Optical Modules for Micro-LED Displays

MicroLED display with improved color conversion efficiency. The microLED has a unique structure that confines light generated in the LED core and converts it to a longer wavelength using quantum dots in pores. This reduces light escaping the LED and improves conversion efficiency. The quantum dots absorb the LED's shorter wavelength light and emit the longer wavelength light. The internal passivation, external passivation, and top electrode confine the light in the microLED structure.

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Display baseplate with improved light extraction for spliced displays, like microLED screens. The baseplate has a backplate with light emitters on one side covered by an encapsulation layer. The backplate has two main surfaces that are not coplanar. The light emitters are on the flatter main surface. The encapsulation covers the emitters and prevents light leakage from side edges. This prevents light bleeding between adjacent baseplates in a spliced display. The backplate shape and encapsulation prevent light escape from side surfaces when adjacent baseplates are stacked.

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Micro LED display with improved light extraction efficiency and miniaturization. The design involves coupling the lower metal layer to the p-electrode, which allows miniaturization compared to separating the lower metal layer from the p-electrode. This reduces misalignment issues during manufacturing. The lower metal layer reflects light generated in the LED active layer toward the p-electrode side. This increases the overall light extraction efficiency compared to just having a transparent bottom electrode. The lower metal layer and p-electrode can also serve as a common electrode for multiple LED elements.

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Thinner, more efficient microLED display substrate with improved brightness and reduced thickness compared to conventional designs. The substrate has microLEDs covered by protective structures with reflective patterns on the sides facing away from the LEDs. This allows light emitted by the LEDs to be reflected back towards the protective structures and out of areas uncovered by the reflective patterns. This reduces the optical distance and improves mixing compared to bare microLEDs. The reflective patterns enable thinner displays with equivalent brightness by reducing the optical distance.

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Near-eye display with improved color uniformity and light efficiency using a single-layer optical waveguide. The display has a substrate with coupling, relay, and outcoupling units. The coupling units bring the RGB beams into the waveguide, the relay units diffract them, and the outcoupling unit exits the waveguide. The relay units optimize the diffraction angles of R, G, and B beams to balance light energy and improve color uniformity. The relay and outcoupling units can be on opposite substrate surfaces for simplicity.

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Micro-LED display pixels to improve color purity and efficiency by collimating emitted light and reducing cross-talk between sub-pixels. Each pixel has multiple sub-pixels with lenses and reflectors that contain and redirect the emitted light. The reflectors reflect pump light and transmit converted light. They also have apertures to limit cross-talk. This improves efficiency by preventing unconverted pump light from escaping the pixel. The lenses collimate the light to increase collection efficiency. The reflectors and lenses are designed to match and optimize the sub-pixel emissions.

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Waveguide structure and display device for high brightness and integrity of displayed images with expanded optical aperture. The waveguide structure has multiple optical channels arranged perpendicularly. Each channel has transflective parts to guide light. Barriers between channels prevent light crosstalk. This constrains light propagation in multiple dimensions. Stacked waveguide structures with different viewing angles expand the viewable field. This allows using a single waveguide structure group to display the entire field of view from an image source.

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MicroLED pixel configuration and display panel design to avoid dispersion and color inconsistency problems in small angle microLED displays. Multiple microLEDs of different colors are arranged on a circular arc with a common center point. The microLEDs emit light towards an optical component that collects and emits the light at a preset angle. The microLEDs are positioned so their light beams coincide after rotating around the center point. This ensures the emitted light from all microLEDs enters and exits the optical component at the same angle, preventing dispersion and color variation when using optical components to narrow the viewing angle.

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Waveguide-based illuminator for high efficiency display panels. The illuminator has a waveguide array with parallel waveguides. Sub-beams are split from an input beam and guided through the array. Inline outcouplers extract sub-beams from each waveguide to form a 2D array. Flattening techniques like varying duty cycle, width, or height with distance from splitter improve uniformity. The outcoupled sub-beams illuminate the display pixels. Multiple waveguide arrays can interleave for opposite propagation directions.

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Micro-LED display module with built-in color conversion function to improve efficiency and simplify manufacturing of micro-LED displays without separate color conversion layers. The display has a micro-lens array above the micro-LEDs. The lenses focus and direct the light while the array's barriers and color converters between the lenses convert the LED colors. This eliminates the need for separate color conversion films. The converters are formed in the barriers using quantum dot ink. The array also has absorber layers to prevent cross-talk and reflection layers to increase efficiency.

