Increase Inter-Layer Bonding in 3D Printed Parts

A method for 3D printing multi-layer structures with improved interlayer adhesion to prevent delamination. The method involves creating cavities that cross multiple layers during printing and then filling the cavities with a second material to form rivets perpendicular to the layers. The rivets compress the surrounding layers as they cool and contract, increasing adhesion.

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Improving the tensile strength of 3D printed green bodies to prevent damage during transportation and handling prior to fusing. The method involves selectively applying an adhesion promoter containing multihydrazide compounds like adipic dihydrazide to the binder fluid used in 3D printing. The multihydrazide adhesion promoter enhances the bonding between layers of particulate build material when forming the green body.

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Method for manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped object with high adhesion between layers without using solvents. The method involves shaping a first layer, cutting it, heating it to a temperature below the resin's glass transition temperature, and then shaping subsequent layers on top. The heating step increases adhesion between the layers.

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Printing head for 3D printers that improves adhesion between layers of printed objects. The nozzle of the head includes a texturing member that protrudes from the main surface of the printed layer. These protrusions increase the contact surface area between layers, improving adhesion strength. The textured layer interfaces lock together better when subsequent layers are printed on top. The protrusions can be clamping features that grip the next layer.

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A method to improve interlayer adhesion in 3D printed objects made by fused material extrusion, e.g., FDM. The method involves extruding adjacent layers at different temperatures. The temperature difference between layers should be at least 5°C. This sequence of alternating temperatures enhances bonding between layers to improve the overall strength of the printed object. The layers are fused together after extrusion to form the final article.

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A feedstock for additive manufacturing that enables strong interlayer bonding in 3D printed objects. The feedstock contains removable capsules that, when extracted after printing, leave voids on the surface of the solidified layer. The voids are then filled by the next layer's material, forming mechanical interlocks between layers. This provides enhanced adhesion compared to regular printing.

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ABSTRACT In this paper, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) composites reinforced with CFs (20%; 30%, 40% by weight) have been manufactured and fully investigated means of structural, morphological, functional analytical techniques. The structural analyses Xray Diffraction (XRD), Wide Angle Scattering (WAXS) Small (SAXS) revealed nonlinear crystalline disorder in the PEEK matrix induced incorporation different amounts CF. Raman spectroscopy corroborated these findings, showing shifts key vibrational bands associated fillerpolymer interactions disorder. Thermal analysis indicated that obtained maintain high thermal stability (degradation temperature > 540C) slight changes melting behavior crystallinity degree (36 30%) due to CF inclusion. Furthermore, presence filler increases mechanical properties (E 19 GPa, max 170 MPa). According specific rheological properties, CFmodified are suitable for extrusionbased applications, such as 3D printing.

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Innovative multimaterial for additive manufacturing with mechanically robust regions and recyclability. The multimaterial is made by a reaction scheme of thiol-ene, thiol-epoxy, and epoxy-epoxy monomers that can be printed using volumetric additive manufacturing techniques. The resulting material has regions with different mechanical properties due to the chemical composition. The multimaterial also contains urethane bonds that allow recycling by depolymerization using excess thiols.

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Silicone elastomers are widely used in biomedical devices and soft machines because of their compliance, inertness, biocompatibility. Their sol-gel transition during curing enables mold casting layer-by-layer manufacturing, allowing the fabrication fully elastomeric hybrid soft-rigid devices. However, controlling adhesion at material interfaces remains elusive, especially under diverse temperature conditions. This study introduces a framework that relates strength to dimensionless reaction coordinate coupling time temperature. can be predict from bulk fracture adhesive failure, which is crucial create robust with strong interfaces. Using this framework, we fabricated robotic actuators demonstrated 3D printing direct ink writing. The achieved 50% higher curvature same design, 3D-printed parts exhibited over 200% improvement interlayer adhesion. work serves as tool for optimizing interfacial materials across different approaches.

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Three-dimensional printing device that improves layer adhesion by actively cooling the previous layer before dispensing the next one. The device has a movable stage and a print head with a nozzle. After dispensing a layer, the stage moves away from the heater to cool the previous layer. Then, the stage moves closer to the heater again for the next dispensing. This active cooling prevents the previous layer from collapsing when the next layer is dispensed on top.

