Metal Hydrides for Fuel Cell Storage

Hydrogen storage and compression system using metal hydrides with a thermal management system that provides high compression ratio, efficiency, and safety. The hydrogen storage-compression apparatus has multiple metal hydride containers interconnected by a hydrogen circuit. A closed-loop thermal liquid circuit cools/heats the containers. Heat exchangers connect to sources/sinks. A pump circulates liquid. A control system manages hydrogen flow. The thermal liquid system allows high pressure ratios without excessive heat. The metal hydride containers with gaps between them enhance compression. The closed loop thermal liquid system cools/heats the containers. Heat exchangers connect to sources/sinks. A pump circulates liquid. A control system manages hydrogen flow. The thermal liquid system allows high pressure ratios without excessive heat. The metal hydride containers with gaps between them enhance compression.

Source

<title>Abstract</title> Metal hydride hydrogen compressors have been explored as an alternative to mechanical since the first patents were filed in 1970s. As heat engines, their productivity significantly depends on achievable transfer rate, which is inherently limited by pressure-bearing walls separating fluid from reactive metal beds and effective thermal conductivity. This work presents analyzes a new compressor system that uses direct convective contact with material. Following this principle, we show how integrated can be designed behaves bed level. The surpasses what has reported for experimental while showing good prospects low electrical energy consumption.

Source

This presentation provides an examination of critical and strategic raw materials (CRMs) their crucial role in the development electrolyser fuel cell technologies within hydrogen economy [1]. It analyses a range technologies, including alkaline water (AWE), proton exchange membrane (PEMWE), solid oxide electrolysis (SOEC), anion (AEMWE) conducting ceramic (PCCEL) [2]. Each technology is examined for its specific CRM dependencies, operational characteristics, challenges associated with availability sustainability. The study further extends to storage focusing on employed metal hydrides, implications. A key aspect this exploration supply demand dynamics CRMs, offering view that encompasses both present state future projections. aim uncover potential risks, understand strategies, identify bottlenecks involved addressing current needs demands as well supply. approach essential planning sustainable green sector, emphasizing importance CRMs achieving expanded capacity leading up 2050. References [1] Eikeng et al., Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , 2024, 71, 19, 433-464. [2] Chatenet, Pollet al.,Ch... Read More

Source

A method to produce porous magnesium with improved hydrogen storage properties by adding a magnesium precursor to a reductant solution. The method involves dissolving a magnesium salt and a transition metal compound in a reductant solution, then precipitating the magnesium by adding the precursor. This results in porous magnesium with doped transition metals that enhances hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics compared to undoped magnesium. The doped porous magnesium can be used as a solid hydrogen storage material that allows hydrogen storage at lower pressures compared to conventional methods.

Source

Compact and modular hydrogen storage tank using pellets of metal hydride surrounded by rings of expanded graphite to prevent powder accumulation and rupture. The tank has alternating stacks of metal hydride pellets and thermally conductive disks with pierced holes. The expanded graphite rings around the pellets prevent hydride powder from falling between disks and sticking to the tank walls. This prevents rupture and explosion risks during cycling compared to loose powder. The disks and pierced holes enable thermal management.

Source

Efficient storage of renewably produced hydrogen remains a serious bottleneck in the global transition to hydrogen-based energy system. Production metal super- hydrides with greater than 1:1 stoichiometry, by an electrochemical driving force aqueous electrolyte, is experiencing emerging interest as possible solution this critical challenge. In work, using palladium and its hydride (PdHx) model system, we combine state-of-the-art grand canonical density functional theory (DFT) operando X-ray diffraction investigate feasibility limitations via formation hydrides. We develop unique computational PdHx high granularity, particularly loading (0.6 &lt; x 1.0) regime. After benchmarking calculated lattice strain measurements, reveal that there signifi- cant energetic penalty filling all six octahedral sites surrounding Pd, well-known /PdHx coexistence macroscopic phenomenon. Using our com- putational PdHx, calculate bias-, coverage-, loading-dependent activation barriers reaction energies for Volmer Tafel reactions. Our find- ings dynamic changes evolution (HER) sub-reacti... Read More

