Emergency Drone Landing Systems

Parachute design for rapid deployment in emergency situations, like drone crashes, to quickly lower the vehicle and prevent damage. The parachute has an impact buffer section near the top that absorbs forces during deployment, followed by a lower section with lower elasticity. This allows the parachute to deploy faster by avoiding the initial resistance of the upper section. The lower section then holds the parachute shape after deployment. The parachute can be contained in a device like a rocket launcher or ejection pod that propels it out of the vehicle. This allows quick parachute deployment to prevent falls from low altitudes.

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Precise vehicle locator system using UAVs that can locate a downed UAV even after power loss from the main source. The UAV has a payload physically joined to the fuselage without modifying the structure. The payload contains a communication relay for extending radio range and a separate power source to operate after the main power is cut. This allows the relay and locator to continue functioning when the UAV's avionics are offline.

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Automated method for optimizing flight trajectories of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to prevent crashes in the event of critical failures like loss of power or engine. The method calculates probabilities of crashing into no-crash zones along the flight path, optimizes the trajectory to minimize those risks, and generates a real-time trajectory risk profile. This allows mitigating the consequences of failures by containing the crash risk into designated areas instead of relying on manual geofencing or intuition.

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A method for reliably controlling an autonomous vehicle that can continue functioning even if some modules fail. The method involves dynamically reconfiguring the vehicle's control system in response to module failures to utilize alternative modules. It does this by having redundant modules that can take over for failed modules, and by selecting a behavior mode for the vehicle based on the remaining reliable modules. This allows the vehicle to continue operating with reduced functionality if some modules fail. The behavior modes represent different levels of capability that the vehicle can fall back to based on the available modules.

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A compact, backpack-portable flying system that can safely operate with a failed propeller. The system has multiple propellers, some rotating clockwise and some counterclockwise. If a propeller fails, the remaining propellers adjust speeds to maintain stable flight. This is done by increasing the speed of the opposite-rotating propeller and increasing the speed of the same-rotating propeller more. The net angular momentum from all propellers remains zero. This allows safe flight continuation after a propeller failure.

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Adaptive feature extraction technique for vision-based landing of aerial vehicles like airplanes, helicopters, drones, etc. The technique improves edge detection accuracy by leveraging prior knowledge of the landing area features. It calculates expected edge slope, gradient direction, horizontal and vertical basis kernels, and combines them into a custom kernel. This kernel is then applied to the landing area image to extract the desired edges. This adaptive feature extraction helps filter out false edges and improve detection of landing area features like runway edges and helipad markings.

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In recent years, drones have emerged as critical tools in disaster response due to their rapid deployment, real-time data acquisition capabilities, and ability access hazardous or inaccessible areas. This paper examines the evolution deployment of drone technology scenarios, highlighting role collecting analyzing assess structural damage, locate victims, support rescue operations. Various types drones, including quadcopters ground-based systems, are examined for efficiency different contexts. The integration technologies such thermal imaging, 3D mapping, automated victim detection significantly enhances situational awareness speed. Case studies from past disasters, earthquakes hurricanes, demonstrate practical applications outcomes. Challenges processing bottlenecks, logistic limitations, regulatory gaps, ethical concerns, privacy sensitivity, critically analyzed. study also outlines emerging trends, autonomous decision-making, hydrogen-powered enhanced collaborative mapping systems. research contributes discourse on how can be optimized resilience while maintaining integrity. Keywor... Read More

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This paper introduces an aircraft contingency landing planner that assures safe road-based emergency landings by coordinating air and ground traffic with a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) datalink. Suitable roads within the reachable footprint are extracted from geographical database evaluated initially based on road width, live weather, flow. Then, trajectory is planned for highest total utility, ensuring requesting allocate space V2V link. Initial site utilities augmented metrics, including integrated population density under path, minimum path length constraint derived assured landing, gliding angle. altitude speed impacts potential sites investigated. A use case in Long Island, New York, presented simulation connected Cessna 182 has experienced loss of thrust. Results confirm analytically obtained safety constraints illustrate sequence dense moving at normal speeds. We provide computational cost analysis this case, 71 processed 300 ms laptop computer.

