Nanomaterial Based Chitosan Film for Packaging

An edible film for food preservation made from a blend of chitosan and aloe vera extract. The film contains at least 90% of a mixture of chitosan and aloe vera extract. The film provides improved properties for food packaging, such as better barrier properties, due to the blend. The aloe vera helps optimize water vapor permeability, while chitosan provides antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The film can be made by mixing the chitosan solution with aloe vera gel and casting it into a film. The film is then dried to form the edible preservation film.

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A hydrophobic bioplastic film for multiple uses, comprising a bioplastic film made from chitosan biopolymer and coated with hydrophobic nanoparticles, exhibiting improved water resistance, mechanical strength, and biodegradability compared to conventional bioplastics and petroleum-based plastics.

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Preparation of high-barrier antibacterial flame-retardant food packaging films using a chitosan quaternary ammonium salt/phytic acid polyelectrolyte (HTPA) added to a PVA matrix. The HTPA provides antibacterial properties from the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt and flame retardancy from the phytic acid. Adding the HTPA improves the PVA's flame resistance and antibacterial properties compared to the PVA alone. The films have excellent oxygen barrier, antibacterial effectiveness against E. coli and S. aureus, and flame retardancy with high LOI values.

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The development of an effective food packaging material is essential for safeguarding against infections and preventing chemical, physical, and biological changes during food storage and transportation. In the present study, we successfully synthesized an innovative food packaging material by combining chitosan (CH), nanocellulose (NC), and a gallic acid-based metal-organic framework (MOF). The CH films were prepared using different concentrations of NC (5 and 10%) and MOFs (1.5, 2.5, and 5%). Various properties of prepared films, including water solubility (WS), moisture content (MC), swelling degree, oxygen permeability, water vapor permeability (WVP), mechanical property, color analysis, and light transmittance, were studied. The chitosan film with a 5% NC and 1.5% MOF (CH-5% NC-1.5% MOF) exhibited the least water solubility, moisture content, and water vapor permeability, indicating the overall stability of the film. Additionally, this film demonstrated low oxygen permeability, as indicated by a peroxide value of 18.911 4.009, ensuring the effective preservation of packaged con... Read More

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A coating composition for medical and food packaging surfaces that provides antiviral and antimicrobial protection against a broad spectrum of pathogens, including COVID-19. The composition comprises chitin nanofibers and silver-chitosan or silver-copper-chitosan, which can be applied to various substrates to create a barrier that prevents transmission of infectious agents while maintaining oxygen and water vapor barrier properties.

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In recent advancements, the development of smart packaging systems for food has focused on utilizing composite materials to enhance functionality and sustainability. In this study, the composite film from chitosan and PVA was combined at various concentrations (ranging from 0.1% to 0.5%) with the addition of Cu(500mM) and 1% STPP at a 5:1 ratio. An additional indicator was included to detect fish spoilage. The synthesized chitosan material was then blended with PVA to form a composite film. The film was characterized using FTIR, which confirmed the presence of fingerprint vibrations indicating the cross-linking between TPP, chitosan, and Cu. These bonds were observed at wave numbers 1118 cm-1, 879 cm-1, and 603 cm-1. SEM analysis revealed that the film had particle sizes ranging from 865 nm to 1.49 m. XRD analysis showed distinctive features of pure chitosan and chitosan composite. The composite film K-05 produced an amorphous structure, indicating decreased crystallinity due to the addition of STPP and Cu. The water uptake test demonstrated that an increased concentration of chitos... Read More

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Abstract The chitosan-based film, a cling film commonly used with wide application potential, is the focus of this research. Chitosan, a molecule that readily binds with other molecules, possesses the capability to enhance the physicochemical properties of the film when combined with other active substances. The progress made in enhancing the properties of chitosan-based film through the incorporation of other substances is a significant area of investigation. In this article, examples of improved mechanical, antioxidant, barrier, and water uptake properties are listed and discussed. Furthermore, the preparation method of chitosan-based film is thoroughly examined. Ultimately, the synthesis of the application of chitosan-based film in food preservation is presented.

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Bioactive nanocomposite film for active food packaging made from thermoplastic starch, bacterial cellulose, and gallic acid. The film has enhanced properties like mechanical strength, water resistance, oxygen barrier, UV blocking, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity compared to pure starch films. The nanocomposite films can be used as sustainable, environmentally friendly, active packaging for food products to extend shelf life and preserve quality.