Source

Hydrogen storage system for fuel cells that enables cold starts without external heating. The system has two tanks, a starter tank with a high temperature hydride and an operating tank with a low temperature hydride. The starter tank is incorporated into the operating tank with a pressure-tight wall separating them. Initially, the fuel cell is started using hydrogen from the starter tank. Then, as the fuel cell heats up, the operating tank provides hydrogen. The starter tank is recharged from the operating tank while insulated from environmental heat. This allows cold starts without external heating since the starter tank can provide initial hydrogen without being heated.

Source

The climate crisis continues to grow as an existential threat. Establishing reliable energy resources that are renewable and zero-carbon emitting is a critical endeavour. Hydrogen has emerged one such resource due its high gravimetric density near-abundant availability. However, it suffers from low volumetric incredibly challenging store transport. metal hydride, solid-state storage method, provides viable solution the current limitations. Storage achieved through chemical absorption of hydrogen into porous alloys sublattice. But thermodynamic functionality leaves gap between ideal capacity industry requires limited reusable hydrides currently provide. This work used mathematical modelling determine optimal operating conditions for hydride in order maximise capacity. Computational fluid dynamics simulate coupled heat mass transfer occurs during process alloy. finite volume method discretise governing equations, alternating direction implicit numerical solutions proved most stable platform conduct analyses. An initial investigation grid sizing conducted node allocation. impact bed ... Read More

Source

This study investigates the structure of a metal hydride (MH) cartridge as hydrogen storage tank for small-scale fuel cells (FCs). is designed to be stacked and used in layers, allowing flexible capacity adjustment according demand. MH enables compact safe cell (FC) applications due its high energy density low-pressure operation. However, because desorption from an endothermic reaction, external heat supply required stable performance. To enhance both transfer efficiency usability, we propose method that utilizes waste air-cooled proton-exchange membrane (PEMFC). The proposed incorporates four cylindrical tanks require uniform transfer. Therefore, arrangements within minimize non-uniformity distribution on surface. flow exhaust air PEMFC into was analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. In addition, empirical correlation Nusselt number developed estimate coefficient. As result, it concluded utilization rate flowing 13.2%.

Source

Hydrogen storage device for preventing excessive pressure rise in hydrogen storage containers due to temperature changes. The device uses two types of metal hydride materials with different pressure storage capabilities inside the container. As temperature and pressure rise, hydrogen discharged from the first material with lower storage capacity can be absorbed by the second material with higher storage capacity. This prevents container pressure spikes when external temperatures rise.

Source

This review delves into the advancements of TiFe alloy for solid-state hydrogen storage, highlighting its structure, properties, preparation method, and storage performance. The impact composition microstructure upon kinetics were explored summarized, as well on capacity. work details synthesis methods, from induction melting to mechanical alloying, discusses strategies enhance TiFe's absorption/desorption rates cycling stability. Emphasis is placed role process control agents nanostructuring in improving performance alloy. underscores potential alloys realizing a sustainable economy outlines challenges activation conditions cost reduction, providing roadmap future research directions.

Source

Magnesium hydride (MgH2) is a promising solidstate hydrogen storage material due to its high capacity and low cost, but dehydrogenation temperature poor kinetic limits applications. Although catalytic modification of MgH2 has been extensively studied, existing efforts focus on optimizing transfer, with limited exploration electron transfer transport. This study investigated the enhancement transport rates during de/hydrogenation by introducing singleatom catalyst composed Ru single atoms Nb2O5 substrate. The Ru0.028@Nb2O5 reduced peak from 429 214 C, activation energies for were 53.7% 83.9%, respectively. Furthermore, 15wt%Ru0.028@Nb2O5MgH2 composite maintained 97.4% after 100 cycles. Based excellent performance theoretical calculations, it was demonstrated that electronic structure modulation enhanced capacities, synergistic effects (dominant role), multivalent Nb, oxygen vacancies resulted in remarkable activity. offers new strategy improving modulating catalysts, thereby increasing activity pyrolysis reaction materials.