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Ensuring safe avoidance of collisions with moving obstacles during flight requires carrying out several-stage activities. Their scope includes detecting obstacles, identifying the possibilities potential collisions, calculating a trajectory, which is aimed at avoiding obstacles. It important to perform an analysis calculated trajectory in terms its implementation. The paper presents method performing safety using indicator. formulating this indicator and use stage preparing implementing discussed. calculations were carried by solving problem particle swarm optimization (PSO). example maneuvers obtained way was described courses risk level

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System for recovering aerial targets like drones without needing the recovery device to bear the full weight of the target. The system has a hanging rack, a catcher that hangs from the rack, a guide arm to move the catcher, a sensor to monitor the target, and a controller to coordinate the catcher's movement based on the target's position. This allows the catcher to intercept the target without needing to support its weight.

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A flight termination system for unmanned aerial vehicles that allows controlled descent and recovery in case of emergencies. The system uses a latching mechanism with two latches connected by a string. Burn wires can melt the string when activated, separating the latches and releasing a parachute to gently lower the UAV. This provides redundant failsafe parachute deployment capability that can be manually initiated or automatically triggered. The burn wires can be powered by a backup battery to ensure parachute deployment even if main power is lost.

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Protecting unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) from crashing when their positioning systems fail. The method involves determining the UAV's flight state based on its speed before positioning loss, and then adjusting flight protection strategies accordingly. If the UAV was flying slowly before, it enters a low-speed protection mode. If flying fast, it enters a high-speed protection mode. This reduces explosion probability and improves safety after positioning loss compared to the UAV's default flight mode.

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Method to determine the suitability of landing places for drones by considering the effect of ground features on wind during landing. The method involves detecting nearby features in the landing area, estimating the influence of downwash wind hitting and bouncing off those features, and determining if the landing spot is suitable based on the estimated influence. This allows selecting landing spots less likely to have erratic wind patterns due to features in the vicinity.

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A flying vehicle that uses an auxiliary thruster to protect passengers during emergency landings. The thruster burns fuel from the vehicle's fuel cell to generate thrust. During an emergency, the vehicle calculates required thrust to reduce impact forces. It then commands the thruster to burn fuel and eject combustion gases in a perpendicular direction. This auxiliary thrust helps lower impact loads on landing.

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UAV safety system to mitigate damage to people and other UAVs when a UAV experiences a critical failure mid-flight. The system uses onboard sensors to detect flight anomalies indicating failure. If a critical failure is detected, the UAV initiates a controlled descent using a parachute and deactivates the lift generators. This prevents collisions with people and other UAVs. The UAV also transmits its location and alerts nearby UAVs and ground stations to avoid the falling UAV. The system is designed to deploy the parachute rapidly, like in 0.3 seconds, to mitigate damage at low altitudes.

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An electromagnetic landing system for vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft at urban vertiports that uses magnetic force to guide and cushion landings. The vertiport has an elevating platform with coils below that interact with magnets on the aircraft. By applying current to the coils, forces can be generated to align the aircraft, absorb impacts, and lower it. This prevents hard landings and provides controlled descents. The coils also allow charging the aircraft during fastening. The magnetic landing system enables precise, gentle landings at compact vertiports.

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Flight device with redundant propulsion systems to enable safe landing if one system fails. The device has separate primary and backup propulsion systems. In normal flight, both systems operate. If one stops, the other takes over and lands the device. This prevents crashing if a drive source fails mid-flight. The backup system can also generate power from an engine to rotate the primary propellers if they fail. This allows landing with the backup system. The backup control system can also land the device using the backup rotors if the primary control fails.

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Parachute landing system for UAVs that enables controlled deployment of the parachute while maintaining precise control over the landing process. The system integrates with the UAV's flight control system to determine landing conditions and execute the parachute deployment sequence, including stopping the motor, deploying the parachute, and stabilizing it for a predetermined period. This controlled deployment enables precise landing parameters while maintaining flight control authority.

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This paper presents a strategy for collision detection and recovery control of drones using an onboard Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). The algorithm compares the expected response drone with measurements from IMU to identify characterize collisions. controller implements gain scheduling approach, adjusting its parameters based on characteristics drones attitude. Simulations were conducted compare proposed popular method fixed thresholds, simulation results showed that approach outperformed existing in terms accuracy. Furthermore, approaches tested physical experiments custom-built drone. experimental confirmed was able distinguish between actual collisions aggressive flight maneuvers, can recover within 0.8 s.

