Steady Power Output in Wind Turbines

ABSTRACT In the present paper, a reinforcement learning (RL)based faulttolerant control scheme is developed for variablespeed wind turbines in event of actuator faults and disturbance torque. The designed controller law an aggregate two subcontrollers: equivalent to achieve maximum power capture RLbased robust mitigate impacts development RL controller, estimated fault term from observer utilized create adequate cost function so that rejection problem can be transformed into optimal problem. Then, by using online policy iteration algorithm minimize function, derived. stability closedloop system guaranteed via Lyapunov theorem. Simulation results demonstrate effectiveness proposed method compared some existing results.

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This paper investigates the performance of a five-phase silicon carbide (SiC)-based current-source converter (CSC) integrated with Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) for wind energy applications. The study explores both healthy and faulty operation, focusing on system behavior under transient conditions various load scenarios in stand-alone mode. A novel space vector PWM strategy dual coordinate planes is introduced, which enables stable control during normal open-phase fault conditions. Experimental results demonstrate improved stator voltage current quality, particularly terms reduced Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), compared to traditional voltage-source converter-based systems. Furthermore, maintains operational stability single-phase open fault, despite increased oscillations quantities. highlight potential CSC-DFIG systems as robust efficient alternative power plants, configurations involving long cable connections requiring low generator losses. Future work will focus enhancing fault-tolerant capabilities expanding strategies different operating

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A floating offshore wind power system that reduces yaw motion to improve power generation efficiency. The system uses a triangular floating body with three columns connected by pontoons. The wind turbine is mounted on one column. The mooring lines connecting the floating body to the seabed form a Y shape when viewed from above, reducing yaw motion compared to conventional X-shaped moorings.

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Floating offshore wind turbine platform with multi-frequency adaptive vibration damping to mitigate the complex motion of floating platforms in deep water. The platform has internal compartments filled with water to form tuned liquid dampers (TLDs). The compartments are divided and sized to match different vibration frequencies of the platform. Water depth and mass ratios are optimized for each TLD. Inside the compartments, perforated damping baffles further enhance the water sloshing damping. This allows broadband vibration damping across multiple frequencies for better response to the diverse motion of floating wind turbines in deep water.

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Optimizing power generation and storage in wind turbines to maximize energy delivery to the grid. The method involves charging the turbine's energy storage system only when the turbine can generate more power than needed to deliver the maximum amount via the grid. This allows the turbine to continue exporting power at the maximum limit while simultaneously charging the battery. It leverages times when the turbine can exceed the grid's maximum demand.

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Abstract. We present an active wind farm power control (APC) algorithm that operates turbines to maximize their availability and robustly track a reference signal in the presence of turbulent lulls. The operational setpoints are optimized with augmented version FLORIS combines induction wake steering deflect low-momentum wakes increase margins. also features proportional-integral closed loop inspired by literature correct potential errors deriving from offline calculation setpoints. First, we demonstrate methodology steady-state conditions, showing how is increased mitigating interactions. observe particularly effective conditions strong impingement, occurring scenarios high demand for particular layouts. Later, considering two layouts, compare performance three state-of-the-art APC formulations unsteady using large-eddy simulations coupled actuator line method (LES-ALM). show occurrence treatment local, temporary instances unavailability (saturations) dramatically affect tracking accuracy. proposed yields superior due margins limit saturation events. Additionally, this achieved redu... Read More

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Variable swept area wind turbine design to increase efficiency by moving the blade sweep area to capture more energy at higher wind speeds. The swept area is dynamically adjusted based on wind speed using actuators like ballasts, mooring lines, or towers. This allows optimizing the blade position for maximum power extraction at different wind speeds. The swept area expansion at high wind speeds captures more energy as the faster wind passes through the larger area. The swept area contraction at low wind speeds reduces power consumption. The turbine also coordinates motion with nearby turbines to avoid wakes.

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Wind turbine control system that reduces loads on the blades and tower during severe wind gusts. The system uses a change element, like a differentiator, to process blade bending moment data. This processed data is then used to control the turbine's rotation speed and power output. By quickly responding to blade bending changes, it allows the turbine to better mitigate load spikes during gusts compared to conventional PI controllers. This helps prevent overspeed and excessive loads on the blades and tower.

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Reducing farm-level power oscillations in the grid induced by a wind farm by implementing a phase-shifting control scheme to maintain the farm-level oscillations below a threshold. The method involves determining the individual power oscillations from each wind turbine, calculating the farm-level oscillation, and then selectively shifting phases of some turbines to cancel out the farm-level oscillation. This is done iteratively to balance the turbines until oscillations are below the threshold.

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Controlling active damping in wind turbines to avoid grid destabilization during rapid power changes. The method involves dynamically adjusting the amount of active damping applied to the turbine based on the change in power reference. When the power reference is changing rapidly, less damping is applied, and when it is stable, full damping is used. This prevents excessive damping components from turbines synchronizing and causing grid issues during large power changes. The damping reduction is relative to the reference change to avoid triggering synchronization.