Source

Magnesium hydride (MgH2) is a promising solidstate hydrogen storage material due to its high capacity and low cost, but dehydrogenation temperature poor kinetic limits applications. Although catalytic modification of MgH2 has been extensively studied, existing efforts focus on optimizing transfer, with limited exploration electron transfer transport. This study investigated the enhancement transport rates during de/hydrogenation by introducing singleatom catalyst composed Ru single atoms Nb2O5 substrate. The Ru0.028@Nb2O5 reduced peak from 429 214 C, activation energies for were 53.7% 83.9%, respectively. Furthermore, 15wt%Ru0.028@Nb2O5MgH2 composite maintained 97.4% after 100 cycles. Based excellent performance theoretical calculations, it was demonstrated that electronic structure modulation enhanced capacities, synergistic effects (dominant role), multivalent Nb, oxygen vacancies resulted in remarkable activity. offers new strategy improving modulating catalysts, thereby increasing activity pyrolysis reaction materials.

Source

TiMn- and TiCrMn-based metal hydride alloys for reversible hydrogen storage that can absorb and release hydrogen at moderate temperatures and pressures. The alloys are tuned by adding modifier elements like VFe, Fe, Cu, Co, Ti, Zr, Al, Cr, La, Ni, Ce, Ho, Mo, and V to adjust properties like hydrogen uptake/release pressure, plateau slope, hysteresis, and equilibrium pressure. This enables customization for specific hydrogen storage applications like electrolysers and fuel cells. The alloys can have high hydrogen storage capacities, rapid uptake/release rates, and reduced hysteresis compared to known alloys. The tuning allows matching alloy properties to the hydrogen storage requirements of electrolysers and fuel cells.

Source

Lightweight, high-capacity hydrogen storage system for electric vehicles that enables quick and simple refueling. The system uses a replaceable structural component with an integrated hydrogen storage material. The storage material is a metal foam containing a hydrogen-absorbing metal hydride. The component can be swapped out like a battery pack to quickly and easily refuel the vehicle with hydrogen. The hydrogen-absorbing foam has high hydrogen density and low weight compared to pressurized tanks. The component attaches to the vehicle with a fluid connection to the fuel cell stack. The foam releases hydrogen when heated, which is fed to the fuel cell for power generation. The component design enables on-demand hydrogen refueling by replacing the depleted component.

Source

A hydrogen storage composite material with improved hydrogen storage performance by combining metal hydride, a hydrogen storage material, with a graphene oxide framework, a carbon-based matrix material, to replace traditional high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks. The graphene oxide framework has a very small pore size of 1-2 nm compared to previous carbon materials, allowing for better impregnation of metal hydride. This composite material has higher hydrogen storage capacity and lower cost compared to prior approaches. The composite is made by ultrasonically grinding graphene oxide in a solvent, forming a graphene oxide framework through solvothermal reaction with a linker, and then impregnating metal hydride onto the framework.

Source

Abstract This study investigates the thermal coupling of a 1 kW PEM fuel cell (FC) with LaNi5 metal hydride (MH) hydrogen storage system at 40C. A 1D MATLAB model solves coupled transport and reaction equations along FCs layers has been experimentally validated to confirm its polarization, consumption performance higher operating temperatures (70C), while COMSOL-based transient simulates release in MH tank, used train feedforward neural network for flow estimation. The cells stack voltage variation impacts balance between heat generated by required tank desorption Thermal energy recovery is maximized intermediate voltages, matching points production are observed up 2000 NL capacities.

Source

Heat generating material that can produce a large amount of excess heat when exposed to hydrogen gas at temperatures below the melting point of a secondary metal. The material contains a first metal with a high melting point (230°C or more) and a second metal with a higher melting point. At least one of the metals has high hydrogen solubility below the secondary metal's melting point. The hydride of this metal has a standard enthalpy of formation equal to or greater than CaH2. This allows the material to absorb and desorb hydrogen at lower temperatures to generate significant heat. The high hydrogen solubility and hydride properties prevent agglomeration and maintain hydrogen absorption at high temperatures.