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Method for safely terminating navigation of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that ensures safe landing even when the UAV deviates from its planned route. The method generates a precise navigation plan for the UAV, which includes a start point, end point, and a virtual tunnel connecting these two points. The UAV executes the navigation plan by following the planned route, and when it reaches the end point, it terminates its flight path by disconnecting power to the propulsion system and deploying a failsafe, such as parachutes or airbags. This approach ensures safe landing even when the UAV deviates from its planned route, providing a failsafe for civilian drone operations.

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Autonomous landing of drones in complex environments using adaptive path planning and deep reinforcement learning. The method selects between local and global path optimization based on perception range. For local optimization, drones plan paths around nearby obstacles. For global optimization, they use perceived frontiers. This improves efficiency by avoiding redundant planning. For landing, a neural network learns to control the drone using reward functions. This increases neural network update efficiency compared to traditional methods.

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Safe landing point search method for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) on unfamiliar terrain using terrain maps and contour lines. The method involves generating contour lines based on a minimum height and interval from a terrain map. Then, it searches for largest empty circles (LECs) with a minimum radius in the contour map. The UAV is provided the LEC with the largest radius as a safe landing spot. This leverages contour lines to find flattest areas without obstructions for UAV landing.

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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), or drones, have become increasingly important in various fields, including aerial photography, delivery services, and surveillance. However, as drone usage has expanded, so the risks related to system failures accidents. Such can result expensive damages even threaten public safety. A promising way address these is by implementing a recovery that uses parachute mechanism. This paper discusses design, development, implementation of parachute-based for drones. It looks into essential components system, such selection, deployment methods, material choices, performance testing. The goal improve safety operations ensuring controlled descents during emergencies, thus minimizing risk crash-related damage.

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Intercepting and controlling drones without damaging them by redirecting them to land using spoofing signals. The method involves detecting unauthorized drones near restricted areas, deploying police drones to intercept them, and transmitting signals to program new flight paths to land. The redirecting signals include spoofing GPS signals to simulate satellite constellations and jamming signals to disable the target drone's controls. The police drones position themselves close to the targets and then transmit the redirect signals to safely guide the intruders to designated landing areas.

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Landing facility for drones that enables safe landings even in strong winds. The facility has a designated landing area with a windbreak part surrounding it. The windbreak part is tall enough to shield the landing area from winds but not so tall that it generates vortexes behind it. This prevents instability during takeoff and landing. A second area beyond the windbreak is where the drone descends to a certain altitude before landing. This allows the drone to transition from windy conditions to calm air near the landing zone.

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Safe landing assistance system for aerial vehicles like drones that provides intuitive displays and alerts to help pilots land accurately in constrained urban environments. The system shows the vehicle's proximity to the landing zone center and time/altitude to touchdown. If the vehicle deviates or runs out of time, it alerts to abort. This allows pilots to adjust orientation and descend until an abort point. After that, it's too late to land safely, so the system computes flight controls to modify the landing.

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A rescue parachute deployment system for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that allows reliable and expedient parachute deployment in emergency situations without damaging the UAV. The system includes a canopy assembly with a bundled canopy and suspension lines, an ejector assembly to launch the canopy through the UAV rotor plane, and a rotor guard to protect the canopy from rotor strikes. An onboard controller determines when to deploy the parachute and triggers the ejector. The guard deploys first, then the canopy. The guard absorbs rotor impacts while the canopy inflates quickly. The compact bundle, interlocking shells, and guide rods protect the canopy during launch.

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Touch-down detection technique for autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that allows them to accurately land on various surfaces without needing tactile force sensors. The technique combines sensor data and a dynamics model to estimate external forces and torques acting on the UAV during landing. This enables the UAV to determine if it's sufficiently supported by a surface, in free fall, etc. The UAV can then respond appropriately for safe landing.

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Moving device that allows drones to easily take off and land, especially in confined spaces. The device has a main body that travels and a detachable landing pad with an adjustable leveling table. When a drone lands on the pad, sensors detect the tilt and the table adjusts to level the drone. This prevents tilting issues when the drone tries to take off or land on an uneven surface. The leveling table allows stable charging of the drone's power source and fluid filling of onboard tanks. It also enables compact unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with internal components like power receivers and fluid devices since they don't need external connections on landing.

