Flammability Reduction Techniques in HVAC Refrigerants

Refrigerant systems for air conditioning and refrigeration that achieve both low global warming potential (GWP) and low ozone depletion (ODP) while maintaining safety. The systems employ a primary refrigerant circuit with a secondary refrigerant comprising cis-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze(Z)) and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze(E)), along with R1336mzz(E), R1224yd(Z), and R1233zd(E) in the secondary circuit. This composition provides non-flammable properties, a global warming potential of not greater than 150, an evaporator glide of not greater than 5.6°C, and a normal boiling point of not greater than 6.3°C. The system can operate with a condenser temperature of up to 45°C, achieving efficiency comparable to R410A while meeting the required safety standards.

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Low-GWP refrigerants for air conditioning and heating systems that achieve environmentally friendly performance while maintaining operational efficiency. The refrigerants comprise a blend of R-32, R-1132(E), and R-1234yf, with specific weight percentages optimized for system performance and environmental impact. These low-GWP refrigerants meet the requirements for low global warming potential (GWP < 150), non-flammability classification of 1 or 2L, and non-toxicity. The refrigerants can be used in a variety of applications, including air conditioning systems, heat pumps, and air-to-water systems, and can be employed in both single-component and blended formulations.

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Reversible refrigerant compositions that can replace R404A, R507, and R410A refrigerants in existing refrigeration systems, particularly in low-temperature applications. These compositions have zero ozone depleting potential and can be used in both existing and modified systems. They possess superior performance characteristics, including comparable cooling capacity, energy efficiency, and condenser performance compared to R404A and R507. The compositions have a GWP of 0.5-1050, with the preferred range being 0.5-5, and are suitable for retrofitting existing equipment while maintaining compatibility with existing refrigeration systems.

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Refrigerant blends with reduced environmental impact and improved safety compared to existing refrigerants. The blends comprise HFC-32, HFO-1234yf, propylene, and optionally propane, HFC-125, and CO2. The blends have lower global warming potential than common refrigerants like R134a while also having lower flammability and toxicity. The HFC-32 reduces flammability compared to pure HFO-1234yf, and the CO2 helps further reduce flammability. The blends can be used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems.

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Nonflammable refrigerant compositions with reduced global warming potential (GWP) for HVAC systems. The compositions contain a mixture of R134a, a low GWP hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) like R1234yf or R1234ze(E), and the flame retardant CF3I. The amounts of R134a, HFO, and CF3I are selected to achieve desired properties like flammability, GWP, and refrigeration capacity. The compositions have GWP below 600, flammability class 1, and improved safety and performance compared to R134a.

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Quaternary refrigerant mixture that can replace R22 or R410a in refrigeration applications with lower environmental impact. The mixture has a GWP value below 150, making it compliant with EU regulations for automotive air conditioners. The quaternary refrigerant is a physical blend of R290, R1216, R134a, and R32 in proportions of 34%, 45%, 1%, and 20%, respectively. The mixture provides similar performance to R22 and R410a in condensing and evaporating pressures, heat loads, and refrigeration capacities. The lower GWP and flammability compared to R410a makes it a potential replacement for R22 and R410a in refrigeration equipment.

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Replacement refrigerants for R-410A in refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pump systems with lower global warming potential (GWP). The replacement refrigerant mixtures consist essentially of 42-59% difluoromethane (HFC-32), 33-53% 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), and 1-9% carbon dioxide. These mixtures match the performance of R-410A but have lower GWP than previous replacements. The compositions can also contain optional additives like lubricants, dyes, stabilizers, etc.

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Refrigerant composition for air conditioning systems that combines a low-GWP hydrofluoroolefin refrigerant with a non-flammable component. The composition comprises a hydrofluoroolefin refrigerant, a non-flammable component with a boiling point higher than that of the hydrofluoroolefin, and a non-flammable component with a boiling point lower than that of the hydrofluoroolefin. The non-flammable component is preferably a hydrofluoroether. This composition achieves refrigerating capacity and coefficient of performance equivalent to or higher than those of traditional HFC refrigerants like R-134a, R-410A, and R-123, while maintaining non-flammability.

