Safety Regulations for Fuel Cell Systems

Hydrogen fuel cell system for houses with a dedicated fuel cell room to prevent explosions. The system has a hydrogen fuel cell device inside the room, along with safety measures like ventilation, hydrogen sensors, shutoff valves, and exhaust fans. The safety device monitors hydrogen levels and can immediately block hydrogen supply if leaks are detected. This prevents hazardous hydrogen buildup inside the room.

Source

Redundant control method for closing hydrogen valves in fuel cell vehicles after collisions to prevent hydrogen leakage. The method involves multiple triggers for closing the hydrogen valve in response to a collision detection. The airbag module (ABM) sends a collision signal to the power domain controller (PDCU) over CAN and to the hydrogen management system (HMS) over hard-wired connections. The PDCU then sends an emergency stop command to HMS via CAN. This allows closing of the hydrogen valve even if the ABM hard-wired connection fails. The redundant trigger mechanism ensures timely valve closure after collisions to avoid hydrogen leakage.

Source

Fuel cell system for aircraft that minimizes hydrogen explosion risk during emergency landings. The system has rapid hydrogen discharge valves on both the fuel cell stack and hydrogen tank. If an aircraft failure is detected during flight, the system diagnoses the cause. For stack failures, the hydrogen tank valve is opened to quickly discharge remaining hydrogen. For other failures, the stack valve is opened. This controlled hydrogen discharge reduces explosion risk from collisions during emergency landings compared to uncontrolled discharge.

Source

Vehicle fuel cell hydrogen safety system that uses cloud diagnostics to monitor hydrogen fuel cell systems for leaks and other issues. The system has sensors in the hydrogen supply system that send signals to a controller and a vehicle-mounted device. The controller analyzes the signals to detect emergencies like hydrogen concentration, pressure, or temperature abnormalities. It then sends instructions to the vehicle to take appropriate actions like stopping, shutting down, or warning. The cloud platform analyzes non-emergency issues and pushes alerts to users. This allows remote monitoring and coordinated response to hydrogen system faults.

Source

Hydrogen control system for fuel cell vehicles that improves safety by allowing the vehicle controller to cut off hydrogen supply in case of communication failures. The system uses dual control of the vehicle and hydrogen system controllers to power the bottle valve solenoid valve. Both controllers need to be on for power, so if one goes off, hydrogen supply is cut. This prevents accidental hydrogen leakage if the hydrogen system loses communication.

Source

Fuel cell system design to prevent performance degradation and safety issues during emergency shutdowns. The system has features like closing valves to seal the air and hydrogen circuits, pressure relief paths to vent excessive pressure, and surge protection for the air compressor. During power off, the air and hydrogen circuits are sealed. The air circuit vents excess pressure through the tail pipe. The hydrogen circuit vents through a normally open valve. This prevents pressure buildup in sealed circuits that can degrade fuel cell performance or cause damage. The air compressor surge protection prevents surges by increasing flow and leaving the surge zone when pressure is high.

Source

Hydrogen fuel cell control system for safe operation of fuel cell vehicles. The system uses a central control module to manage power, hydrogen, air, cooling and sensors. It has components like a hydrogen circulation pump, air compressor, water pump, and sensors for pressure, temperature, flow, concentration, current, and voltage. The central control module sequentially checks and tests all components during startup to ensure proper functioning before allowing operation. It also has fail-safe shutdown procedures for faults like low voltage, high temperature, excessive pressure, and sensor failures. The system aims to prevent hazards like explosions by thoroughly verifying components and shutting down if issues arise.

Source

Safety control method and system for fuel cell vehicles that can effectively prevent high-pressure hydrogen from entering the fuel cell stack without relying solely on the measured value of the hydrogen pressure sensor. It determines if the hydrogen pressure sensor is faulty based on the hydrogen supply pressure measured by the sensor. If the sensor is faulty, it uses the hydrogen valve opening signal to determine if high-pressure hydrogen is entering the stack. This allows detecting issues with the hydrogen pressure sensor beyond just its measured value.

Source

Integrated control system for hydrogen fuel cell testing laboratories that prevents fuel cell damage, fires, and explosions during testing. The system has sensors for hydrogen concentration, hydrogen flow, pressure, water flow, and temperature, along with emergency stop buttons, alarms, and a hydrogen concentration detector. It connects all sensors to a central control cabinet, which monitors conditions and can automatically shut off supplies if thresholds are exceeded, like low water flow or high hydrogen concentration. It also has a display to show sensor readings. This integrated control system provides comprehensive safety monitoring and intervention to prevent issues like hydrogen leakage, resource shortage, and explosive hydrogen accumulation during fuel cell testing.

Source

A comprehensive safety control system for fuel cell vehicles that ensures hydrogen system safety during hydrogenation, storage, discharge, and fuel cell operation. The system uses sensors to monitor temperature, pressure, hydrogen concentration, and collision events. It has strategies like warning and closing valves when conditions exceed thresholds. The system interacts with the fuel cell controller to provide warnings and cutoff signals. The hydrogen system wakes, communicates, and closes valves when the vehicle starts.