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Faster 3D printing of stronger parts using a modified extrusion nozzle that allows filling cavities within printed shells. The method involves dispensing material to create walls that define cavities, then contacting the nozzle distal surface to the walls to seal. Material is injected through the nozzle into the sealed cavities. The injected material interlocks with the walls due to variations in cavity width. This provides stronger parts compared to decomposing wide cavities into smaller parallel ones. The modified nozzle allows wider cavity filling. The technique involves planning the shell and cavity geometry for optimal injection.

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In this paper, titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) with complex surface topologies were obtained for the first time using simple procedures applied in laser sintering. Based on and polymethyl methacrylate-like photopolymer resin, a composite material (MPR/TiO2-NPs) 3D printing was created MSLA technology. Products made of containing from 0.001 to 0.1% wt. TiO2-NPs didnt contain internal defects less brittle than resin without nanoparticles. MPR/TiO2-NPs well polished; after polishing, areas variation profile height 10 nm found surfaces. Nanoparticles volume products are apparently unevenly distributed; there alternating micrometer sizes slightly higher lower concentrations Spectroscopy showed that adding developed promoted better polymerization MPR resin. The addition increased its ability generate active forms oxygen damage biomacromolecules. At same time, resulting exhibits significant antibacterial properties doent affect growth reproduction animal cells. can be very effective basis additive manufacturing improved physical chemical balanced biological activity.

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Improving the appearance and structural stability of 3D printed objects with multiple color layers. The method involves stacking thin outer color layers around the thick base layers on each print level, gradually building up the outer shell. This allows higher precision for the outermost parts compared to base layers. The thin outer layers also adhere to the base layers, enhancing bonding. The method avoids protruding edges that can peel.

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ABSTRACT Nanofillers are widely used to enhance the properties of polymeric materials due their small particle size and high specific surface area. In this study, functionalized silicabased Janus nanosheets (JNS) grafted with styreneacrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) chains on one side epoxy groups opposite have been synthesized, termed SANSilicaepoxy JNS, incorporated as modifiers into acrylonitrilebutadienestyrene copolymer/polyethylene terephthalate (ABS/PET) blends for fused deposition modeling (FDM) applications via meltextrusion processing. Compared unmodified blends, ABS/PET addition only 0.5 phr SANsilicaepoxy JNS exhibited significant property enhancements, where melt flow rate was increased by 47.9%, layer adhesion enhanced 115.7%, warpage degree reduced 48.8%. Furthermore, mechanical performance endowed simultaneous optimization, such a 74% increase in impact strength 13% tensile strength. This work introduces strategy developing 3D printing that combine excellent processability superior through interfacial compatibility optimization nanofiller reinfo... Read More

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Additively manufacturing a component with improved uniformity and reduced energy waste by optimizing energy application at each layer. The method involves calculating an energy parameter at the current layer location based on the shape overlap between the new layer and existing part. This parameter is used to determine the optimal amount of energy to apply at that location. By tailoring the energy input based on the geometry of the previous layers, it prevents over- or under-melting and promotes more consistent consolidation.

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Additive Manufacturing (AM) is considered a vital ingredient in Industry 4.0. Its manner of production depositing material on layer-on-layer basis. However, this normally generates undesirable layer lines. A common solution used to address technique known as Vapor Smoothing (VS). VS modern process where chemical vapor produced contact the surface Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) fabricated parts. This would result disruption parts outer layers resulting smoothening its surface. type study has abundant Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)-based research but currently lacks Polylactic Acid (PLA). Roughness only one criteria for good FDM PLA part. Mechanical strength should also be an acceptance criterion. Having said this, characterization such Optical Microscopy with ImageJ processing; and tensile testing via Universal Testing Machine (UTM) were utilized. introduced calculated response roughness can attained without sacrificing too much form S/R ratio. It was identified that optimum smoothing parameters are 55 degrees C exposure time 4-min, we able attain from 10.600 3.999 um whil... Read More

