Flammability Reduction Techniques in HVAC Refrigerants

Refrigerant systems for air conditioning and refrigeration that achieve both low global warming potential (GWP) and low ozone depletion (ODP) while maintaining safety. The systems employ a primary refrigerant circuit with a secondary refrigerant comprising cis-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze(Z)) and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze(E)), along with R1336mzz(E), R1224yd(Z), and R1233zd(E) in the secondary circuit. This composition provides non-flammable properties, a global warming potential of not greater than 150, an evaporator glide of not greater than 5.6°C, and a normal boiling point of not greater than 6.3°C. The system can operate with a condenser temperature of up to 45°C, achieving efficiency comparable to R410A while meeting the required safety standards.

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Low-GWP refrigerants for air conditioning and heating systems that achieve environmentally friendly performance while maintaining operational efficiency. The refrigerants comprise a blend of R-32, R-1132(E), and R-1234yf, with specific weight percentages optimized for system performance and environmental impact. These low-GWP refrigerants meet the requirements for low global warming potential (GWP < 150), non-flammability classification of 1 or 2L, and non-toxicity. The refrigerants can be used in a variety of applications, including air conditioning systems, heat pumps, and air-to-water systems, and can be employed in both single-component and blended formulations.

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Reversible refrigerant compositions that can replace R404A, R507, and R410A refrigerants in existing refrigeration systems, particularly in low-temperature applications. These compositions have zero ozone depleting potential and can be used in both existing and modified systems. They possess superior performance characteristics, including comparable cooling capacity, energy efficiency, and condenser performance compared to R404A and R507. The compositions have a GWP of 0.5-1050, with the preferred range being 0.5-5, and are suitable for retrofitting existing equipment while maintaining compatibility with existing refrigeration systems.

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Refrigerant blends with reduced environmental impact and improved safety compared to existing refrigerants. The blends comprise HFC-32, HFO-1234yf, propylene, and optionally propane, HFC-125, and CO2. The blends have lower global warming potential than common refrigerants like R134a while also having lower flammability and toxicity. The HFC-32 reduces flammability compared to pure HFO-1234yf, and the CO2 helps further reduce flammability. The blends can be used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems.

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Nonflammable refrigerant compositions with reduced global warming potential (GWP) for HVAC systems. The compositions contain a mixture of R134a, a low GWP hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) like R1234yf or R1234ze(E), and the flame retardant CF3I. The amounts of R134a, HFO, and CF3I are selected to achieve desired properties like flammability, GWP, and refrigeration capacity. The compositions have GWP below 600, flammability class 1, and improved safety and performance compared to R134a.

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Quaternary refrigerant mixture that can replace R22 or R410a in refrigeration applications with lower environmental impact. The mixture has a GWP value below 150, making it compliant with EU regulations for automotive air conditioners. The quaternary refrigerant is a physical blend of R290, R1216, R134a, and R32 in proportions of 34%, 45%, 1%, and 20%, respectively. The mixture provides similar performance to R22 and R410a in condensing and evaporating pressures, heat loads, and refrigeration capacities. The lower GWP and flammability compared to R410a makes it a potential replacement for R22 and R410a in refrigeration equipment.

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Replacement refrigerants for R-410A in refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pump systems with lower global warming potential (GWP). The replacement refrigerant mixtures consist essentially of 42-59% difluoromethane (HFC-32), 33-53% 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), and 1-9% carbon dioxide. These mixtures match the performance of R-410A but have lower GWP than previous replacements. The compositions can also contain optional additives like lubricants, dyes, stabilizers, etc.

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Refrigerant composition for refrigeration systems that offers superior cooling performance without ozone depletion potential and minimal global warming impact. The composition comprises a blend of (E)-1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propene and R-32, with optional HFO-1234yf, CO2, or other components. This composition achieves high cooling capacity while maintaining low ozone depletion potential and minimal global warming potential compared to traditional HFCs. The composition is suitable for various refrigeration applications, including air conditioning, heat pumps, and freezers, and can be used as a primary refrigerant in secondary loop systems.

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Refrigerant composition for air conditioning systems that combines a low-GWP hydrofluoroolefin refrigerant with a non-flammable component. The composition comprises a hydrofluoroolefin refrigerant, a non-flammable component with a boiling point higher than that of the hydrofluoroolefin, and a non-flammable component with a boiling point lower than that of the hydrofluoroolefin. The non-flammable component is preferably a hydrofluoroether. This composition achieves refrigerating capacity and coefficient of performance equivalent to or higher than those of traditional HFC refrigerants like R-134a, R-410A, and R-123, while maintaining non-flammability.

