Portable Fuel Cells for Mobile Devices

Composite fuel cell power supply system with improved energy management for extended durability. The system has multiple fuel cells, batteries, and converters connected in parallel to provide stable voltage output. It uses a master controller to coordinate the fuel cell, boost converter, and battery charging. The master sets target voltages for each component and pulls power from the most efficient source to meet load demand. This ensures optimal utilization of each energy source and prevents overdischarging.

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A portable fuel cell system that generates and stores hydrogen using renewable energy like solar power, and converts the stored hydrogen back to electricity using a fuel cell. The system includes a hydrogen generator powered by solar panels, a hydrogen storage container, a fuel cell, and a switch to select between storing or releasing hydrogen from the container. This allows using green hydrogen generated from solar power to provide portable, zero-emission electricity.

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Universal fuel cell system that can operate with any type of fuel cell and any type of hydrogenated fuel. The system includes a fuel cell, an electronic control unit with precharging and control modules, and sensors to monitor environmental conditions. The control unit places the system in optimized operating modes based on sensor data. This allows adaptive operation with different fuel cells and fuels. The precharging module ensures the fuel cell can start in cold or low voltage conditions. The control module manages fuel cell operation and switching between modes based on environmental factors like temperature, pressure, and hydrogen concentration.

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Fuel cell unit and fuel cell power generation device with self-start capability and compact size suitable for portable and mobile applications. The fuel cell unit has a sheet-shaped reaction module that directly provides power to the control system, allowing self-start without auxiliary power. Multiple fuel cell units can be cascaded to increase output power. This eliminates the need for bulky compressors and backup power supplies compared to traditional cylindrical fuel cell stacks.

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Controlling power supply to fuel cell system components during start and stop to improve reliability and efficiency. The method involves using bidirectional DC/DC converters to provide power from auxiliary batteries when the fuel cell stack is not generating enough voltage during startup/shutdown. This prevents component failures due to insufficient power. The converters can also be used to boost voltage from the auxiliary batteries during normal operation. By intelligently switching between stack power and battery power, the system can provide stable power to components like BOP during transient conditions.

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Controlling a fuel cell system to prevent voltage issues when using both fuel cell and battery power simultaneously. The method involves coordinating the fuel cell output with the battery voltage to prevent the battery voltage from dropping below the fuel cell voltage. This prevents direct connection issues where the fuel cell output cannot be controlled. The method involves using a boost converter to combine the fuel cell and battery outputs, and controlling the fuel cell output based on the battery voltage to prevent it from falling below the fuel cell voltage.

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Portable hydrogen-oxygen power generation device that can be moved for on-site power generation. The device has a power generation module and a mobile module that can move the power generation module. It uses hydrogen and oxygen to generate power. The mobile module provides mobility. The power generation module has components like pumps, valves, and an electrolyzer to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. An electronic control unit regulates the flow rates and valve openings to optimize power generation.

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A portable power source that uses hydrogen stored in cylinders as a clean and convenient fuel for powering devices in remote locations. The power source consists of a hydrogen storage system connected to a fuel cell control system. The hydrogen cylinders provide hydrogen to the fuel cell stack, which converts it into electrical power. The electrical output can be used to charge devices or power appliances through standard outlets. The hydrogen storage and fuel cell system allows clean, low-carbon power generation for outdoor and remote applications without the weight and pollution of traditional generators.

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Lightweight, portable fuel cell that can be used indoors and outdoors. The fuel cell has a fuel channel with an exhaust valve that can be controlled based on power generation state. When fuel is supplied, the valve closes to prevent air mixing. When power is not generated, the valve opens to exhaust fuel and air. This prevents air entrainment during fuel supply. By controlling exhaust based on power generation, the fuel channel can have sufficient fuel for power without exhausting unused fuel. This allows a separate, lightweight fuel supply to connect instead of integrated tanks. The fuel cell can also use external hydrogen sources instead of onboard reformers. By separating fuel supply, the cell weight can be reduced to 20 kg or less for portability. An exhaust control and gas-liquid separation can further improve indoor usability.

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Portable multi-purpose power supply device that uses liquid fuel to generate power in a fuel cell, stores the generated power in a removable battery, and allows it to be freely supplied to devices or regions requiring power. The device has a fuel cell system in the vehicle that generates power using reformed fuel and air, and a detachable power bank system that stores and provides the fuel cell's power. This enables using the vehicle's fuel cell for devices inside or outside the vehicle, like camping gear, remote islands, or event supplies. It allows leveraging existing vehicle fuel tanks for portable power.