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ABSTRACT Fused deposition modeling (FDM) of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics is a key technology for advanced industrial applications due to its simplicity and costeffectiveness. The properties FDMprinted parts are significantly influenced by printing parameters, necessitating thorough understanding their effects. This study investigates the impact print speed on thermal, structural, chemical, mechanical polylactic acid (CFRPLA), lightweight composite widely used in engineering. Thermal behavior was analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry thermogravimetric analysis. Structural chemical were characterized via xray diffraction Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Tensile testing employed evaluate performance. Results reveal that higher promotes CFRPLA crystallinity but reduces thermal stability degradation resistance. Increased also led decrease stiffness strength (by 29.7% 5.1%, respectively), coupled with enhanced ductility toughness 18.77% 15.4%, attributed presence large air voids fibermatrix debonding, as observed through electron microscopy (SEM). A... Read More

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ABSTRACT Material extrusion additive manufacturing demonstrates considerable potential in fabricating core structures with complex and advanced geometries, which greatly promotes the mechanical performances of sandwich composites. However, interfacial bonding limitations between skin sheets restrict promised superior properties overall This study addresses weak interface issue by innovatively combining mesogrooves submicro GNP addition to form a multiscale enhancement strategy. Measured data from threepoint bending tests revealed that these modifications resulted 28% increase strength 59.2% modulus compared untreated composite structures. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) schematic illustrations further explained underlying mechanisms contributing improved strength. During fused deposition modeling process, were created onto top surfaces shortcarbon fiberfilled ABS (CFABS) core, establishing interlocking textures for continuouscarbon fiber fabric skin. Controlled alignment chopped fibers extending beyond deposited bead boundaries microscale connections epoxy ... Read More

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Deposition Modeling, or FDM, is a popular method for 3D printing technology capable of constructing intricate models purely based on design. Recently, there has been shift towards using FDM mass production purposes due to the evolution materials making it easier create unique products personal and commercial purposes. Particularly, conductive thermoplastic composites are used make sensors electronic parts incorporation into printed structures. Nevertheless, can have some issues such as weak interlayer adhesion among constituent layers, from which mechanical strength objects reduced. In this case, heat treatment procedures aimed at increasing interlaminar shear (ILSS) fiber-reinforced PEEK proposed. Evidence suggests that controlling rates yields robust improvement performance.

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Adhesive bonding is a widely used technique in large-scale composite manufacturing for joining fibre-reinforced laminates. This study introduces an innovative modification to single-lap joint (SLJ) fabrication through co-curing, employing novel interleaved and conventional lamination methods, incorporating untreated 3-Glycidyloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) treated stainless steel 304 wire mesh (SS 304) reinforcement. The investigates the impact of these reinforcements on vibrational shear properties various SLJ configurations, such as Plain (PSLJ), Mesh-reinforced (MSLJ), Interleaved Mesh (IMSLJ), GPTMS-treated (GMSLJ), (GIMSLJ) with 1 wt% glass powder adhesive. Results showed that strength increased by 76.97%, 64.55%, 56.79%, 44.59% GIMSLJ, GMSLJ, IMSLJ, MSLJ, respectively, compared PSLJ (35.72%) pure epoxy SLJ. Furthermore, GIMSLJ GMSLJ adhesive exhibited higher natural frequency other reinforced Fractography revealed incorporation (over layer) mesh, along 1wt% adhesive, enhances interfacial between adherend. Additionally, one-way (ANOVA analysis variance) was performed using J... Read More

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Automatically identifying and correcting defects during 3D printing jobs to improve the bonding strength between layers and overall quality of 3D printed objects. The system monitors the printing process to detect bonding failures, analyzes the defects to determine corrective actions, and performs them during the print job to fix weak points and prevent layer separation. Corrective actions include inserting pins through layers that haven't bonded properly, filling cavities with additional material, and encouraging bonding at predicted weak points prior to printing.

