Biodegradable Coating Materials for Sustainable Packaging Solutions

"Long-term enhancement of food stability using encapsulation-based coating" is a comprehensive exploration of encapsulation techniques' vital role in enhancing food processing and preservation. This book discusses the mechanisms and applications of encapsulation for preventing food deterioration, stabilizing food products, and ensuring their safety and quality. After briefly introducing edible coatings and food safety, this chapter explains encapsulation techniques and their significance in the food industry. Readers will gain insights into appropriate encapsulation materials for various food applications, enabling the formulation of efficient and targeted encapsulation strategies. The second section focuses on the mechanisms of encapsulation for preventing food deterioration. By addressing the underlying causes of food spoilage, including oxidation, moisture uptake, and enzymatic reactions, this section clarifies how encapsulation-based coatings act as protective barriers, thereby effectively limiting these deterioration mechanisms. Research-based case studies are examples of the su... Read More

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This chapter focuses on the application of biopolymer-based edible coatings and films in food packaging and preservation. It addresses the environmental concerns associated with conventional plastic packaging and highlights biopolymers as sustainable alternatives. The study explores various biopolymers, their properties, and their incorporation of bioactive compounds. Different methods of film formation and their impact on food attributes are discussed, along with challenges in implementation. Another innovative method that has shown to offer a safe and advantageous way to extend the shelf life of food products is edible coatings. This coating enhances the quality and extends the shelf life of minimally processed fruits, vegetables, and other food products. It has multiple applications in this regard. The use of these materials in food applicationsparticularly for highly perishable products like horticultural goodsdepends on a number of particular qualities, such as cost, accessibility, usefulness, mechanical properties (tension and flexibility), optical properties (brightness and ... Read More

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In the current landscape, effective food management poses significant challenges, particularly in ensuring access to healthy, nutritious diets. Proper handling of food materials during post-harvest stages such as harvesting, packaging, transportation, and distribution are crucial for maintaining food quality, with packaging playing a pivotal role in extending the shelf life of perishable goods. However, the widespread use of conventional plastic packaging has detrimental effects on the environment. As a sustainable alternative, edible coatings have emerged as a promising solution for preserving food over extended periods. While these coatings are primarily used to prolong the shelf life of food products, this review delves deeper into the potential of edible coatings from various perspectives. Edible coatings not only offer multiple benefits such as environmental sustainability and improved food preservation but also present certain limitations. This article provides a comprehensive discussion of different types of edible coatings, their respective advantages and disadvantages, and t... Read More

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While packaging is effective in reducing food losses, the increased use of petroleum-based packaging materials negatively impacts the environment. Edible films and coatings are considered a significant alternative in addressing this issue. Starch, due to its abundant presence in nature, biodegradable nature, and cost-effectiveness, is a widely studied biopolymer. However, its mechanical properties and sensitivity to moisture limit its use as a food packaging material. This article, compiles the characteristics, production, and recent studies on starch-based edible films and coatings.

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Food ingredients in general are very sensitive and easily experience quality degradation due to environmental, chemical, biochemical, microbiological, oxygen, water, light and temperature factors. To prevent this damage, the food product is packaged with plastic packaging material. Until now, plastic polymers are the most widely used packaging materials. In Indonesia, the use of plastic packaging materials by the food industry and other food business actors as food packaging has occupied a portion of 80% and 55%. This will of course result in danger to the environment. Packaging with edible coating/film is a relatively new food preservation technique. Research on coating food products with edible coating/film has been widely carried out and has been proven to extend the shelf life and improve the quality of food products. The safest, most potential and most widely researched polymer material for edible coating/film is a renewable organic material based on starch. Starch is a type of polysaccharide from plants that is abundantly available in nature, is biodegradable, easy to obtain an... Read More

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Harvested fruits and vegetables are prone to decay and quality deterioration during storage. Although traditional packaging and chemical treatments are effective, they are harmful to the environment and human health. Hence, higher requirements for food preservation technology are increasingly proposed. Nontoxic, renewable, degradable, and edible packaging for fruits and vegetables has become a research hotspot in recent years. Chitosan, alginate, cellulose, pectin, starch, and other polysaccharides as coating materials have been widely used. Compared with traditional plastic packaging and chemical treatment, these coatings exhibited a better preservation effect and higher safety. In this paper, the preservation mechanism of fruits and vegetables by edible coatings treatment was described, and the research on edible coatings used in fruits and vegetables was summarized. The effects polysaccharide-based edible coatings on physicochemical quality and antimicrobial effect of fruits and vegetables were reviewed.