Source

A hydrogen safety intelligent central control system for hydrogen fuel cell ships to mitigate risks associated with hydrogen fuel cell systems on ships. The system has a central control unit, fuel cell unit, supervisory unit, and safety execution unit. It provides comprehensive monitoring, alarms, and emergency response for marine hydrogen safety. The central unit coordinates interaction of ship systems. The supervisory unit feeds back faults. If the main controller fails, the slave takes over. Emergency stops activate backup. Real-time monitoring of voltages and insulation prevents grounding.

Source

A hydrogen fuel cell refrigerated container safety system that prevents explosions and fires by monitoring hydrogen concentration levels. The system uses a hydrogen concentration sensor to detect hydrogen leaks. If the hydrogen concentration reaches a certain threshold, an alarm is triggered. The alarm levels are escalating, with the first alarm at a lower threshold, the second alarm at a higher threshold, and the third alarm at the highest threshold. This allows timely action to be taken at lower leaks before a major incident occurs. The system can also automatically shut down the fuel cell, close the hydrogen valve, and cut power sources if a critical hydrogen concentration is reached.

Source

A recovery control system for fuel cells that can detect and recover from air supply issues that can occur when restarting the fuel cell after a shutdown. The system senses abnormal cell voltage behavior that indicates insufficient air supply. When this is detected after certain conditions are met, it increases the air flow to avoid cell performance degradation. The recovery system monitors voltage differences between measured and expected values. If the difference changes in a certain way after a power down, it indicates air supply issues and triggers increased airflow.

Source

Techniques to control purging of fuel cells to remove accumulated gases and water at the anode, without excessive purging. The method involves periodically opening a purge valve when the fuel cell is at a lower pressure than its nominal operating pressure. The lower pressure is 70-95% of the nominal pressure. If the purge valve doesn't open within a maximum time, it could indicate a valve jam.

Source

Fault handling system for fuel cell vehicles that improves safety and reliability by detecting hydrogen leakage levels from the fuel supply system and taking appropriate actions based on the severity. The system has controllers for the fuel supply and fuel cell. The fuel supply controller monitors leakage and waits for a closing command if leakage is above a threshold but below critical. The fuel cell controller shuts down normally if leakage is above threshold. If leakage is critical, the fuel supply closes in an emergency and the fuel cell shuts down. This graded response based on leakage severity improves safety and reliability compared to just shutting down at critical levels.

Source

A hydrogen management system for fuel cell vehicles that improves safety and reliability of the hydrogen system. The system has separate modules for hydrogen detection, control, and safety that are connected via communication. The hydrogen control module manages the onboard hydrogen system, detects and alarms hydrogen safety, receives commands from the fuel cell control module, and sends hydrogen system signals. The hydrogen detection module has sensors for cylinder safety, valve control, and pressure regulation. The hydrogen safety module detects hydrogen leaks. This modular design enables clear communication between the hydrogen system, fuel cell, vehicle, and instrumentation for better reliability and safety.

Source

A hydrogen refueling station safety system to prevent accidents like hydrogen leaks and explosions. The system uses an emergency shutdown (ESD) system that can quickly respond to hydrogen leakage events and take protective actions. The ESD system is independent of the regular station control system. It has real-time hydrogen leakage monitoring, storage, and alarm capabilities. If a leak is detected, the ESD system triggers interlocking or emergency shutdown of station equipment to prevent further hazardous diffusion.

Source

Fuel cell electric vehicle hydrogen supply system with independent control of multiple hydrogen cylinders for improved safety and reliability compared to prior systems. Each cylinder has a dedicated valve integration unit with solenoid, one-way, manual valve, temperature sensor, and pressure sensor connected to the controller. This allows independent monitoring and control of each cylinder. A separate hydrogen pipeline with valve, filter, decompression valve, pressure sensor, and gauge connects the cylinders to the fuel cell.

Source

Closed-loop control system for fuel cells that prevents hydrogen concentration inside the fuel cell pack from exceeding safe limits. The system monitors hydrogen concentration and takes corrective action when it becomes abnormal. This prevents issues like ice buildup in low temperature environments that can damage the fuel cell. If hydrogen concentration rises above safe levels, the system reduces hydrogen flow or increases venting to bring it back within limits. This ensures hydrogen concentration stays within safe ranges to avoid damage to the fuel cell stack.

Source

Safety protection system for hydrogen fuel cells in hydrogen energy storage power stations to improve cell safety by adding backup protection to complement the existing system. The backup protection includes a dedicated device with sensors and controls to monitor critical parameters like hydrogen pressure, temperature, air pressure, and current. It can cut off gas supply, stop the cell, and trip the switch if thresholds are exceeded. This provides redundant safety in case of main system failures or communication issues.

Source