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Drone with stable landing and shock absorbing capabilities that can mitigate impact during crashes. The drone has a parachute for primary emergency landing, but if the parachute fails, upper and lower airbags deploy to cushion landing. The drone also has a landing gear with adjustable suspension to prevent ground strikes on uneven surfaces. The landing gear has sensors to detect abnormal flight posture and trigger the airbag deployment. The wing body has foam cushioning to protect against impacts. The drone has a control unit with sensors to monitor flight conditions and communicate wirelessly with a remote controller.

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A device for autonomously returning drones to their starting point in the event of an emergency during flight. The device consists of a parachute, a high-pressure gas propulsion system, and a control system. When an emergency is detected, the parachute opens using gas ejection to deploy the parachute and prevent falls. The control system then calculates a return flight path based on the drone's departure location, flight data, and current position. It uses the high-pressure gas propulsion system to autonomously fly the drone back to the starting point.

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A fixed-wing drone recovery system that allows landing of high-speed drones without runways using a moving recovery platform. The system involves attaching the drone to a carrier vehicle, which moves at a constant speed. The drone catches up, syncs position, and lands on a recovery net. This shortens landing distance, eliminates runways, and improves braking vs fixed runways. The carrier vehicle's motion increases deceleration, and a flexible net reduces impact. The drone and vehicle communicate for real-time coordination.

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Controlling the slow descent of a firefighting drone using an optimized sequence of steps to improve safety and reduce secondary disasters when the drone crashes. The steps are: (1) check if fault level exceeds threshold, (2) check power conditions, (3) adjust drone attitude, (4) stop propellers, (5) open parachute. If power is insufficient, open parachute directly. If flight height is low or fault duration long, open parachute again. This sequence allows controlled descent while preventing propeller damage and reducing crash impact.

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A multi-mode drone with backup power supply for reliable operation and safe landing. The drone has a main power supply and a backup power supply connected to the flight controller. The parachute is connected to the backup power supply. In case of main power failure, the backup power allows the flight controller to continue functioning. This prevents crashes due to power outages. The backup power also enables the GPS to keep working and the drone to be tracked. Additionally, the backup power opens the parachute for safe landing.

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Device for rapid parachute deployment on UAVs to improve recovery safety and reliability. It uses a parachute rocket to quickly pull out and inflate the main parachute. A top parachute attaches to the rocket and helps straighten the main parachute. After a delay, the rocket separates. A cutter releases the main parachute. This avoids long parachute opening times and allows emergency recovery. A towing parachute inflates the main parachute faster. The UAV body lands horizontally and separates from the main parachute.

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A safe and lightweight parachute landing method for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that allows landing in open areas without requiring additional weight from wheels or belly landing gear. The method involves automatically deploying a parachute when conditions indicate a safe landing. The UAV's motor stops spinning the propellers before parachute deployment. This ensures the UAV is stationary before the parachute opens. The parachute is then deployed after a brief delay to allow the UAV to come to a complete stop. The parachute landing system uses onboard sensors to detect flight parameters like speed, wind, and altitude to determine when to deploy the parachute.

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Device to protect and locate out-of-control drones by using a modular housing with parachute, sensors, and positioning modules. The parachute deploys when acceleration near zero indicates freefall. Sensors monitor drone motion. The positioning module quickly finds the drone after it crashes. This allows recovering intact drones instead of damage from crashes. The modular design allows replacing just the parachute box for reuse. The optimized parachute opening algorithm ensures timely deployment.

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A method for lossless and precise recovery of fixed-wing drones and automatic disturbance rejection control. The method involves using RTK (Real-Time Kinematic) positioning to accurately track the drone's flight path. This track is used to guide the drone into a recovery area. If interference occurs during the recovery, the drone's position errors are analyzed and the trajectory is adjusted to compensate for the interference. This allows the drone to autonomously land without damage or loss.

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An aircraft designed for safe emergency landings, particularly for drones that uses a fixed parachute and proper center of gravity positioning. The aircraft has a parachute with a rigid frame that is permanently open and connected to the body. The center of gravity is located below the aerodynamic center. These features allow the aircraft to enter a passive parachuting mode without power and descend vertically with stability and a controlled descent rate.