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A refrigerant mixture comprising difluoromethane, monofluoroethane, and trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, with improved performance characteristics for household air conditioning systems. The mixture achieves reduced GWP (0.5), improved energy efficiency, and reduced flammability compared to conventional R22 and R410A while maintaining comparable performance. The mixture's unique composition enables better operation in high-temperature environments, particularly suitable for systems with cooling capacities above 2kW.

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Reducing flammability of refrigerant compositions in HVAC systems without sacrificing performance. This is achieved by adding a non-flammable refrigerant like R125 to a flammable refrigerant composition like R32 and/or R1234yf. The amount of R125 added can be adjusted to balance flammability, GWP, and performance.

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An environmentally friendly refrigerant replacement for R290 in household air conditioners that balances improved safety and similar thermal performance compared to R290 while having a lower global warming potential. The replacement refrigerant is a mixture of three components: 1) 1,1-difluoroethane (R152a), 2) 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234yf), and 3) either propane (R290), isobutane (R600a), or propylene (R1270). The mixture has a GWP of less than 150 and reduced flammability compared to R290, making it a safer alternative for household air conditioners.

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A refrigerant composition that has low GWP, is non-flammable or mildly flammable, and has a refrigerating capacity and/or coefficient of performance equivalent to or higher than those of traditional refrigerants. The composition contains FO-1216 and a hydrofluoroolefin, such as HFO-1234ze or HFO-1243zf. The FO-1216 is present in an amount of 2 mol % or more based on the total amount of FO-1216 and the hydrofluoroolefin.

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Non-flammable refrigerant for use in refrigeration systems, particularly for automotive applications. The refrigerant, which is a non-toxic, non-flammable alternative to traditional hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), exhibits improved thermal stability and resistance to degradation in refrigerant oil. The refrigerant composition comprises trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), propane (R290), isobutane (R600a), and hexamethyl silicon oil (HMSO), with an optimized ratio of CF3I to propane. This composition provides a reliable refrigerant that can be used in applications where traditional HFCs are restricted or prohibited. The refrigerant's non-flammability and improved thermal stability make it suitable for automotive refrigeration systems, while its non-toxicity and low toxicity profile eliminate potential environmental hazards.

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A mixed refrigerant and air conditioning system that replaces R290 with a safer, environmentally friendly alternative. The system utilizes a quaternary working fluid comprising fluoroethane, 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, 1,1-difluoroethane, and trifluoromethyl iodide. The components are physically mixed at specific mass ratios in both liquid and gaseous phases, achieving a thermally equivalent performance while significantly reducing flammability compared to R290. The system maintains its volumetric refrigeration capacity through optimized phase equilibria.

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A refrigerant composition for refrigeration systems that achieves equivalent performance, lower global warming potential, and improved flammability characteristics compared to conventional R410A. The composition comprises a 99.5% HFO-1132(E) refrigerant and 62.5% HFO-1123, with the HFO-1132(E) content ranging from 99.5% to 99.8%. The refrigerant composition meets the ASHRAE standards for refrigerant performance, GWP, and flammability. It can be used in conventional refrigeration systems as a working fluid, and its working fluid can be combined with a refrigeration oil for enhanced performance.

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A refrigerant for air conditioning systems that meets stringent environmental and safety requirements while maintaining superior performance. The refrigerant is prepared through a novel physical mixing process that combines a low-GWP working fluid with a safety-enhancing additive, achieving a GWP of 0 and Class 1 flammability. This innovative approach enables the creation of a refrigerant with both environmental protection and enhanced safety characteristics, making it an ideal replacement for existing HFC-based refrigerants like R290.

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Refrigerant compositions for refrigeration systems that replace R404A and R507 while maintaining non-flammability and low toxicity. The compositions contain hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) with global warming potentials (GWP) below 2000 in an integrated time horizon of 100 years and minimal ozone depletion potential. These HFCs, particularly those with GWP around 2000, are formulated to meet the requirements of refrigeration systems operating on both conventional and Lorentz cycles. The compositions enable the replacement of traditional R404A and R507 refrigerants without requiring system modifications, while ensuring reliable oil return and system performance.