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ABSTRACT The production of nanocomposite parts through the additive manufacturing process has become popular due to its precision in creating complex geometries. This study focuses on predicting tensile strength 3Dprinted nanocomposites with varying print orientations. Filament properties, interlayer adhesion, and porosity serve as model inputs. Finite element modeling shows that adhesion raster path have very little effect part longitudinal, transverse, shear directions. A semiempirical formulation is developed calculate strengths based properties utilized filament feedstock printer. results show a good agreement numerical experimental results. Finally, simple quadratic failure criterion combination classical lamination theory predict for specimens different analytical an excellent observations.

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Multimaterial 3D printing allows for the production of intricate parts with customized mechanical properties, enhancing versatility material extrusion additive manufacturing. Typically, machines are fed commercially available filament feedstock, which limits multiple materials. Hence, this study introduces in-house prepared filaments creating polymer blend structures improved properties. In study, polylactic acid and thermoplastic poly ester urethane (PEU) blends different composition ratios were processed by varying infill densities to evaluate their impacts on thermal, morphological The effects percentage mechanical, thermal behaviour investigated. results indicate that increasing tends significantly increase elastic modulus tensile strength. maximum strain increased as increased. Overall, indicated that, without sacrificing any strength, composite 25% PEU exhibited better toughness than did neat PLA could be printed similarly PLA. Furthermore, scanning electron images revealed had a homogeneous structure fibrillar morphology. These is an effective technique next generation 4D

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This paper is focused on the modification of commercial resin by using biobased fillers during stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing. research aims to create a composite material with matrix made commercially available photosensitive modified filler based secondary raw materials and formed as by-products in processing biological materials. The determines effect different tensile properties hardness samples printed SLA printing, it also investigates their integrity SEM analysis. study evaluate feasibility these for producing 3D-printed parts technology. results this open up new possibilities designing additive 3D-printing technology fillers. Within framework activities, positive an improved interfacial interface between was demonstrated several tested Significant increases strength 22% occurred systems filled cotton flakes (CF), miscanthus (MS), walnut (WN), spruce tree (SB), wheat (WT) eggshells (ES). potential further activities added value shown most bio-fillers. A significant contribution current demonstration mechanical performance natural

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Additive manufacturing of articles using reformable resin feed materials that combine the processing characteristics of thermoplastics with the performance characteristics of thermosets. The feed materials are polymeric, reformable epoxy resins that can be melt processed like thermoplastics but also exhibit epoxy-like properties like rigidity and adhesion. They are made by reacting epoxide-containing reactants with functional groups like amines. The reformable epoxy resin can be extruded, pelletized, or dispersed for additive manufacturing. The materials soften and adhere when heated but remain tack-free at room temperature. This allows layer-by-layer buildup without crosslinking or fusing between layers. The articles can be made by depositing the reformable resin layers on a substrate and selectively bonding dissimilar materials with intermediate layers.

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Polyaryletherketone (PAEK) polymers with specific properties for use in additive manufacturing to improve layer adhesion and mechanical properties of 3D printed parts. The PAEK polymers have a shear viscosity of 145-350 Pa·s at 400°C and 1000 s−1, measured by capillary rheometry. This viscosity range allows the polymer to flow well during printing and not crystallize too quickly, improving mixing between adjacent layers. The polymers also have long isothermal crystallization half-lives of greater than 12 minutes at 280°C, measured by DSC. This slow crystallization rate prevents premature solidification between layers during printing.

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ABSTRACT In this work, polypropylene (PP)based filaments for Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) containing boron nitride (BN) and talc (T) were developed, aiming at formulating multimaterial 3D printed parts showing thermal conductivity balanced mechanical properties. Particularly, skincore structures obtained by localizing BN in the surface layers while confining T core characterized, their properties compared to those of correspondent monomaterial samples. The characterization PP/BN samples revealed a crucial role FFF process inducing higher radial direction specimens as axial one, owing preferential alignment fillers along printing allowing creation continuous conductive paths inplane direction. For structures, it was demonstrated that thermally allows achieving samples; instance, nearly doubled values decreasing number BNcontaining from 15 3. Most importantly, exhibit tensile modulus stress practically identical PP/T samples, despite lower content reinforcing filler presence interfaces between two different composites.