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A multimodal sensor-based autonomous landing system for aircraft that leverages beacon infrastructure at landing sites along with onboard cameras, ranging radios, and GPS to provide precise, low latency, and robust autonomous landing guidance. The landing system uses multimodal sensing modes, including visual, radio range, and GPS, to accurately localize the aircraft relative to beacons and visual indicators at the landing site. This enables autonomous aircraft to land precisely at designated points in varied conditions using onboard perception sensors and multimodal beacon infrastructure instead of relying solely on GPS.

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Drones and air mobility vehicles with deployable air flaps reduce rotation and impact during emergency landings when rotors fail. The vehicles have flaps on the rotor arms that can be deployed downward to create drag and counteract the yaw caused by a failed rotor. A controller detects rotor abnormalities and activates the flaps when needed. The flaps deploy in a specific order to minimize rotation.

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Buoyancy and impact recovery system (BIRS) for UAVs to enable safe recovery after failure or crashes over water. The BIRS has inflatable bladders to provide buoyancy when deployed. It also has sensors to detect threats, a controlled descent system to reduce impact speed, and a distress signal capability. If a failure is detected, it inflates the bladders to float the UAV on water and initiates a controlled descent. A distress signal is transmitted with the UAV's position for later recovery.

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A parachute system for unmanned drones that quickly deploys a parachute in emergency situations to prevent crashes. The system consists of a parachute, an ejection mechanism, and a small gas generator. When an onboard sensor detects an anomaly, it triggers the ejection mechanism to forcefully eject the gas generator-equipped module from the drone. Once separated, the gas generator ignites and fills the module with gas, rapidly deploying the attached parachute. The ejected module then descends under the parachute while the main drone is free to crash safely away from people or property.

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Deploying a visual navigation system for UAVs that provides reliable positioning when GPS signals are unavailable or unreliable. The technique involves placing multiple geo-fiducials around a landing pad, each with a unique offset and direction from a surveyed center point. The UAV uses computer vision to recognize and triangulate the geo-fiducials for precise navigation.

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A docking system for drones that provides a method for precision landing and automatic docking with a drone landing pad. The system uses a wire and tension adjusters on the landing pad to catch and slow down the landing drone. The tension adjusters wind the wire to adjust the tension and position. The drone has a magnetic unit that locks onto the landing pad after landing. This allows precise positioning and automatic attachment without requiring onboard sensors.

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A suspended landing and take-off base for unmanned aerial vehicles that allows self-centering landings without requiring precise alignment. The base has a conical shape that funnels drones towards a central retaining mechanism. The retaining mechanism can grip the drone during landing and release it for takeoff, allowing the drone to autonomously hook onto the base even if it approaches off-center.

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An autonomous system for capturing, retaining, and releasing a small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) from a moving landing platform. The system uses multiple automated capture mechanisms that extend and retract to grab and release the UAV. This allows the UAV to be secured to the platform after landing, recharged, and released for takeoff without needing manual intervention. The extending capture arms engage with a retention ring on the UAV to hold it in place on the moving platform.

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Precise recovery method and system for unmanned aerial vehicles that improves recovery accuracy by predicting the energy needed to land at a specific point and timing the parachute deployment accordingly. The system predicts the energy required at the desired landing point based on factors like altitude, speed, and aerodynamic losses. It then issues a parachute deployment command when the predicted energy matches the actual energy. This allows more precise landing points and speeds compared to fixed recovery strategies.

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Emergency parachute system for lightweight multi-rotor drones that allows safe recovery of the drone in case of a crash. The system includes a drogue parachute, power source, and umbrella-shaped cabin structure. The drogue parachute slows the drone's descent. The cabin protects the drone during impact. A shear pin releases the parachute at a certain speed. The cabin umbrella shape prevents it from collapsing during landing. The power source recharges the drone after landing. This system mitigates the risks of crashing and damaging the drone and surrounding people/buildings.

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Intelligent backup parachute system for civil unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that can autonomously deploy the parachute in emergency situations when the UAV is in distress. The system uses onboard sensors like accelerometers and gyros to detect abnormal flight conditions like high angle of attack, excessive acceleration, or loss of control signals. If these conditions are detected, the parachute can be deployed independently without external triggering. This prevents the UAV from winding the parachute lines on the rotors if it continues flying after parachute ejection. The system also sends feedback to the flight controller to shut down the UAV power system to prevent winding.

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