Source

<title>Abstract</title> Hydrogen storage in lithium borohydride (LiBH4) with high gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen densities has attracted intensive research interest. However, the working temperatures poor reversibility due to thermodynamic stability kinetic barriers, limits its practical applications. Herein, we fabricate a unique trilayered nanostructure composed of layers graphene support, Ni nanoclusters, LiBH4 nanoparticles, through layer-by-layer assembly approach. The nanoclusters offer nucleation sites, separate nanoparticles from graphene, catalyze formation B-H bonds eliminate foaming effect. During hydrogenation, cleaves H-H B clusters, creating additional absorption sites reducing H adsorption energy B, which lowers dissociation barrier, allowing reversible approximately 12.27 wt% H2 by commencing 70 C under 100 bar H2. This finding guides design fabrication light-metal hydride nanostructures for on-board

Source

Hydrogen is a key energy carrier, playing vital role in sustainable systems. This review provides comparative analysis of physical, chemical, and innovative hydrogen storage methods from technical, environmental, economic perspectives. It has been identified that compressed liquefied are predominantly utilized transportation applications, while chemical transport mainly supported by liquid organic carriers (LOHC) ammonia-based Although metal hydrides nanomaterials offer high capacities, they face limitations related to cost thermal management. Furthermore, artificial intelligence (AI)- machine learning (ML)-based optimization techniques highlighted for their potential enhance efficiency improve system performance. In conclusion, systems achieve broader applicability, it recommended integrated approaches be adoptedfocusing on material development, feasibility, environmental sustainability.

Source

In this study, we investigate the structural, elastic, electronic, and thermodynamic properties of LaMgX2 (X = Zn, Cd, Hg) intermetallic hydrides using first-principle calculations based on density functional theory. The compounds exhibit metallic behavior with relatively high bulk moduli, suggesting good mechanical stability. parameters, such as Debye temperature entropy, were derived analyzed to evaluate their thermal Furthermore, hydrogen storage potential these was assessed, revealing favorable characteristics for reversible absorption desorption. addition, thermoelectric investigated by evaluating key indicators Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, electronic contribution conductivity. These insights into energy transport further support multifunctional potential. Overall, findings highlight LaMgM2 promising candidates applications, especially in energy-efficient technologies.

Source

The current world is increasingly focusing on renewable energy sources with strong emphasis the economically viable use of to reduce carbon emissions and safeguard human health. Solid-state hydrogen (H2) storage materials offer a higher density compared traditional gaseous liquid methods. In this context, review evaluates recent advancements in binary, ternary, complex metal hydrides integrated 2D Ti3C2 MXene for enhancing H2 performance. This perspective highlights progress made through development active sites, created by interactions between multilayers, few-layers, internal edge sites hydrides. Specifically, selective incorporation content has significantly contributed improvements performance various Key benefits include low operating temperatures enhanced capacity observed MXene/metal hydride composites. versatility titanium multiple valence states (Ti0, Ti2+, Ti3+, Ti4+) Ti-C bonding plays crucial role optimizing absorption desorption processes. Based these promising developments, we emphasize potential solid-state interfaces fuel cell applications. Overall, MXenes represent s... Read More

Source

Enhancing and controlling deuterium loading reactions in metals like palladium for applications like hydrogen storage, fuel cells, and nuclear fusion. The technique involves a two-stage loading process with a barrier to increase reaction rates. In the first stage, deuterons are loaded into the metal cathode from an anode at high efficiency. Then, in the second stage, a barrier is added to obstruct isotopic fuel flow. This triggers a sudden, rapid release of hydrogen within the metal due to catastrophic desaturation of the lattice. The barrier prevents loss of the loaded cathode. The technique improves reaction rates, reduces charging times, and enables higher concentrations compared to traditional loading methods.