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Fuel cell power generation system that can control the output of a fuel cell without wired connection between the fuel cell and the load. The system uses wireless load detection devices at the power consumption locations to transmit load data to the fuel cell. The fuel cell has an output control device that receives the wireless load info and adjusts the fuel cell output based on the load data. This allows the fuel cell to match the load without physical wiring between the fuel cell and load.

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Active fuel cell system that can operate independently without external support. The system integrates components like energy storage, consumption, generation, and conversion. It allows the fuel cell stack to work independently by storing excess power during fuel cell operation, then using it to power components like compressors and pumps when the stack isn't generating power. A controller manages the components. This makes the fuel cell system an active, standalone energy device instead of relying on external power sources.

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Automated switching between multiple hydrogen fuel tanks on a mobile power generator to provide continuous power and avoid interruptions. A pressure-based latching switch monitors the fuel tank pressures, and automatically switches from an empty tank to a full tank to maintain a constant fuel supply to the generator's fuel cell system.

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A hydrogen fuel cell for portable applications that uses hydrogen from metal hydrides and ambient air to generate electricity. The cell has a passive design to improve performance and simplify operation. The cell has separate anode and cathode compartments separated by an electrolyte membrane. The anode compartment has a hydrophilic membrane and accelerates hydrogen transport and water elimination. The cathode compartment has a columnar plate to facilitate air access, water discharge, and electrical contact. The anode and cathode compartments have different hydrophobicity to aid water removal. This passive design helps hydrogen storage, air/water transport, and cell efficiency for portable hydrogen fuel cells.

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Modular integrated fuel cell power generation system that improves overall power output, flexibility, and efficiency compared to traditional fuel cell stacks. The system uses modularly integrated fuel cell stacks, separate air intake and fuel supply systems, and a central power management module. This allows stack power scaling, independent stack control, simplified wiring, and unified power output regulation.

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A compact and portable air-cooled fuel cell system for power generation that simplifies the traditional bulky water-cooled fuel cell system. The mobile air-cooled fuel cell system uses high-pressure hydrogen cylinders, an air-cooled fuel cell, a power conversion module, and a lithium battery. The air-cooled fuel cell generates power by burning hydrogen, which is supplied from the cylinders. The conversion module inverts the DC power to AC for external loads. The lithium battery provides backup power and charges from the conversion module. This eliminates the complex cooling system, compressor, and humidifier of a water-cooled fuel cell.

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A wearable, self-powered power generator that uses fuel cells and nanoporous insulation to provide lightweight, long-lasting power for devices like soldiers' equipment. The generator is designed to be worn on the body and contains a fuel cell, hydrogen cartridge, charge storage device, power management electronics, and connectors. Oxygen from the environment is provided to the fuel cell through the insulated container. A nanoporous insulator limits water loss/gain without affecting oxygen flow. This allows higher energy density fuel cells without valves. The generator generates electricity from the fuel cell and stores it in the charge device. It can power external loads through connectors.

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Fuel cell system that maximizes efficiency and longevity by dynamically adjusting the fuel cell output based on the state of charge of an energy storage device. The system has a fuel cell, energy storage, and control device. The control device determines the fuel cell power specification taking into account the energy storage state. This improves efficiency by operating the fuel cell at its optimal point instead of maximizing power. It also reduces wear by avoiding frequent start/stop cycles. The energy storage can provide initial power and cover peaks.

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A ruggedized portable power device with multiple charging sources and temperature control for extreme environments. The device has a fuel cell system to generate power, a battery management system to protect the battery, and a control system with DC-DC converters, DC-AC inverters, and temperature regulation. It allows charging from multiple sources like solar, grid, or fuel cell, with priority assignment. The device can supply multiple DC and AC voltages at extreme temperatures and altitudes. The battery and components have temperature regulation to prevent overheating.

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Fuel cell power supply for mobile devices that provides high power density, long endurance, and fast refueling using liquid methanol as the fuel. The power supply has a dual-stack fuel cell system with a solid oxygen fuel cell stack as the main power source and a direct methanol fuel cell stack as an auxiliary power source. A control system regulates the methanol feed to the cells based on device demand. This allows simultaneous operation of both stacks for high power and seamless transition to the auxiliary stack for low power. The methanol fuel enables high energy density and fast refueling compared to hydrogen. The system can power vehicles or devices with high power requirements and long ranges using liquid methanol as the fuel.