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Against the backdrop of continuously increasing renewable energy penetration, large-scale integration wind power has significantly altered output characteristics generation units. The growing volatility exacerbates complexity frequency regulation, potentially rendering traditional under load shedding (UFLS) strategies inadequate. Investigating methods that leverage regulation capabilities doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) and coordinated demand-side clusters to participate in UFLS holds significant research value for enhancing system stability, reducing curtailment, improving supply reliability. Therefore, this paper proposes an optimized strategy considering integration. response models turbines thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) grid are analyzed, configuration principles implementing systems elaborated. A simulation model incorporating both TCLs is developed, simulations conducted based on operational conditions a regional grid. results demonstrate participation not only ensures security but also reduces curtailment.

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<title>Abstract</title> This paper discusses power control strategy for wind-driven permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) in renewable energy systems. It compares direct (DPC) with field-oriented (FOC), highlighting their impact on efficiency and stability. PMSG is directly coupled to the wind turbine connected electric grid through a system. The stator full-scale back-to-back converter system, consisting of an AC/DC rectifier, DC/DC DC/AC grid-side converter. A 10 MW farm systemis modelled simulated using MATLAB based FOC strategy. System performance evaluated under varying loads anddifferent speeds (15 19 m/s). results - pulse width modulation (PWM) confirm PMSGs effectiveness maintaining stable output, making it reliable choice conversion system (WECS).

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Active system to stabilize a floating wind turbine to improve performance, reduce loads, and prevent oscillations. The system monitors offsets and oscillations in pitch and yaw angles compared to balanced states. It then actuates to bring the turbine back to those states. This provides active stabilization of floating wind turbine motion during operation to prevent unwanted translations, rotations, and oscillations.

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Wind energy is paramount to the European Unions decarbonization and electrification goals. As wind farms expand with larger turbines more powerful generators, conventional greedy control strategies become insufficient. Coordinated approaches are increasingly needed optimize not only power output but also structural loads, supporting longer asset lifetimes enhanced profitability. Despite recent progress, effective implementation of multi-objective farm strategiesespecially those involving yaw-based wake steeringremains limited fragmented. This study addresses this gap through a structured review developments that consider both maximization fatigue load mitigation. Key concepts introduced support interdisciplinary understanding. A comparative analysis studies conducted, highlighting optimization strategies, modelling approaches, fidelity levels. The identifies shift towards surrogate-based frameworks balance computational cost physical realism. reported benefits include gains up 12.5% blade root reductions exceeding 30% under specific scenarios. However, challenges in mo... Read More

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We develop a novel hybrid wind and wave floating platform for applications that require minimum power baseload continuous operation. The consists of three very large pontoons connected with mechanical hinges. downstream pontoon carries 5 MW turbine on deck. Wave energy is extracted trough hinge motion. By computing numerically matrix conversion, assuming mean production the turbine, we evaluate performance platform. Performance gauged by determining periods time when meets threshold, in absent power. assessed locations different wind-wave correlation characteristics: One off coast Spain, one West East Scotland. Although reduces downtime locations, it found has better high density low to intermediate indices. proposed this work enticing offshore run steady state. For example, hydrogen electrolysers, which supply lasting

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ABSTRACT This paper introduces a new control approach that integrates traditional sliding mode with guidance law to create law, (GLSMC), tailored for the mechanical system of threeblade horizontal axis variablespeed wind turbine. A key motivation this study is address common issue chattering phenomenon in existing controllers, reduce stress on drivetrain, achieve faster convergence, and enhance performance energy conversion systems (WECSs). The proposed controller designed boost reliability, availability, efficiency WECSs, particularly under significant speed fluctuations. Simulation results demonstrate technique achieves desired outcomes, including precise tracking, robust stability, reduction, response time, even varying random speeds.

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Optimizing wind turbine control is a major challenge due to variability and nonlinearity. This research seeks improve the performance of turbines by designing developing hybrid intelligent controllers that combine advanced artificial intelligence techniques. A system combining deep neural networks fuzzy logic was implemented optimize efficiency operational stability 3.5 MW turbine. study analyzed several learning models (LSTM, GRU, CNN, ANN, transformers) predict generated power, using data from SCADA system. The structure controller includes inference with 28 rules based on linguistic variables consider speed, direction. Experiments showed hybrid-GRU achieved best balance between predictive computational efficiency, an R2 0.96 12,119.54 predictions per second. GRU excels in overall optimization. confirms controllers effectiveness improving turbines under various operating conditions, contributing significantly field energy.

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Coordinated operation of clusters of wind turbines to improve performance and reliability. The system involves synchronizing turbine operation, braking, and power generation to optimize the cluster as a whole. It involves coordinating turbine loading, blade phase, and braking to balance power output, prevent damage, and conform with grid requirements. The cluster is treated as a single system with coordinated control to leverage benefits of clustering like aerodynamic coupling.

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Vertical axis wind turbine with blades that precisely and simultaneously adjust their angle of attack throughout a full rotation based on the relative wind direction. This provides maximum lift at all times for optimal power generation compared to fixed blade angles. The blade angle adjustment mechanism uses a wind vane to observe wind direction and adjusts each blade's angle accordingly. This improves efficiency compared to horizontal axis turbines that can't change blade angles during rotation.

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Stabilizing wind turbines using tether cables attached to an intermediate interface module between the lower and upper sections of the tower. The module has ears that connect to the cables and bores aligned with the tower section through-holes. Threaded fasteners secure the module to the lower section. This allows tensioning the cables before attaching the upper section. The cables stabilize the tower by providing additional load support beyond the tower's self-weight. The module provides a convenient attachment point for the cables and avoids tower modifications.

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