Source

Metal hydrides play a pivotal role in advancing the hydrogen economy by providing compact solution for onboard storage. However, their practical application is hindered undesirable side reactions and slow kinetics during uptake release. We present herein enhanced thermodynamics of uptake/release through infiltration lithium borohydride (LiBH4) into Mo2N-doped defective boron nitride (Mo2N-DBN) host. Density functional theory (DFT), Ab initio molecular dynamics (MD), wide array experimental data suggested that Mo2N-DBN host promotes proximity between active sites LiBH4, effectively preventing aggregation sorption processes, thereby leading to reversible storage capacity 10.80 wt % at 200 C 50 bar LiBH4@Mo2N-DBN composite with minimal loss after five hydrogenation-dehydrogenation cycles. This marked an 84% enhancement over pure LiBH4 under identical conditions represented highest reported among LiBH4-based composites date. The Mo2N prevented direct melting transitions facilitated weakening H-H bonds, which turn gave rise fast dehydrogenation (Ea = 77.44 0.02 kJ/mol). Additionally,... Read More

Source

Magnesium hydride (MgH2) has been recognized as a promising hydrogen storage material because of its low cost and high capacity. However, the sluggish kinetics operating temperature hindered utilization. Herein, vanadium-substituted titanium-based bimetallic MXene (Ti3-nVnC2) was prepared to boost efficiency MgH2. The incorporation 5 wt % Ti2.2V0.8C2 dramatically decreased dehydrogenation MgH2 improved cyclic stability. MgH2-5 started release at 165 C, it released 7.0 H2 in 30 min 220 C took 5.3 2 h 75 showing excellent kinetics. In addition, activation energy MgH2-added 80.81 3.29 kJ mol-1, which is lower than that most Ti-/or V-based catalyst-doped systems. Mechanism analysis reveals remarkably enhanced performance ascribed stable existence uniform distribution Ti-species (Ti0 Titanium hydride) V-species (V0 V5+), facilitated rapid absorption/desorption ensured This study offers valuable perspectives for assembly design catalysts within realm solid-state materials.

Source

Abstract Metal hydrides (MHs) are promising candidates for storing hydrogen at ambient conditions high volumetric energy densities. Recent developments suggest hydridebased systems can cycle and operate favorable pressures temperatures that work well with fuel cells used in stationary power applications. In this study, we present a comprehensive design cost analysis of MHbased long duration storage facilities variety end users (0 to 20 megawatts (MW) supplied over 0 100 hours), offer insights on technical targets material development operation strategies. Our findings indicate hold significant size advantage physical footprint, requiring up 65% less land than 170bar compressed gas storage. hydride be competitive 350bar systems, TiFe 0.85 Mn 0.05 achieving $0.45/kWh complex 2Mg(NH 2 ) 2.1LiH0.1KH $0.38/kWh. Extending charging times increasing operating cycles significantly reduce levelized storage, especially MHs. Key strategies further enhance the competitiveness MHs include leveraging waste heat from cells, reducing use critical minerals, MH production costs US$10/... Read More

Source

Integrated hydrogen energy storage and distribution system that uses thermal coupling between the electrolyzer, metal hydride storage, and fuel cell modules to improve efficiency by utilizing and reusing thermal energy. The modules are connected so that heat released during exothermic reactions can be used to supplement heating needs during endothermic reactions. This avoids wasting heat and enables more efficient overall operation. The system is coordinated by a computer that balances hydrogen storage, production, and consumption based on demands.

Source

A magnesium-based composite material for hydrogen storage applications with improved reversible hydrogen storage capacity, hydrogen absorption rate, and hydrogen desorption rate compared to pure magnesium. The composite consists of a magnesium-based solid solution with catalytic metals like aluminum, zinc, zirconium, etc. and carbon nanotubes, mixed with an amorphous additive containing catalytic metals like zirconium, nickel, etc. and carbon nanotubes. The composite is formed by casting, severe plastic deformation, and high-energy ball milling. The composite has a higher reversible hydrogen storage capacity, faster hydrogen absorption and desorption rates, and lower working temperature than pure magnesium.