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Compact, lightweight, and long-lasting solid-state hydrogen fuel cell power system for individual soldiers. The system uses hydrogen generated in situ from fruit acid water to power the fuel cell. It consists of a frame with components like a solid hydrogen generator, water pump, solenoid valve, fuel cell stack, and water tank. The system allows soldiers to carry a compact, water-refillable power source that can generate electricity and produce water through solid hydrogen fuel cell reaction. It addresses challenges of transporting hydrogen fuel and provides extended runtime compared to traditional hydrogen fuel cells.

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Fuel cell outdoor power supply that uses hydrogen fuel to provide portable power with advantages of high efficiency, low pollution, and low emissions compared to conventional batteries. The power supply has a fuel tank, fuel cell stack, and battery control circuit in a housing. The fuel cell stack electrochemically converts hydrogen from the tank into electrical power. A boost inverter steps up the cell voltage and an AC rectifier or DC rectifier provides output compatible with mains power or direct current respectively. The fuel cell stack and boost inverter are controlled by a unit to regulate discharge. This direct conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy has advantages of high efficiency, low pollution, no noise, and low emissions compared to conventional batteries.

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Fuel cell power supply system for mobile devices like electric vehicles that uses liquid methanol as fuel and has a unique architecture to provide high power density, long cruising range, and fast refueling. The system has two fuel cell stacks - one using solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) as the main power source and the other using direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) as an auxiliary power source. The SOFC stack uses liquid methanol as a basic fuel and the DMFC stack uses methanol directly. The stacks operate simultaneously based on real-time power demand. This allows high power density from the SOFC stack and fast startup/idling from the DMFC stack. A rechargeable battery is also used to bypass the fuel cells.

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Generating hydrogen on demand for PEM fuel cell power systems using a rotary bed reactor to hydrolyze solid chemical hydride fuels. The reactor contains fuel pellets like lithium aluminum hydride that react with water to produce hydrogen gas. The fuel pellets are rotated during water feed to enhance mixing and reaction kinetics. The hydrogen generated is supplied to the fuel cell stack to produce electricity. The water required for hydrolysis can come from the fuel cell cathode exhaust, so no external water supply is needed.

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Compact, lightweight and long-lasting solid hydrogen fuel cell power system for individual soldiers. It uses a solid hydrogen fuel cell to generate electricity and water from hydrogen generated in-situ by reacting solid hydrogen with fruit acid. A water pump, solenoid valve, and water tank provide the acid and water for hydrogen generation. The condensed water is collected separately. This allows a small, integrated fuel cell system that doesn't require external hydrogen tanks.

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Hybrid power system combining a fuel cell and a lithium battery to improve stability and performance of fuel cell systems for variable load applications. The system has a fuel cell output unit, a lithium battery charging/discharging unit, a control module, and a step-down module. The fuel cell and battery units are connected in parallel to the load. The control module manages power flow between the fuel cell and battery based on load requirements. It charges the battery during low load periods and discharges it during high load periods to provide stable output. The step-down module reduces voltage if necessary. This allows the fuel cell to operate at optimal efficiency and avoid shutdown, while the battery provides continuous power during transients.

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Portable fuel cell system with improved fuel efficiency and load power quality. The system uses an energy storage component like a battery to charge and discharge between the fuel cell stack and load. This allows the fuel cell to operate at lower power levels when the load demands less, avoiding excessive fuel cell component consumption. The energy storage component quickly responds to load power changes. It limits the fuel cell's maximum output via the charging circuit. This improves fuel efficiency and load power quality by preventing unnecessary fuel cell component usage when the load is low.

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Mobile fuel cell-based emergency power system for backup power in harsh environments where conventional power sources are unreliable. The system uses a fuel cell module, a power battery module, and a control system. The fuel cell provides the primary power source, and the battery acts as a starting power source and coordinates with the fuel cell for power adjustment. The fuel cell output is set based on load requirements to balance energy flow. The battery charges/discharges as needed. This allows the fuel cell to start quickly, and the battery compensates for load changes. The fuel cell also has redundant modules for higher power output. The system is mobile with a winch, hydrogen storage, cooling, and user power conversion.

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Fuel cell system for mobile applications that allows refueling of a compact fuel cell system using an external storage without needing a separate control unit in the filler unit. The fuel cell unit has a control device that communicates with the filler unit over contacts in the connected position. This enables the filler unit to be operated by the fuel cell unit's control when connected, allowing fuel transfer from the external storage to the internal storage.