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Food is a vital component for survival. There is more food because of globalization, urbanization, and population growth. Food safety and storage now face more difficulties as a result. Consequently, food must be preserved using appropriate packing materials. Food may be preserved and its quality enhanced throughout storage, distribution, and transportation with the use of packaging materials. The food sector has made advancements and innovations in food packaging crucial. Food packaging uses a range of materials, including plastics, paper, metal, and glass. The majority of packaging materials are made of non-biodegradable plastics, which are bad for the environment and people's health. In order to replace non-biodegradable plastics with environmentally friendly biodegradable polymers, the food sector is searching for solutions. On the other hand, there is a lack of systematic literature on the topic, thus a systematic summary of the material that is accessible is required. The topic of polymer packaging materials has been thoroughly examined, with a focus on biodegradable plastics. ... Read More

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Biodegradable edible coatings have become a viable alternative for preserving fruits such as strawberries with a high degree of perishability, extending their postharvest shelf life. The study aimed to develop a biodegradable coating based on cassava starch and poly(vinyl alcohol) to extend the shelf life of strawberries at 25 5 C, since no formulations or studies were found at this storage temperature. The formation of the composite was confirmed by the signals in the FTIR spectra. The results demonstrate that the presence of soybean oil and lecithin promotes the rearrangement of polymer bonds, ensuring the availability of hydroxyls. Thus, formulation B obtained a hydrophobic surface, justified by the lower moisture content, water solubility, and water vapor permeability. The new material was applied as a coating to fresh strawberries, delaying the senescence process and extending the shelf life of the strawberries at 25 5 C by 105% compared to the control sample.

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Biodegradable polymers have become a topic of great scientific and industrial interest due to their environmentally friendly nature. For the benefit of the market economy and environment, biodegradable materials should play a more critical role in packaging materials, which currently account for more than 50% of plastic products. However, various challenges remain for biodegradable polymers for practical packaging applications. Particularly pertaining to the poor oxygen/moisture barrier issues, which greatly limit the application of current biodegradable polymers in food packaging. In this review, various strategies for barrier property improvement are summarized, such as chain architecture and crystallinity tailoring, melt blending, multi-layer co-extrusion, surface coating, and nanotechnology. These strategies have also been considered effective ways for overcoming the poor oxygen or water vapor barrier properties of representative biodegradable polymers in mainstream research.

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Although bio-based nanocomposite materials have various packaging options, the future is still evolving. At this point, multifunctional intelligent packaging will replace simple traditional packaging. As the use of synthetic plastics decreases, so does the demand for biodegradable packaging materials. Because of its potential to alleviate environmental issues associated with conventional packaging materials, biodegradable nanocoating for food packaging has seen a significant increase in interest in recent years. This innovative technology offers several perspectives and benefits, including improved food safety, extended shelf life, reduced waste, and enhanced sustainability. The objectives of this chapter are to highlight the latest advancements and research in the field of biodegradable nanocoating and its potential to revolutionize the food packaging industry as well as the advanced development teams about the benefits and potential applications of biodegradable nanocoating in food packaging.

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Edible food wrappers are safe packaging systems that can be consumed with food. Edible packaging developed using natural renewable resources come under the category of bio-based and biodegradable packaging. The main components of edible wrappers include a biopolymer solubilized in a solvent to form film casting solution and certain additives to improve functional characteristics of packaging. Biopolymers are frequently used in food packaging applications due to their flexibility in film formation and biodegradability. The development of green packaging materials utilizing discarded edible materials will be beneficial to confront the challenges associated with traditional packaging systems, attaining sustainability, and fostering recycling in the food industry. Edible food wrappers present a number of benefits over synthetic materials. These packaging systems can replace and possibly strengthen the outside layers of packed items in order to elude moisture loss, flavors, and bioactive components from the foods as well as between them.

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Bio-based and petroleum-based biodegradable coatings: materials, methods, and modifications to improve the performance of polymeric substrates for plastic and paper-based food packaging applications.

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Natural biodegradable polymers serve as a more sustainable and cost effective solution for food packaging compared to synthetic alternatives.

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Food packaging has a pivotal role in transporting, storing, handling and preserving food throughout the distribution chain which is very important for food safety. Food can be easily contaminated by direct contact with physical, chemical and biological contaminants, because of characteristic defects in conventional food packaging materials. Plastic is being used as food packaging material for decades. Plastic can absorb the colour, flavours and smells of the product being contained when food is stored in it. Plastic packing for food is also damaging environmental qualities due to its non-biodegradable and highly polluting nature. The food industry is in great need of an alternative novel, eco-friendly, cost-effective and completely biodegradation, with high biocompatibility and good film-forming properties, resourceful food packaging materials for protection and monitoring of packaged food quality which is feasible only through food safety, in order to resolve degradation problem of plastics. Currently, the food packaging sector is in the expedition of lightweight biodegradable packa... Read More