Source

A reversible hydrogen storage and production system for fuel cells that allows efficient storage and release of hydrogen produced by the cell. The system uses two storage devices, one with a material that absorbs hydrogen at low pressure and another with a material that absorbs hydrogen at higher pressure. When the fuel cell operates in the hydrogen production mode, it transfers heat to the lower pressure storage device to absorb more hydrogen. This higher pressure hydrogen is then transferred to the fuel cell. The lower pressure storage device is recharged by releasing hydrogen at lower pressure. This allows maximizing hydrogen storage capacity while keeping the fuel cell operating at optimal conditions.

Source

High-capacity, easily activated hydrogen storage alloy and a preparation method for it. The alloy is a 46FF552L81-based composition with specific atomic ratios: 71.15% yYxPryFe0.75Mn0.352mzrzBim, where x, y, z, m are atomic ratios with values 0.01WxW0.04, 0.01WyW0.04, 0.05WzW0.20, 0.01WmW0.04. The alloy has a nanocrystalline structure with a grain size of 40-60nm and high defect density. The alloy contains both TiFe and ZrMn phases for improved hydrogen storage capacity and activation.

Source

Hydrogen storage system for fuel cell vehicles that improves energy density compared to traditional hydrogen storage methods. The system uses a reactor to convert metal powder into hydrogen gas and metal oxide using steam generated from the fuel cell's exhaust water. The metal powder is heated to melt, then mixed with steam in the reactor to react and produce hydrogen. This allows storing more hydrogen by using the metal as an intermediate instead of pure hydrogen. The metal oxide can be stored separately.

Source

A metal hydride alloy for storing hydrogen with high capacity and low hysteresis suitable for combined hydrogen storage and compression applications. The alloy has a specific composition of 1.8-2.2% yttrium (Y), 0.1-0.2% cerium (Ce), and the balance zirconium (Zr) and nickel (Ni). The alloy is prepared by rapid solidification in rotating roll tempering melt to form flakes. The alloy has improved hydrogen absorption and desorption properties compared to conventional AB2 alloys, with lower hysteresis and higher reversibility. The rotating roll tempering melt method allows for controlled segregation of the elements during solidification to optimize the alloy structure for hydrogen storage.

Source

Hydrogen storage materials for use in low temperature environments like -20°C that have high hydrogen storage capacity, small hysteresis, and favorable plateau flatness. The materials are rare earth-transition metal alloys like LaCeSmNiMnCoAl with compositions optimized for low temperature performance. They have large hydrogen absorption and desorption capacities, small hysteresis between absorption and desorption isotherms, and square-shaped isotherms for easy hydrogen release. The materials are suitable for hydrogen storage tanks in cold areas and hydrogen compressors where high desorption pressures are needed at low temperatures.

Source

Hydrogen storage arrangement for vehicles to increase range by reducing hydrogen loss and weight. It uses two storage containers - a first for liquid/cryo hydrogen and a second for metal hydride. Boil-off from the first container goes to the second. A valve releases excess boil-off to atmosphere if the second is full. This prevents hydrogen loss compared to just liquid storage. The metal hydride reduces weight compared to just metal hydride storage.

Source

Power plant with fuel cells using hydrogen storage devices containing intermetallic alloys, cooled during absorption with liquid hydrogen-containing fuel and heated during desorption with reaction water from the fuel cells. The power plant has multiple hydrogen storage tanks, each alternating between absorption and desorption. This allows simultaneous hydrogen absorption and desorption without needing separate tanks for each process. The cooling and heating sources are provided by the liquid hydrogen fuel and reaction water respectively, improving safety and efficiency compared to external cooling/heating.