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This study investigates the impact of open time and binder composition on interlayer adhesion in 3D printed cementitious materials. As additive manufacturing (AM) emerges as a transformative tool construction, optimizing layer-to-layer bonding becomes critical for structural safety scalability. We assess how hydration heat rheological behavior various bindersincluding ordinary Portland cement (OPC), fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS)interact with intervals between layer depositions. Findings confirm that delayed deposition weakens adhesion, particularly under high heat. Blended binders offer improved resilience due to moderated kinetics extended workability. work contributes standardizing performance criteria digital construction.

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3D printing method using a pasty polyurethane composition that enables layer-by-layer printing of 3D parts with improved interlayer adhesion and dimensional stability. The pasty composition has a thixotropic viscosity that allows dimensional stability of printed layers without deformation. The composition is radiation and heat curable, with radiation curing providing initial dimensional stability and heat curing providing final thermoset properties. The thixotropy prevents layer collapse during printing, while the dual cure enables good interlayer adhesion.

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Abstract A 3D Benchy was successfully printed using kraft lignin as the primary component of a fused deposition modeling (FDM) filament. The filament produced by compounding (TcC) with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and adding up to 10% micro crystalline cellulose (MCC). compound then extruded into 1.75 mm influence addition MCC on morphological, thermal, rheological, mechanical properties composite studied. Rheological data reveal that increases processable temperature range 10C 190210C. show reduces tensile strength 27.5% while increasing Young's Modulus 40.7%. When printed, ligninbased shows high surface adhesion between layers, resolution dimensional accuracy, along excellent shape retention parts. Highlights Lignin filaments are majority component. is microcrystalline (MCC) assessed High print resolution, post printing

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Abstract Fused filament fabrication (FFF) technology, recognized as a leading 3D printing method for the production of continuous carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymer (CCFRTP) components, has garnered significant attention due to its design flexibility, independence from molds, and capability rapid prototyping complex structures. This paper presents comprehensive analysis review challenges associated with enhancing mechanical properties stemming interfacial bonding issues pore defects in 3Dprinted CCFRTP parts. Specifically, this study thoroughly examines modification techniques pertinent two critical constituents materials: resin matrix reinforcement. It also explores advancements FFF equipment specifically designed alongside current developments related impregnation processes. Furthermore, work introduces an evolution continuum path planning grounded principles structural lightweight while applying topology optimization create anisotropic The influence various process parameters on is analyzed systematically; additionally, processing strategies that incorporate auxiliar... Read More

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Abstract 3D printing, such as fused deposition modeling (FDM), is an advanced shaping technology, employing a layerbylayer process to construct objects. However, the weak interlayer bonding restricts performance and functionality of FDMfabricated parts. Herein, boronate bond exchange utilized enhance mechanical strength enable modular 4D printing polylactic acid (PLA). Blending dynamic system endows PLA with improved adhesion welding capabilities. The blended filaments demonstrate excellent printability, 150% enhancement in Zaxis strength, while nearly unchanged along Xaxis. Moreover, this enhanced facilitates assembly intricate structures, eliminating need for traditional 3Dprinted supports. Combined shape memory effects, diverse possibilities are demonstrated. This strategy highlights potential covalent bonds enhancing not only material but also intelligent designs.

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Abstract The fused deposition modeling or threedimensional (3D) extrusion fabrication of material parts from thermoplastics, including poly(lactic acid) (PLA) usually results in inferior mechanical performance due to weak interlayer bonding compared injection molded parts. In this work, a solventfree, effective, and inexpensive method is developed by incorporating photoinitiators during 3D followed postprocess UV treatment improve the 3Dprinted PLA part's performance. This addresses key challenges printed parts, such as poor toughness sensitivity, while enabling its use highperformance additive manufacturing (AM) processes. UVcuring process enhances PLA's suitability for printing, supporting complex geometries custom designs enhancing crosslinking between adjacent chains, under exposure. solventfree nature aligns with sustainable manufacturing, strengthening role an ecofriendly alternative petroleumbased polymers. A standout result approach 64% improvement tensile properties photoinitiator samples untreated PLA, achieved through UVcuring. advanc... Read More

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3D printer with integrated welding capability to join 3D printed parts during printing. The printer has a movable hot air welding head in addition to the print head. The controller coordinates the movement of both heads to weld parts together as they are being printed. This allows creating complex 3D structures with joined sections made from different materials that can't be 3D printed alone. The hot air welding fuses the melted plastics together.