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A non-flammable refrigerant for automotive air conditioning systems that achieves high efficiency through a novel additive composition. The refrigerant combines 25.5-40.5 parts of methylphenyl silicone oil with 0.1-0.5 parts of hexamethyl silicon oil, achieving 20-30% higher cooling and heating efficiencies compared to conventional R-134a. This composition enables reliable operation in automotive air conditioning systems, particularly in heat pump applications, while maintaining safety characteristics.

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Non-flammable refrigerant compositions comprising difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, and carbon dioxide achieve performance comparable to R-22 and R-410A while meeting stringent environmental regulations. The compositions exhibit zero ozone depletion potential and low global warming potential, with a weighted average GWP less than 1000. The compositions also maintain non-flammability under leakage conditions, making them suitable for applications requiring non-flammable refrigerants.

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A refrigerant composition comprising difluoromethane, tetrafluoropropene, and carbon dioxide, which enables environmentally friendly refrigerant substitution for ozone-depleting HFCs like R-410A. The composition maintains the performance characteristics of R-410A while achieving lower global warming potential (GWP) and meeting the Montreal Protocol phase-out requirements.

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A mixed refrigerant comprising 4-31.5% of R125, 50-80% of R1234ze(E), and 12-22% of R1234yf achieves non-flammability and low greenhouse effect while meeting EU F-gas regulations. The ternary azeotropic or near-azeotropic mixture exhibits low ozone depletion potential (ODP) and global warming potential (GWP) of less than 150.

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Refrigeration cycle apparatus like air conditioners using a mixed refrigerant with improved performance and reduced environmental impact compared to common refrigerants like R407C. The mixed refrigerant contains R32, R125, and another component (like R322) in specific weight ratios. It has a lower global warming potential (GWP) than R407C, but higher latent heat and volume capacity than R32. The mixed refrigerant allows using a thinner heat exchanger wall and smaller compressor exclusion volume compared to R407C. It also enables higher refrigerant densities for better heat transfer. The mixed refrigerant has flammability lower than R32 and can replace R407C in existing air conditioners.

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A mixed refrigerant comprising components having mass fractions of 4-31.5% R125, 50-80% R1234ze(E), and 12-22% R1234yf achieves non-flammability and low greenhouse effect while meeting the EU F-gas regulations. The composition enables azeotropic or near-azeotropic mixtures through the combination of R125, R1234ze(E), and R1234yf. The refrigerant maintains low GWP (less than 400) and meets the EU F-gas requirements.

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Refrigerant composition for refrigeration systems with improved environmental performance compared to existing R404A and R507 alternatives. The composition comprises blends of non-flammable HFC125 and HFC227ea with flammable HFC32 and HF0-1234ze(E) in proportions optimized for non-flammability during fractionation while maintaining superior refrigerating performance. The composition achieves GWP values between 1100 and 1400, meeting the requirement of replacing R404A and R507 in refrigeration systems while maintaining low discharge temperatures and non-flammability.

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A refrigerant for air conditioning systems that achieves comparable performance to R410A while reducing global warming potential (GWP) and combustion risk. The refrigerant composition comprises 50-70% R32, 20-30% R1234ze, and 10-20% R125, maintaining a GWP of approximately half that of R410A. The R1234ze component enhances the refrigerant's low GWP, while the R125 component ensures sufficient performance characteristics. This composition maintains the R32 component's high latent heat capacity, while the R1234ze component's lower GWP and improved safety properties. The R125 component is optimized to maintain the R32 component's boiling point and latent heat characteristics.

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A mixed refrigerant composition for air conditioners that can replace the commonly used refrigerant R22 without needing to change the compressor or other components. The mixed refrigerant is made of R32, R152a, and RC270 in specific proportions. It has a low ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 0.0 and a low global warming potential (GWP) compared to R22. The composition allows the mixed refrigerant to be used as a direct replacement for R22 in existing air conditioners without requiring modifications to the compressor or other components.

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Hydrocarbon refrigerant blends with reduced flammability, maintaining performance and environmental benefits. The blends incorporate a hydrocarbon refrigerant with inherent flammability, and a controlled proportion of halogenated refrigerants that specifically reduce the flammability of the hydrocarbon while maintaining refrigerating performance. The blends achieve this balance through precise halogen-to-hydrocarbon ratios, enabling the hydrocarbon refrigerant to retain its refrigerating capacity while minimizing its flammability.

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