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Chitosan can serve as a natural alternative to petroleum-based components in food packaging; however, the mechanical and barrier properties of pure chitosan film possess certain limitations. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the mechanical and barrier properties of composite films formed by combining chitosan-based films with plasticizers, polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids. These composite films often exhibit superior mechanical strength and enhanced barrier performance compared to pure chitosan film, thereby expanding the potential applications of chitosan in food packaging. Chitosan represents an ideal raw material for developing innovative biofilms that can cater to diverse packaging requirements for various food products while offering promising prospects for broad application.

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Biodegradable composites for packaging applications with low oxygen and water vapor barrier properties to replace petroleum-based plastics. The composites contain cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and chitin (Ch) with controlled chitin acetylation levels. The composites have oxygen permeability below 4 cm3 pm m2 d1 kPa1 and water vapor transmission rate below 18 g mm m2 d1 at 23°C, 50% RH. The method involves mixing CNC suspension with chitin solution, coating, drying, and optionally heat treating. The low DA chitin provides better barrier properties compared to higher DA chitin.

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This review presents a summary of plastic films made from two abundant natural polymers, starch and chitosan. Films possess many useful attributes such as transparency, good physical strength, and barrier properties. Modifications are being investigated to improve the properties of the product such as reinforcement with nanoparticles, strengthening by cross-linking, and applying surface coatings to improve interfacial properties. We provide perspectives on the use of starch chitosan films as a biobased, biodegradable food packaging material. Additionally, a detailed life-cycle assessment compares the production of chitosan-based polymers to other bioplastics and petroleum-based alternatives. Finally, we predict which factors will be important in the future for making the production of chitosan films economically and environmentally sustainable.

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Composite films based on chitosan (CS) incorporating

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Recently there has been a continuous rise in research work on biopolymer-based nanocomposite films in active food packaging regimes. Moreover, it has been well established that bio-based polymers are more favorable than conventional ones. To improve the physical properties and exert functional properties in bio-based packaging systems, nanofillers have emerged as potential candidates. Among the various nanofillers used, chitosan and chitin are paid a lot of attention nowadays. This is owing to the good physical and functional properties of the chitosan/chitin-based nanofillers. The incorporation of chitosan/chitin nanofillers not only improves the mechanical and barrier performance of the films but also shows antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Moreover, the functional properties of the chitosan/chitin nanofillers can be tuned and modified by adding additional materials like essential oils, plant extract, etc. Thus, recently, various types of chitosan/chitin nanofillers alone or combined with other bioactive agents have been utilized in the production of bionanocomposite films fo... Read More

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The demand for eco-friendly and natural food packaging materials has sparked considerable interest in the research and development of sustainable active packaging materials. In this study, a chitosan-based film was developed using glycerol as a plasticiser, chitooligosaccharide (COS) as an additive, and gallic acid as a cross-linking agent. The physical, barrier, mechanical, morphological, thermal, and functional properties of fabricated films were measured. The bio-composite film showed significantly lower moisture content (from 24.28 to 17.01%), water solubility (from 41.56% to 31.03%), water vapour permeability (14.63 to 9.79 109 gm1s1Pa1), and light transmittance (from 63.67% to 21.71%) compared to neat chitosan film. Furthermore, the bio-composite film exhibited higher tensile strength (57.66 MPa) and elongation at break (88.76%), smooth microstructure, strong DPPH and ABTS radicals scavenging capacity, and good antimicrobial activity towards E. coli, L. innocua, and S. cerevisiae, and non-toxic to HaCaT cells indicating promising potential for use in sustainable active fo... Read More

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Food packaging is an essential part of food transportation, storage and preservation. Biodegradable biopolymers are a significant direction for the future development of food packaging materials. As a natural biological polysaccharide, chitosan has been widely concerned by researchers in the field of food packaging due to its excellent film-forming property, good antibacterial property and designability. Thus, the application research of chitosan-based food packaging films, coatings and aerogels has been greatly developed. In this review, recent advances on chitosan-based food packaging materials are summarized. Firstly, the development background of chitosan-based packaging materials was described, and then chitosan itself was introduced. In addition, the design, preparation and applications of films, coatings and aerogels in chitosan-based packaging for food preservation were discussed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each research in the development of chitosan-based packaging materials were analyzed. Finally, the application prospects, challenges and suggestions for solvi... Read More