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Three-dimensional printing compositions with improved properties for additive manufacturing of objects. The compositions contain two coreactive components with functional groups that react with each other. At least one functional group in each component is saturated, without double bonds. This reduces viscosity and reaction rate compared to unsaturated functional groups. The saturated functional groups prevent excessive crosslinking during deposition, allowing better shape retention. The compositions can be used in 3D printing techniques like extrusion or inkjetting to build objects layer by layer. The saturated functional groups enable controlled curing and shape maintenance.

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Device for heat control and accurate welding of dissimilar additively-manufactured parts. The device has a temperature control mechanism with a platform to hold the parts, cooling beneath the LMD part, heating beneath the SLM part, and protective gas spray. It also has a pressing mechanism to prevent deformation during welding. The platform moves, the pressing mechanism folds, and the heating head rotates to optimize welding quality. A supporting mechanism cleans and maintains gap between the parts during welding. This provides precise control of temperature, pressure, and gap during welding to mitigate distortion and improve joint quality in dissimilar additively-manufactured parts.

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Inorganic fiber sizing agent containing cellulose nanofibers and a resin to improve adhesion, falling prevention, and handling properties of fiber-reinforced composites. The sizing agent contains cellulose nanofibers in an amount of 10 ppm to 50,000 ppm by weight when applied to the fiber surface. This improves fiber-matrix adhesion by forming anchor points when the composite is cured, prevents fiber shedding, and enables smoother fiber handling compared to traditional sizing agents.

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Laminated body with high adhesion between a fluorine-based resin layer and a metal layer without using an intermediate layer. The adhesion is improved by performing a plasma treatment on the resin surface, stacking the metal directly on the treated resin, and heating/compressing without allowing the resin to expand excessively. The plasma treatment modifies the resin surface chemistry to increase adhesion. Controlling expansion prevents delamination due to resin tearing.

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Abstract With increased design and manufacturing complexity of required components in various industries, additive composites shows great potential the production nextgeneration lightweight structures. Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is one such method composite where are 3D printed by heating a material above its gel temperature depositing it on previously layers. The fabricated FFF known to be susceptible delamination owing weak interlayer adhesion. This experimental study an attempt understand underlying interlaminar phenomenon FFFprinted endnotched flexure (ENF) specimens subjected modeII loading conditions. industrial printer utilizing micro carbon fiber infused Nylon aka Onyx as base specimen material. Either Onyx, continuous fibers, or Kevlar fibers used interfacial materials for current study. In addition, ENF arms optimally reinforced with preselected layers specimen. first category comprising three different interface configurations aims behavior other (Onyx//Onyx, Onyx//Kevlar, Onyx//carbon). On hand, second (Kevlar//Kevlar, carbon//carbon, Kevlar//carbon).... Read More

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3D printing device with improved void reduction in printed objects. It has a compression unit that applies pressure to the top layer after extrusion to compact the material and reduce voids. This prevents gaps between extrusions and between the top layer and substrate. The compression prevents voids that can weaken and anisotropize printed objects. The compression is done using a surrounding contact surface that compresses the top layer after extrusion.

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Additive manufacturing of metals and ceramics with improved flowability and sintering properties. The process involves coating the powder particles with alternating layers of reactants using atomic layer deposition (ALD) or molecular layer deposition (MLD). The coated particles are then used in additive manufacturing to create green parts. The ALD/MLD coatings improve green part flowability and green part sintering compared to uncoated powders. The coating thickness is around 0.2-5 nm. The coating composition can be metal oxides, metal fluorides, imides, polymers, etc. The ALD/MLD coating layers bond together during sintering to create a dense, cohesive part.

