Thrombosis Prevention in Prosthetic Heart Valves

An integrated artificial heart valve with improved biocompatibility and strength compared to conventional valves. The valve is prepared by electrospinning a polymer solution to form the valve stent, and then implanting natural biological material into the electrospun stent. This integrates the benefits of polymer valves like durability with the biocompatibility of natural tissue. The polymer stent provides mechanical support and the natural material promotes tissue integration. This avoids the need for lifelong anticoagulants and reduces calcification compared to mechanical valves, while improving durability compared to biological valves.

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Implantable prosthetic heart valve design with features to improve explantability and reduce complications. The valve has a skirt around the valve body that allows tissue ingrowth. This skirt is porous to promote tissue ingrowth. An inner thromboresistant skirt contacts the heart tissue to prevent thrombus formation. The prosthetic leaflets are attached to the valve body with bioresorbable couplers. This allows the skirt to separate and detach from the leaflets when the couplers dissolve, making explant easier. The bioresorbable couplers also allow the skirt to separate from the leaflets after implantation if needed.

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Prosthetic heart valve design to reduce the risk of blood clots by preventing tissue ingrowth onto the valve leaflets. The valve has an inner skirt that covers the annular frame and extends between the leaflets. The skirt material is selected to prevent cellular ingrowth when implanted. This prevents tissue from growing onto the leaflets, reducing the risk of blood clots forming on the valve surface. The skirt is also sutured to the leaflet pointed edges to further prevent tissue ingrowth. The skirt design and suturing technique help integrate the valve into the patient's tissue without promoting tissue growth onto the leaflets.

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Bionic heart valve made from a porcine pericardium that has been modified to improve blood compatibility, endothelialization, and reduce inflammation and calcification. The valve is crosslinked with glutaraldehyde like conventional valves, but then further functionalized. First, adipic dihydrazide is added to the valve surface to introduce amino groups. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is then added to form an extracellular matrix-like structure. This improves blood compatibility and promotes endothelialization. P-aminophenylboronic acid is added to CS-modified valves to form boronic acid ester bonds with glycyrrhizic acid (GA). This allows GA release in response to inflammation, providing anti-inflammatory and anti-calcification effects. The modified valve

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Prosthetic heart valves with reduced risk of thrombosis. The valves have hermetic layers on the skirts and a unique leaflet design to prevent tissue ingrowth and abnormal leaflet motion. The inner skirt prevents cells from growing onto the leaflets. The leaflets have curved cusp edges and parallel tabs to reduce stasis. This avoids tissue ingrowth onto the leaflets and reduces thrombosis from abnormal leaflet motion.

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Prosthetic heart valve design to mitigate blood stasis and reduce fluttering of the leaflets. The valve has openings in the inner wall that redirect blood flow away from the main passage. This reduces the volumetric flow rate below a threshold to prevent fluttering. The redirected flow has a component normal to the main flow to prevent stagnation. The openings are positioned to flush valve surfaces and promote laminar flow. The flow fields are shaped to have low Reynolds numbers to prevent turbulence. This reduces shear stress below thresholds for platelet activation and hemolysis.

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Polymer composite heart valve with improved durability, seal, and thrombus resistance compared to existing valves. The valve has a frosted surface support, a three-layer polymer valve with modified inner and outer skirts, and a spacer. The three-layer valve is made by stacking films with specific properties, such as modulus, water contact angle, and platelet adhesion, and treating the inner and outer skirts to prevent thrombus. The frosted support provides a rough surface for tissue ingrowth. The spacer between the valve and tissue prevents paravalvular leakage. The valve is prepared by vacuum pressing the stacked films at controlled temperatures.

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Prosthetic heart valve design to improve implantation and sealing while reducing complications like leakage, migration, impingement, and conduction disruption. The valve has a collapsible stent body with expandable annulus region. The cuff surrounds the annulus and has features like pleats, biasing elements, and movable portions to better conform to irregular native tissue during expansion. The cuff can also have pockets to expand against tissue. These design elements aim to provide adequate sealing without excessive radial force on the native valve annulus.

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Implantable prosthetic heart valve with a skirt that allows tissue ingrowth for anchoring and sealing while the inner surface is thromboresistant to prevent leaflet attachment. The skirt has an outer layer for tissue ingrowth and an inner layer for thromboresistance. This allows the skirt to anchor and seal in the native valve annulus while preventing excessive tissue growth inside the valve flow channel. The skirt also has bioresorbable couplers connecting it to the valve leaflets. When the couplers dissolve, the skirt separates leaving just the thromboresistant inner layer. This facilitates explant by avoiding the need for surgical cutting.

