acrylic emulsion, low-VOC vinyl acetate-vinyl emulsion, and soap-free silicone rubbers. This formulation achieves VOC levels below 30g/L, meeting the stringent requirements of environmental regulations while maintaining superior performance characteristics such as storage stability and anti-mildew properties.

28. Dibenzoate Tri-Mixed Composition with Low VOC Plasticizer and Coalescent Agent

Adnoc Refining, EMERALD KALAMA CHEMICAL LLC, 2015

A dibenzoate tri-mixed composition for low volatile organic compound (VOC) coatings that combines a plasticizer with a coalescent agent. The composition contains a plasticizer with low VOC content, such as dibenzoic acid esters, and a coalescent agent like dibenzoate esters, which provides improved performance characteristics compared to traditional coalescent agents. The composition achieves low VOC levels while maintaining excellent film-forming properties, including gloss, scrub resistance, and chemical resistance.

CN103649196B-patent-drawing

29. High-Solids Alkyd Resin Lacquer Formulation with Low VOC Content and Enhanced Durability

DAW SE, 2015

High-solids alkyd resin lacquer formulation for architectural coatings, architectural coatings, consumer paints, industrial coatings, paints equipment, and automotive coatings that achieves low VOC levels while maintaining superior performance characteristics. The formulation comprises alkyd resin, pigment, drying agent, solvent, water, and additives, with a maximum VOC content of 300 g/L. The formulation provides excellent drying characteristics, improved water resistance, and enhanced durability compared to conventional alkyd resins.

DE102005008335B4-patent-drawing

30. Coating Composition with Water-Based Crosslinking Agent and Crosslinkable Organic Solvent Component

YOKOYAMA AYUMU, 2015

Low-VOC coating composition for automotive and refinish applications that achieves VOC emissions below 1 g/L while maintaining excellent performance characteristics. The composition comprises a water-based crosslinking agent and a crosslinkable component comprising organic solvents and a compound with crosslinkable functional groups. The crosslinking agent is present in the range of 10-90% of the total weight of the crosslinkable component, while the crosslinkable component contains 0-10% water. The composition is formulated to provide excellent adhesion, high gloss, and resistance to environmental etching, while minimizing VOC emissions.

US9029475B2-patent-drawing

31. High-Solid, Low-VOC Automotive Coating Composition with Acrylic Polyol Resin and Isocyanate Curing Agent

KCC CORP, KCC Corporation, 2015

Low-VOC, high-solid colored automotive coating composition that reduces environmental pollution and improves coating properties compared to conventional coatings. The coating composition contains a high-solid content acrylic polyol resin, a high-solid dispersion of a colorant resin with pigments, a curing catalyst, a low-VOC solvent, and a low-VOC isocyanate curing agent. The composition has a total solids content of 70-85%, a low-VOC acrylic polyol resin of 30-50%, and a low-VOC solvent of 15-30%. The high-solid content resins and low-VOC solvents reduce coating VOCs compared to conventional coatings. The curing catalyst and isocyanate curing agent are used in lower amounts to maintain pot life

KR101517190B1-patent-drawing

32. Water-Based Paint with Hydrophobic Pigments and Additives for Enhanced Resistance and Low VOC Content

QINGDAO YIQUN PAINT INDUSTRY GROUP CO LTD, 2015

A water-based, VOC-free, and environmentally friendly paint for interior wall surfaces that provides superior water resistance, alkaline resistance, and cleaning properties. The paint contains titanium dioxide pigment, talc, calcium carbonate, and other additives that enhance its hydrophobic properties while maintaining low VOC levels. The formulation includes dispersing agents, wetting agents, and anti-foaming agents to optimize performance. The paint achieves these benefits through a unique combination of hydrophobic pigments, dispersing agents, and wetting agents that work together to prevent water absorption and maintain surface cleanliness.

33. Water-Based Emulsion Paint with High Titanium Dioxide Content and Variable Additive System

QINGDAO YIQUN PAINT GROUP CO LTD, 2015

Water-based, low-VOC (volatile organic compound) emulsion paint for interior walls that combines excellent water resistance, alkali resistance, and scrubbing properties, while maintaining a low VOC content and environmental sustainability. The paint formulation comprises a high concentration of titanium dioxide pigment, talc, and calcium carbonate, with added dispersing agents and anti-foaming agents to enhance wetting and leveling properties. The formulation also incorporates a low-VOC preservative system and a specialized thickening agent to ensure consistent performance. The paint's unique composition enables effective protection against water-based environments while minimizing environmental impact.

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