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Abstract A significant challenge in the deployment of 3Dprinted polylactide (PLA) parts is their inadequate interlayer strength. To address this issue, a novel methodology for fabrication fused deposition modeling (FDM) components with continuous carbon fibers aligned building direction has been developed. This approach involves embedding into print path through mechanical traction, enabling complexshaped reinforcements. Tensile testing revealed that incorporation at volume fraction 5.8% significantly enhanced Zdirection strength specimens by 449%. Furthermore, maximum fracture strain observed was 1611.7% greater than control group, and elastic modulus increased to 381% its original value. The study also investigated mechanism enhancement fracture, observing transitions from brittle ductile increasing fiber content. proposed method demonstrated fiberreinforced butterfly arch bridge model specimen, which exhibited 120.5% increase loadbearing capacity compared unreinforced specimen threepoint bending tests. offers promising solution enhancing PLA components, applicati... Read More

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Polysiloxanes with dual curability for 3D printing of silicone parts with improved properties. The polysiloxanes have both alkenyl and (meth)acryloyl functional groups. This allows sequential curing: UV-initiated polymerization of the (meth)acryloyl groups followed by thermal polymerization of the alkenyl groups. The sequential curing provides a resolved, isotropic material with improved mechanical properties compared to simultaneous curing of both groups.

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Activatable material for baffling, adhering, and reinforcing components of articles like vehicles. The material has improved properties like high tensile modulus, strain to failure, and adhesion durability compared to existing materials. It contains polyvinyl butyral, a thermoplastic epoxy, carboxyl-terminated polymer adduct, and optionally other components like polymeric particles, mineral reinforcement, and epoxy resin. The material activates at higher temperatures to form a crosslinked network with improved mechanical properties when heated or exposed to certain conditions.

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High-performance thermoset ink for 3D printing using digital light processing (DLP) and stereolithography (SLA) techniques. The ink contains a bismaleimide-cyanate ester blend that allows 3D printing of thermoset materials with excellent mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties. The bismaleimide provides crosslinking and the cyanate ester acts as a reactive diluent. The bismaleimide-cyanate ester blend enables 3D printing of thermosets with high retention of physical properties like strength and ductility.

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3D printing using bottom-up stereolithography with in-situ layer quality monitoring and control. The method involves using a sensing system to scan the build window with polarized light during printing. Changes in intensity and polarity of the reflected light provide information about the cured layer's properties. This data is used to modify the UV energy imparted to the next layer to optimize curing and prevent issues like incomplete curing or layer separation. The sensing and adjustment are repeated for each layer until the part is printed.

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Additive manufacturing method for fabricating components like 3D printed parts with optimized print parameters for each section of the part instead of using constant parameters for each layer. The method involves dividing the 3D model into sections, slicing each section into layers, and printing the sections with unique parameters like bead width, layer thickness, infill density, etc. This allows customizing printing properties for different areas of the part instead of using the same settings for all layers.

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Low-cost 3D printing using self-assembled molecular monolayers (SAMs) to create ordered and stable 3D structures. The printing involves alternating layers of SAM molecules and metal precursors on a substrate. Crosslinking the SAMs via UV radiation or electrical force stabilizes the layers. This enables controlled 3D printing using solution-based or vapor-based methods. The SAMs provide molecular building blocks for fabrication while the metal layers provide stability. The technique offers a novel approach to create complex 3D structures using self-assembly principles.

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An apparatus for post-curing 3D printed parts using LEDs and vacuum to improve curing properties. The apparatus has a chamber that can be sealed, open, or partially open. LEDs inside the chamber provide curing light. A user interface allows adjusting curing parameters like intensity and duration. A vacuum pump removes air from the chamber. This allows controlled atmosphere curing to optimize part properties. The user can save and recall curing programs. The apparatus also has features like delayed light-vacuum sequences for complex curing profiles.

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Additive manufacturing (3D printing) process for reinforced thermoset polymers that enables high fiber volume content and controlled fiber orientation. The process involves impregnating reinforcement fibers with a two-step curing thermoset resin. The impregnated filament is partially cured at a lower temperature that allows tackiness on the surface. Multiple layers are printed using this tacky filament. Final curing is done at a higher temperature to fully cure the parts. This allows arbitrary processing time with final curing triggered only by reaching the higher temperature.

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