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Modified cross-linked biological heart valves with improved anticoagulation, anti-calcification, and endothelialization properties. The valves are made by grafting heparin onto a decellularized animal pericardium using sulfonated chitosan as an intermediate. The sulfonated chitosan enhances the grafting rate of heparin compared to direct heparin modification. The modified valves have reduced thrombosis, calcification, and improved endothelial cell growth compared to standard glutaraldehyde-crosslinked valves.

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A synthetic valve membrane for use in prosthetic heart valves that promotes tissue ingrowth to prevent complications like thrombus formation. The membrane has a porous structure made of a stretched fluoropolymer like ePTFE, with pores filled by an elastomeric material. The membrane can also have a tissue inward growth curtain adhered to the underlying membrane base. The curtain contains pores filled with an absorbable filler material. The membrane is fixed to the valve frame to encourage tissue ingrowth across the frame and membrane interfaces.

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Prosthetic heart valve with a unique leaflet attachment method that reduces thrombus formation and eliminates the need for fabric components. The leaflets are attached to the frame using a primary suture threaded through the cusp end and a secondary suture that wraps around the struts and forms self-tightening constructs. The primary suture tracks the cusp edge shape. This allows direct attachment of the leaflets to the frame struts without intermediate fabric layers that can promote tissue ingrowth. The secondary suture forms loops and knots around the struts to secure the leaflets.

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Heart valve replacement prosthesis for minimally invasive treatment of aortic valve stenosis and insufficiency. The prosthesis has a collapsible expandable stent and a valve component. The stent has alignment features like feelers to engage with native cusps and commissure alignment means. The valve component has specific cell distribution and aspect ratios in the inflow and outflow regions. This design aims to mimic native valve anatomy and alignment for better implantation and long-term performance compared to prior prostheses.

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Bioprosthetic heart and venous valves with improved thrombosis and calcification resistance for transcatheter implantation. The valves have a biological tissue leaflet coated with a crosslinked functional material. The coating is made by modifying the biological tissue with an active group and a functional molecule that can copolymerize. This provides anti-coagulation and anti-calcification properties. The crosslinking prevents thrombosis by reducing protein adhesion and calcification by dispersing stress. The modified tissue is attached to a stent to form the valve.

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Valved conduit for replacing pulmonary valves that reduces thrombus formation compared to traditional valved conduits. The valve structure is formed by non-mechanically adhering flexible synthetic leaflets to the exterior of the conduit. The leaflets are arranged inside the conduit lumen to open and close like a valve without mechanical attachment. This eliminates potential turbulence, stagnant blood pockets, and suture holes that can promote thrombus formation. The valved conduit can be implanted to replace a native pulmonary valve without pre-clotting or reconstruction.

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A Tesla valve type artificial heart valve that eliminates the need for anticoagulants and has a longer service life compared to conventional mechanical valves. The valve design uses a rotating mechanism with no moving parts that avoids thrombus formation and fatigue issues. The valve consists of a central shaft and a hollow revolving body coaxially connected. Diverter rings inside the revolving cavity guide blood flow in a unidirectional manner. The valve's unique rotating structure provides a continuous blood channel with no valve leaflets or moving parts. The valve can be made from super-lubricating materials or have coatings to reduce thrombus formation.

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Artificial heart valve with composite reinforced structure to improve durability and reduce thrombosis compared to conventional valves. The valve has a middle layer made of woven or knitted silk fabric that provides mechanical strength. One side of the silk fabric is coated with polyacrylate gel to enhance resistance to degradation. The other side is coated with medical polyurethane film to provide smoothness and biocompatibility. The composite structure allows customizable anisotropic mechanical properties while reducing thrombosis compared to homogeneous materials.

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A valve with anti-thrombosis and anti-calcification properties for implantable heart valves. The valve is made by covalently modifying a zwitterionic copolymer on the valve base. The copolymer contains repeating units with a charged amino group and a hydrophobic chain. The copolymer is reacted with the residual aldehyde groups on the valve from crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. This covalently attaches the zwitterionic copolymer to the valve surface, providing anti-thrombosis and anti-calcification properties.

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Heart valve prosthesis with a jacket surrounding the valve frame to improve biocompatibility and reduce thrombus formation. The jacket is made of a composite material with a porous synthetic polymer membrane and filled voids. It covers gaps and interfaces between the frame and leaflets to hide manufacturing imperfections and customize the valve for patients. The composite jacket promotes blood flow and reduces stagnation compared to solid frame surfaces.

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Prosthetic heart valve design that mimics the natural mitral valve shape and avoids turbulent blood flow. The valve has a flexible, unsupported interior surface with integral cusps and commissures. It lacks metal frames or stitches. The valve body, cusps, and annulus are all made of biocompatible synthetic materials. The valve shape and coating options aim to prevent regurgitation, clotting, and infection while providing a long-lasting, laminar blood flow.

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