Source

Integrated system for purifying, storing, and pressurizing hydrogen using metal hydride reactors. The system has multiple metal hydride reactors with different pressure ratings connected in stages. Hydrogen purification, storage, and pressurization is achieved by cycling between absorption and desorption reactions in the reactors using a common heat source. The reactors are heated to absorb hydrogen, then cooled to desorb it at higher pressure. Impurity tail gas is purged between stages using hydrogen from the storage tank. The multi-stage setup allows continuous purification and pressurization of hydrogen at different levels without separate filling stations.

Source

Efficiently powering electric vehicles like drones using hydrogen fuel cells with solid hydrogen storage materials. The system uses a metal hydride in a container as the hydrogen source. A heater heats the metal hydride to release hydrogen into a storage tank. A pressure sensor monitors tank pressure and the heater controller powers the heater based on the sensor. This ensures optimal hydrogen flow to the fuel cell without overpressure. The fuel cell powers the vehicle motor using the hydrogen from the tank. The solid hydrogen storage allows higher hydrogen density compared to compressed gas for longer range.

Source

Hydrogen fuel cell system for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that uses solid-state hydrogen storage instead of compressed gas cylinders to significantly increase flight times. The system includes a metal hydride fuel vessel, a hydrogen tank, a pressure sensor, a heater, and a fuel cell. The heater is controlled based on tank pressure to release hydrogen from the solid storage. This enables efficient hydrogen supply from the metal hydride without the bulk and safety concerns of compressed gas. A pressure sensor monitors the tank, and a controller powers the heater when needed to provide hydrogen to the fuel cell.

Source

A system to efficiently provide hydrogen for solid oxide fuel cells using waste heat from the cells themselves. The system involves a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage device that can release hydrogen at high temperatures. The hydrogen storage device is integrated with the fuel cell system, allowing the cells' exhaust gas to heat the storage material and release hydrogen. Diverters, pumps, and heat exchangers are used to circulate the hot exhaust gas and transfer heat to the storage device. This provides a self-sufficient hydrogen supply using the fuel cell's waste heat.

Source

A method for solid-state hydrogen storage at normal temperature and pressure using materials that can reversibly absorb and release hydrogen without compression. The method involves using materials like rare earth metals, magnesium, and certain alloys that can store hydrogen at ambient conditions. The hydrogen is absorbed into the material's lattice structure at low hydrogen pressures, and can be released by heating or reducing the pressure. This allows safe and convenient storage and transportation of hydrogen without the need for high-pressure tanks.

Source

A hydrogen storage tank for a fuel cell system that provides a high capacity hydrogen storage solution with reduced metal hydride leakage compared to existing tanks. The tank has a pressure-resistant container with a metal hydride inside that absorbs and releases hydrogen. The metal hydride is fixed within a porous matrix material. This prevents metal hydride particles from dislodging and leaking out of the tank.

Source

An integrated hydrogen storage alloy hydrogen fuel cell system that uses the heat released during hydrogen absorption by the storage alloy to improve efficiency and reduce energy consumption compared to traditional fuel cell systems. The system has a fuel cell stack, hydrogen storage tank, hydrogen supply device, air supply device, heat exchange cycle device, and control device. The hydrogen storage tank contains a hydrogen-absorbing alloy. During dehydrogenation, an electric heater at the tank outlet heats the alloy to increase hydrogen desorption. The heat exchange cycle transfers heat between the tank and stack. During hydrogenation, the tank releases heat to the stack. This avoids the need for bulky radiators and allows using the tank as a heat sink.

Source

Hydrogen storage materials with improved hydrogen storage properties for hydrogen storage applications. The materials have compositions containing specific rare earth elements and transition metals like La, Ce, Sm, Ni, Mn, Co, and have low hysteresis between absorption and desorption pressure-composition isotherms. This provides good squareness in the desorption isotherm, large hydrogen storage capacity, and stable desorption pressure. The materials are suitable for hydrogen storage at moderate temperatures and can be prepared by casting methods.