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Chitosan (CS)-based ternary bionanocomposite materials have applications in the food packaging industry owing to their excellent properties. We fabricated chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/graphene oxide (CS/PVA/GO) ternary bionanocomposites for food packaging using an environmentally friendly approach involving solution casting and solvent evaporation method. The physiochemical characteristics of the prepared ternary bionanocomposite films were elucidated using FTIR, Raman, XRD, TGA, DSC, FE-SEM, UVvisible, PL, and CD analysis. The viability assay revealed that the bio-based nanocomposite films are superior to native CS and PVA films. Water uptake and porosity of bionanocomposite films were evaluated. Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) were used to evaluate the shelf-life-enhancing capability of the CS/PVA/GO composite. The results indicate that the biocompatible and eco-friendly CS/PVA/GO bionanocomposites are promising for food packaging applications.

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Abstract This study aims to investigate the dual effects of (3aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES)graftedGO (AgGO), and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) on the novel chitosan (CS) packaging nanocomposite films developed via the solutioncasting method. The chemical properties of GO and AgGO were assessed using FTIR and XRD. Subsequently, the chemical, structural, and physical attributes of all chitosan packaging nanocomposite films were analyzed through FTIR, XRD, TGA, DSC, AFM, water contact angle analysis, and food packaging tests. Successful silanization of GO by APTES was first confirmed. The highest surface roughness value was observed in the CS/AgGO/TiO 2 film (16.574 nm) compared to pristine CS and other nanocomposite films. Incorporating GO into the CS matrix improved its thermal stability, suggesting robust bonding between GO and the polymer matrix. The addition of AgGO slightly decreased the contact angle value (107.7 for CS/AgGO), whereas TiO 2 increased contact angles (117.3 for CS/GO/TiO 2 and 119.4 for CS/AgGO/TiO 2 ), suggesting a more hydrophilic structure w... Read More

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Chitosan (Cs) being a natural biopolymer serves as an excellent template to construct active packaging materials for achieving sustainable development. In this study, Cs was chemically modified via epoxide ring opening click reaction using vinyl epoxide to obtain a novel chitosan vinyl epoxide (Cs-VE) derivative with hydroxyl and olefinic functional groups. The Cs-VE transparent film was fabricated through the eco-friendly solution casting technique. A meticulous investigation into the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of the synthesized films was conducted using FT-IR,

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This research paper presents a comprehensive investigation into developing biodegradable films for food packaging applications using chitosan (CN) in conjunction with three distinct types of cellulose (CE), each characterized by varying viscosities. The primary objective was to assess the influence of cellulose viscosity on the physical, mechanical, and barrier properties of the resulting films. The medium-viscosity cellulose imparted numerous advantageous qualities to the biodegradable films. These films exhibited optimal thickness (31 m), ensuring versatility in food packaging while maintaining favorable mechanical properties, blending strength, and flexibility. Also, medium-viscosity cellulose significantly improved the films' barrier performance, particularly regarding oxygen permeability [1.80 106 (g.mm.m2. s1)]. Furthermore, the medium-viscosity cellulose contributed to superior moisture-related properties, including reduced water vapor permeability [14.80 109 (g.mm.m2. s1. Pa1)], moisture content (13.22 %), and water solubility (22.87 %), while maintaining an appro... Read More

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The edible film is a thin layer that functions as food packaging or coating and can be eaten with the packaged product. Edible film derived from nutmeg pectin can produce a smooth surface and high elasticity, but the water absorption rate is faster so it is necessary to add other materials that can improve these physical properties, such as chitosan. The solubility of chitosan against some solvents needs to be researched to produce the edible film. This study aims to find the edible characterization of pectin-sago and chitosan composite films, with the use of different chitosan solvents. The use of citric acid and an alcohol solution for chitosan in the composite film nutmeg, chitosan, and sago had no significant effect on the edible films thickness, solubility, elongation, and color. The treatment of 0.4 g of chitosan (in citric acid solvent) and 1.2 g of CaCl2 concentration has a thickness of 0.143 mm, an elongation of 20 N/m2, and a solubility of 99.99%. The treatment at a concentration of 0.6 g of chitosan (in alcohol solvent) and 1.4 g of CaCl2 has a thickness of 0.180 mm, an e... Read More

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