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Micro LED structure for AR/VR displays with improved light patterns using optical structures like lenses and reflective cups over each micro LED chip. The micro LED structure includes multiple micro LED chips arranged in a line, each with a reflective coating around the sidewalls. Optical structures, such as asymmetric lenses and reflective cups, are placed over each micro LED chip to shape and direct the light output.

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LED display panel with integrated micro lenses for improving brightness and reducing crosstalk in LED displays. The panel has an array of pixel driver circuits, an array of LED dies, an array of micro lenses, and an optical spacer between the LED and micro lens arrays. The micro lenses are formed on the LEDs to collimate the light emission and reduce divergence. This improves display brightness, reduces light crosstalk between pixels, and allows using projection lenses with smaller apertures.

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Micro-LEDs with micro-lenses for improving efficiency of micro-LED displays and eye tracking. Micro-LEDs with mesa structures and backside reflectors are paired with micro-lenses. The lenses extract light from the LEDs and direct it in desired directions. This optimizes the beam profiles for efficient coupling into waveguide displays and onto users' eyes. The lenses have offsets from the LED centers that vary across the array. This causes the lens chief rays to propagate at angles that counteract walk-off in the display optics. The LEDs themselves have narrow beam profiles for high extraction efficiency.

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Narrow angle collimated lighting device using micro LEDs and waveguides for applications like displays, headlights, and lighting. The device has an array of micro LEDs emitting light through a transparent substrate. Behind each micro LED is an optical element consisting of a waveguide with reflective facets. The waveguide guides and collimates the light from the micro LED. The reflective facets reflect the collimated light back into the waveguide for extraction through the transparent substrate. This provides collimated output from the micro LEDs without the need for external optics.

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Micro light emitting diodes (μLEDs) used as a light source for displays and other applications suffer from poor collimation of the emitted light due to their small size. Waveguides made of transparent crystalline semiconductor material are used as secondary optics to reduce the beam divergence of μLEDs. The waveguides capture and confine the light from the LED to transmit it with reduced divergence. This allows efficient collimation without using lenses. The waveguides are fabricated from crystalline semiconductor materials like GaN that are transparent to the LED's emission wavelengths.

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Micro LED displays with micro lenses to improve efficiency and reduce walk-off. The displays have arrays of microscopic LEDs with corresponding micro lenses on top. The lenses extract and collimate the LED light. They have different lateral displacements from the LEDs to direct the principal rays in unique directions. This compensates for the internal LED walk-off effect. The lenses also extract more light compared to direct extraction. The lenses can be fabricated using techniques like photolithography and direct etching.

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Switchable lighting device for displays, backlighting, and ambient lighting that can switch between narrow and wide angle illumination. The device uses an array of sub-arrays of micro LEDs behind a transmissive substrate. Each sub-array has an associated optical element with a rear layer, transmissive material, and transmissive substrate matching refractive index. The rear layer reflects light back into the waveguide formed by the layers. Extraction facets guide light out through the substrate. This provides collimated narrow angle light from the micro LEDs. By switching the light input structure, light is guided wider angles through total internal reflection. This allows narrow angle viewing for individual users vs wide angle for groups.

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Optical film for diffusing and collecting light from mini or micro LEDs that efficiently and uniformly diffuses and collects the light from mini LEDs or micro LEDs. The film includes a first diffusing sheet with a bead diffusion layer on one surface and a pattern diffusion layer on the other surface, and a prism sheet to collect the diffused light. The bead layer difuses light more than the pattern layer to optimize diffusion from mini LEDs.

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Semiconductor light emitting devices like LEDs with planar optical components to more precisely modify the emission pattern using epitaxial growth and lateral oxidation/etching techniques. The components are formed from multiple semiconductor layers with varying compositions that oxidize/etch at different rates. Trenches are formed and the layers oxidized/etched to create optical components like micro-lenses or prisms. The layer thickness and composition are precisely controlled to fabricate the components using standard semiconductor processing. This allows integrated and efficient fabrication of devices with tailored light emission.

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Reducing waveguide light loss and improving frontal light emission efficiency in displays with light sources like micro LEDs. The optical structure between the light source and the display module has a body with a curved shape that reflects light from lower angles back toward the front. This concentrates more light from the waveguide structure to the front of the display for better brightness and reduced power consumption compared to a flat stack. The curved shape helps avoid light divergence that occurs with convex lenses.

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