Source

Pressure regulating hydrogen storage system for efficient hydrogen transportation and supply at industrial applications. The system has a pressure regulating hydrogen storage device with multiple tanks filled with metal hydrides. The tanks are connected in series along a hydrogen pipeline. The tank group with lower hydrogen storage capacity operates at lower pressure. This allows high pressure hydrogen from the pipeline to be efficiently transferred to the load without needing high pressure storage. The tanks can be cooled for better hydrogen absorption. The system has control to manage tank filling, discharging, and temperature regulation. It also has a purification unit for pipeline hydrogen. This enables matching pipeline hydrogen pressure to loads, reducing energy consumption compared to high pressure storage.

Source

A hydrogen storage system using hydrogen storage alloys that can quickly and efficiently store and supply hydrogen for fuel cells. The system uses refrigerant or heat to cool or heat the hydrogen storage alloy, allowing rapid hydrogen uptake and release. This allows hydrogen storage capacity to be increased compared to just using the alloy at ambient temperature. The alloy is embedded in multiple tanks with a main storage tank and sub-storage tanks. A refrigerant circulates through the tanks to cool/heat the alloy. This allows quick hydrogen charging and discharging with consistent hydrogen pressure.

Source

Hydrogen storage system for electric utility vehicles like fuel cell forklifts that solves the challenge of providing sufficient vehicle counterweight when replacing lead-acid batteries with lighter fuel cell power systems. The system uses metal hydride hydrogen storage integrated with the vehicle structure rather than adding separate ballast. The metal hydride storage tanks are distributed around the vehicle to provide counterbalance weight while storing hydrogen. This avoids the need for additional ballast and allows direct replacement of lead-acid batteries with fuel cell power systems.

Source

Hydrogen storage alloy, hydrogen storage method, hydrogen release method and power generation system for using hydrogen as a fuel. The hydrogen storage alloy has a composition of Ti1FexMnyNbz (0.804≤x≤0.941, 0≤y≤0.136, 0≤z≤0.081) to increase the effective hydrogen storage capacity between 0.2 MPa and 1.1 MPa. This allows higher hydrogen densities and pressures for hydrogen storage and release compared to conventional alloys. The storage method involves absorbing hydrogen at pressures below 1.1 MPa. The release method maintains a minimum pressure of 0.2 MPa as hydrogen is released. This prevents pressure loss during fuel cell operation. The alloy, release method and storage method can be used in a

Source

Hydrogen storage system for fuel cells and hydrogen engines that enables cold start capability without an external heating system. It uses two tanks: a starter tank with a high temperature hydride that can release hydrogen at low pressure and temperature, and an operating tank with a low temperature hydride that absorbs hydrogen at low pressure and temperature. The starter tank provides hydrogen to start the fuel cell or engine, then the operating tank takes over once it has warmed up. The starter tank is thermally insulated from the operating tank so it doesn't cool down.

Source

A hydrogen storage system for fuel cells that enables cold starts and reduces the need for external heating. The system uses two tanks, a starter tank with a high temperature hydride that can desorb hydrogen at low temperatures, and an operating tank with a low temperature hydride that can absorb hydrogen at low temperatures. The starter tank is incorporated into the operating tank and thermally insulated to prevent heat transfer. When starting the fuel cell, it is supplied from the starter tank until it warms up. Then the operating tank takes over and the starter tank is recharged from the operating tank. This allows cold starts without external heating. The starter tank can have a thicker shell for high pressure since it only needs to withstand the hydride's max pressure at charging temps.

Source

Room temperature hydrogen storage alloy and fuel system for economical and efficient hydrogen storage. The alloy is based on Ti-Fe-Zr-Mn with specific compositions to achieve controlled hydrogen absorption and release at atmospheric pressures. The alloy has flat hydrogen absorption pressures of 1-10 atm at 20-30°C and release plateaus of 2+ atm at 60°C. This enables practical hydrogen storage and release at atmospheric pressures. The alloy composition allows reducing the hydrogen charging pressure below 10 atm to meet safety regulations. The fuel system uses this alloy in a storage container with controlled supply and release pipes.

Source