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A refrigerant mixture comprising difluoromethane, monofluoroethane, and trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, with improved performance characteristics for household air conditioning systems. The mixture achieves reduced GWP (0.5), improved energy efficiency, and reduced flammability compared to conventional R22 and R410A while maintaining comparable performance. The mixture's unique composition enables better operation in high-temperature environments, particularly suitable for systems with cooling capacities above 2kW.

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Reducing flammability of refrigerant compositions in HVAC systems without sacrificing performance. This is achieved by adding a non-flammable refrigerant like R125 to a flammable refrigerant composition like R32 and/or R1234yf. The amount of R125 added can be adjusted to balance flammability, GWP, and performance.

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An environmentally friendly refrigerant replacement for R290 in household air conditioners that balances improved safety and similar thermal performance compared to R290 while having a lower global warming potential. The replacement refrigerant is a mixture of three components: 1) 1,1-difluoroethane (R152a), 2) 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234yf), and 3) either propane (R290), isobutane (R600a), or propylene (R1270). The mixture has a GWP of less than 150 and reduced flammability compared to R290, making it a safer alternative for household air conditioners.

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A refrigerant composition that has low GWP, is non-flammable or mildly flammable, and has a refrigerating capacity and/or coefficient of performance equivalent to or higher than those of traditional refrigerants. The composition contains FO-1216 and a hydrofluoroolefin, such as HFO-1234ze or HFO-1243zf. The FO-1216 is present in an amount of 2 mol % or more based on the total amount of FO-1216 and the hydrofluoroolefin.

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Non-flammable refrigerant for use in refrigeration systems, particularly for automotive applications. The refrigerant, which is a non-toxic, non-flammable alternative to traditional hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), exhibits improved thermal stability and resistance to degradation in refrigerant oil. The refrigerant composition comprises trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), propane (R290), isobutane (R600a), and hexamethyl silicon oil (HMSO), with an optimized ratio of CF3I to propane. This composition provides a reliable refrigerant that can be used in applications where traditional HFCs are restricted or prohibited. The refrigerant's non-flammability and improved thermal stability make it suitable for automotive refrigeration systems, while its non-toxicity and low toxicity profile eliminate potential environmental hazards.

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A mixed refrigerant and air conditioning system that replaces R290 with a safer, environmentally friendly alternative. The system utilizes a quaternary working fluid comprising fluoroethane, 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, 1,1-difluoroethane, and trifluoromethyl iodide. The components are physically mixed at specific mass ratios in both liquid and gaseous phases, achieving a thermally equivalent performance while significantly reducing flammability compared to R290. The system maintains its volumetric refrigeration capacity through optimized phase equilibria.

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A refrigerant composition for refrigeration systems that achieves equivalent performance, lower global warming potential, and improved flammability characteristics compared to conventional R410A. The composition comprises a 99.5% HFO-1132(E) refrigerant and 62.5% HFO-1123, with the HFO-1132(E) content ranging from 99.5% to 99.8%. The refrigerant composition meets the ASHRAE standards for refrigerant performance, GWP, and flammability. It can be used in conventional refrigeration systems as a working fluid, and its working fluid can be combined with a refrigeration oil for enhanced performance.

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A refrigerant for air conditioning systems that meets stringent environmental and safety requirements while maintaining superior performance. The refrigerant is prepared through a novel physical mixing process that combines a low-GWP working fluid with a safety-enhancing additive, achieving a GWP of 0 and Class 1 flammability. This innovative approach enables the creation of a refrigerant with both environmental protection and enhanced safety characteristics, making it an ideal replacement for existing HFC-based refrigerants like R290.

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Refrigerant compositions for refrigeration systems that replace R404A and R507 while maintaining non-flammability and low toxicity. The compositions contain hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) with global warming potentials (GWP) below 2000 in an integrated time horizon of 100 years and minimal ozone depletion potential. These HFCs, particularly those with GWP around 2000, are formulated to meet the requirements of refrigeration systems operating on both conventional and Lorentz cycles. The compositions enable the replacement of traditional R404A and R507 refrigerants without requiring system modifications, while ensuring reliable oil return and system performance.

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A non-flammable refrigerant for automotive air conditioning systems that achieves high efficiency through a novel additive composition. The refrigerant combines 25.5-40.5 parts of methylphenyl silicone oil with 0.1-0.5 parts of hexamethyl silicon oil, achieving 20-30% higher cooling and heating efficiencies compared to conventional R-134a. This composition enables reliable operation in automotive air conditioning systems, particularly in heat pump applications, while maintaining safety characteristics.

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Non-flammable refrigerant compositions comprising difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, and carbon dioxide achieve performance comparable to R-22 and R-410A while meeting stringent environmental regulations. The compositions exhibit zero ozone depletion potential and low global warming potential, with a weighted average GWP less than 1000. The compositions also maintain non-flammability under leakage conditions, making them suitable for applications requiring non-flammable refrigerants.

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