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Fuel cell system with two fuel cells having different power output capacities to provide efficient power generation at all requested levels. It uses a first fuel cell with lower maximum power and a second fuel cell with higher maximum power. By intelligently managing the operation of both fuel cells, it can quickly adapt the power generation to meet changing demands without excessive cell cycling that degrades performance. It does this by feeding reaction gases to both cells when the requested power is between the maximum outputs of the two cells. This allows the second cell to quickly ramp up for higher loads and the first cell to quickly ramp down for lower loads. It also uses an overview of requested power vs cell operating time to train the power management.

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Portable fuel cell power system with a fuel cell, lithium battery, and intelligent control to prevent fuel cell damage from reversed battery charging. The fuel cell output connects to a circuit adjustment unit before the load and battery. The adjustment unit prevents battery current from flowing back to the fuel cell. An intelligent control system connects fuel cell and battery voltage/current points. This allows selective powering of the load from fuel cell or battery. The control manages charging/discharging and recovers load energy in the battery.

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Hybrid fuel cell power system with improved efficiency, reliability and versatility by integrating a fuel cell and lithium battery. The system uses a fuel cell, DC/DC converter, lithium battery, and smart controller. The fuel cell provides continuous power. The lithium battery provides recoverable energy. The controller balances the power sources for optimal efficiency. It also prevents reverse current to protect the fuel cell. The system allows DC and AC loads. The controller monitors cell/battery voltages and currents. This allows active power source selection based on load needs. It also adjusts fuel cell parameters like temperature and pressure.

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A rechargeable energy storage device that can accumulate electrical energy and also directly recharge using hydrogen gas. The device uses an electrochemical cell with electrodes, a membrane, and a porous layer. During charging, hydrogen is oxidized at the anode and oxygen reduced at the cathode, storing electrical energy. It can recharge by connecting to the electricity grid, but also by filling with hydrogen gas. This direct hydrogen injection allows faster recharging than electrolysis. The device combines characteristics of batteries and fuel cells to provide versatile and efficient energy storage.

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A lightweight, high-energy density portable power system for soldiers that uses hydrogen fuel cells instead of batteries. The system generates hydrogen on demand from hydride materials like sodium borohydride or magnesium hydride using a hydrolysis reaction with water. This eliminates the need for bulky high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders. The hydrolysis reaction is exothermic, meaning it produces heat, which is used to sustain the reaction without external heating. The system includes a fuel cell stack, hydrogen generation unit, and water supply. The hydrogen generated is purged and reused to avoid ammonia contamination from ammonia borane. The system provides higher energy density than batteries for extended mission durations.

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Fuel cell hybrid power pack that can provide electricity from a fuel cell to an external device at the correct voltage. The power pack contains a housing with stacked fuel cells, a fuel supply unit to feed hydrogen and air to the cells, and a battery. The fuel cell output goes to an output unit that converts the voltage to match external devices. This allows using the fuel cell power directly instead of converting it first. The battery can also charge from the fuel cell or external source.

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Wireless power supply for devices that can't be physically accessed. The power supply is a sealed container that houses a fuel cell, a charge storage device, and an integrated electronic circuit. The fuel cell provides power to the device. The container is shaped like an AA battery. An external current can also be provided through the fuel cell's cathode and anode. The integrated circuit contains sensors and a transmitter. It wirelessly sends the sensor data when the fuel cell's power is insufficient for both device and transmitter.

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Power source with embedded sensing and wireless capability for portable devices that can sense and transmit information about the power source, device, or environment. The power source contains a fuel cell generating electricity from hydrogen fuel inside the source, sensors to monitor conditions, and a wireless transmitter. It also has a charge storage device to provide power when hydrogen supply is insufficient. The hydrogen fuel comes from a chemical hydride that generates excess hydrogen stored in a metal hydride. This allows the fuel cell to continue operating when demand exceeds the chemical hydride capacity.

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High specific energy, high specific power combined power generation system that can output large electric power in a short time. It combines a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with a super capacitor. The fuel cell generates electrical energy that is stored in the super capacitor. The super capacitor then rapidly releases the stored energy to meet high power demand. This allows the system to have both high energy density from the fuel cell and high power density from the super capacitor. A DC/DC converter connects the fuel cell and super capacitor. The system also has a water management system to cool both components.

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A fuel cell combined power supply system and control method that allows operation in low temperature environments without using a fuel concentration sensor. The control method involves using the stack output power, voltage, and temperature to dynamically adjust the fuel feed rate instead of relying on a concentration sensor. This allows starting the system at low temperatures where the sensor can't operate. The system also has an anti-freeze mode where fuel is used to maintain component temperatures within safe limits for low temperature storage and operation.