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This comprehensive review delves into the vital role of edible coatings in extending the shelf life of agricultural and finished food products while advancing sustainability. Such biodegradable, eco-conscious materials stand as a sustainable alternative to traditional food preservation techniques. This paper navigates through the facets of edible coatings, highlighting their origins from green sources and their evolution concerning conventional preservation, the nuanced process of their crafting, and their technological innovations. Additionally, the advantages of natural additives and nanotechnology implementation in enhancing the effectiveness of edible coatings are illustrated and discussed. A thorough exploration of their multiple applications across various foods is provided, with a peculiar focus on their multifaceted advantages. Subsequently, the commercial viability of edible coatings is addressed by detailing their current market presence, challenges in scalability, and primary determinants for their market entry. The regulatory landscape of edible coatings is critically ass... Read More

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Abstract Cheese is one of the most popular and extensively consumed dairy products. It comes in a variety of flavors, textures, shapes and is prone to infection and decomposition. Edible coatings as cheese packaging serve various key functions in the preservation and enhancement of cheese quality, including increasing shelf life, retaining texture, boosting sensory qualities, and lowering plastic waste and environmental impact. In recent decades, the development of edible coatings has witnessed tremendous growth, and it is projected to have a significant impact on the quality of cheese products in the next few years. Novel edible materials and processing methods are of great interest due to their intriguing potential as revolutionary cheese packaging systems. This review summarizes recent trends in adding edible coating to increase the quality and the shelf-life of cheese, plus the functional of edible coating and their application on cheese to reduce the plastic waste and environmental impact.

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<h2>Abstract</h2> This comprehensive review investigates a variety of creative approaches in the field of sustainable food packaging biomaterials in response to growing environmental concerns and the negative effects of traditional plastic packaging. The study carefully looks at new developments in biomaterials, such as biodegradable polymers, ceramics, composites, and metal alloys, in response to the growing need for environmentally suitable substitutes. It highlights how they might replace conventional plastic packaging and lessen environmental damage. Moreover, the incorporation of nanotechnology into packaging is closely examined due to its crucial function in improving barrier qualities, introducing antimicrobial properties, and introducing smart packaging features. The investigation includes edible coatings and films made of biodegradable polymers that offer new sensory experiences in addition to prolonging the shelf life of products. The review emphasizes the use of biomaterials derived from food processing and agricultural waste, supporting environmentally responsible methods... Read More

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In this study, the food coating's bioprotective properties were investigated. Currently, in the food industry, special attention is paid to the creation of fundamentally new packaging materials nontoxic, capable of providing effective protection of the product from microbial contamination, exposure to oxygen in the air, to prevent the drying of the product during storage - including those applied to the surface of the product and eaten with it. The use of protective coatings in the production of meat semi-finished products allows you to improve the quality and appearance, and also allow you to preserve the freshness of meat semi-finished products. The aim of the work is to obtain a food coating with bioprotective properties and extracts of biologically active substances of plant raw materials. As the objects the objects of the study were used secondary collagen-containing raw materials of the meat industry (veins, tendons, fasciae released during the venation of beef in sausage and canning industries), dispersed forms of collagen proteins isolated from animal tissues by directed b... Read More

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During storage and transportation, food packaging is anticipated to maintain the reliability as well as protection of the food material. In the current food packaging industry scenario, nonbiodegradable petroleum-based polymeric materials are widely utilized. But it is a well-known fact that these nonbiodegradable traditional materials pose serious and adverse environmental threats. This subsequently led to numerous researches on environment-friendly packaging materials to substitute the conventional plastic packaging ingredients to overcome disposal problems associated with current-day plastics. Various bio-based polymers like thermoplastic starch (TPS), polybutylene succinate (PBS), and poly-lactic acid (PLA) are the current market capturers for food packaging applications. Alongside, the characteristics of the bio-based polymers can be tailored by reinforcing micro and/or nanoparticles as fillers which is also the order of current-day research. This paved way for biopolymer/filler composites which could be readily employed for food packaging applications. This chapter comprehensiv... Read More

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In the past years, consumers have increased their interest in buying healthier food products, rejecting those products with more additives and giving preference to the fresh ones. Moreover, the current environmental situation has made society more aware of the importance of reducing the production of plastic and food waste. In this way and considering the food industrys need to reduce food spoilage along the food chain, edible coatings have been considered eco-friendly food packaging that can replace traditional plastic packaging, providing an improvement in the products shelf life. Edible coatings are thin layers applied straight onto the food materials surface that are made of biopolymers that usually incorporate other elements, such as nanoparticles or essential oils, to improve their physicochemical properties. These materials must provide a barrier that can prevent the passage of water vapor and other gasses, microbial growth, moisture loss, and oxidation so shelf life can be extended. The aim of this review was to compile the current data available to give a global vision of... Read More

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