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A modular hydrogen fuel cell power source for portable devices that allows customization of weight, power, and capacity. It has a replaceable hydrogen gas cartridge, magnetic connector for fuel line, and a valve to control fuel cell operation. A buffer battery can optionally be added to store excess fuel cell power. This allows swapping components to tailor the fuel cell system to specific applications.

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A fuel cell system with redundant fuel supply to ensure continuous power generation. The fuel cell has multiple fuel supply systems connected to the anode chamber. A switching control module selects which supply to use. This allows backup fuel sources if one runs out or fails, preventing fuel cell shutdown.

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A safe and efficient energy unit that can provide electricity from hydrogen. The unit has three modes: hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, and electricity generation. In the production mode, an onboard power source electrolyzes water to make hydrogen. In the storage mode, the hydrogen is solidified in a metal hydride. In the generation mode, the solid hydrogen is used in a fuel cell to produce electricity. This allows efficient hydrogen utilization with stable hydrogen storage.

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A secondary battery type fuel cell system that can switch between power generation and charging modes. The system uses a fuel generating member that can reversibly generate fuel gas for the fuel cell. During power generation, the fuel cell uses gas from the generating member. During charging, the generating member is regenerated by electrolyzing its product. The system dynamically adjusts the power and gas supply to the fuel cell during both modes to promote gas diffusion in the generating member. A switch connects the cell to power or charging circuits based on the mode.

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Portable fuel cell system that can both provide power to and receive power from a portable electronic device's rechargeable battery. This eliminates the need for a separate heavy fuel cell battery. The fuel cell stack converts fuel into electrical power. A controller regulates power between the fuel cell system and device. It also has links for electrical and communication between the device and controller. The controller can adjust charging/discharging current based on operational parameters.

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Power supply system with a battery, fuel cell, and power generation unit that can use battery power to start the fuel cell. In modes where the battery charges or discharges, it can provide power to start the fuel cell instead of relying on the grid or power generation unit. This ensures the fuel cell starts reliably in all conditions. Sensors detect power flows to adjust battery charging/discharging amounts accordingly. This allows flexible power sourcing from multiple sources based on detection results.

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Portable computing device that can be powered by a fuel cell system. The device has an interface to connect to the fuel cell system and exchange power and data. The fuel cell system contains a fuel cell stack, fuel source, controller, and cooling fans. It converts fuel to electricity, stores it in a battery, and then converts it again to the device's voltage. The device sends power status and component usage to the fuel cell controller for optimization.

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A compact, modular device for storing and restoring electrical energy using electrolysis and fuel cells. The device can switch between operating modes: electrolyzer mode to convert electrical energy into hydrogen and oxygen by water electrolysis, and fuel cell mode to convert hydrogen and oxygen back into electrical energy using a fuel cell. The hydrogen is stored in tanks and the oxygen is vented. The device has separate valves and ducts for hydrogen and oxygen to enable independent operation.

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Power supply system with a fuel cell unit that can selectively suppress fuel cell power generation without stopping operation. The system has a current detection unit on the trunk line connecting the fuel cell and load. It detects the trunk line current and controls the fuel cell based on the power flow power. When above a threshold, the fuel cell follows load power. When below, it goes standby. By increasing the threshold, the fuel cell can suppress generation without stopping when demand is low. This avoids long start/stop times. The threshold can switch based on time zone, day/night, storage levels, or grid power availability.

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A fuel cell system that balances efficiency and durability by intermittently stopping the fuel cell at low power demand. The system sets a voltage limit lower than the open circuit voltage to avoid high potentials that degrade the platinum catalyst. When power demand is low, the fuel cell stops and keeps this lower voltage. This prevents catalyst degradation. At high power demand, normal operation resumes. A DC-DC converter, storage device, regenerative braking, gas leak detection, and pressure control are also used to manage the fuel cell and improve overall system efficiency.

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Portable fuel cell system that integrates hydrogen generation and storage for fuel cell power generation. The system has components like a water reactor, water filter, air buffer tank, pressure regulator, fuel cell, DC-DC converter, and battery. The water reactor generates hydrogen by electrolysis. The filter removes impurities, the buffer tank stores excess hydrogen, the regulator maintains pressure, and the fuel cell converts hydrogen to power. This integrated system allows portable fuel cell systems to generate their own hydrogen fuel on demand instead of relying on external hydrogen sources.

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