Probiotics for Cancer Treatment: Research and Patent Insights

Combination therapy for cancer that combines dendritic cell vaccination with fecal microbial transplant (FMT) from pathologic complete response (pCR) donors. This approach uses dendritic cells pulsed with oncodrivers to stimulate anti-tumor immune responses. It enhances the therapeutic efficacy of dendritic cell vaccination by also modifying the tumor microenvironment through FMT. The FMT is from pCR donors who had a robust anti-tumor immune response. Additionally, inhibiting immunoregulatory molecules like SEMA4D can further enhance the immune response. The combination therapy aims to improve cancer treatment by activating anti-tumor immunity and modifying the tumor microenvironment.

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Combining an immune checkpoint inhibitor with a pharmaceutical composition containing bacterial cells, culture supernatant, metabolites, and/or extracts from Ruminococcaceae enterobacterium to enhance immune response against tumors/cancers. The composition is isolated from subjects who have responded well to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

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Using the bacterium Alistipes finegoldii and its components as synergists with immune checkpoint inhibitors to enhance efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.

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Anticancer composition containing Weissella cibaria strain, isolated from kimchi, for prevention and treatment of cancer. The composition can be used in pharmaceuticals, food products, and animal feed.

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Bacterial compositions that increase the production of beneficial isothiocyanates from glucosinolates in cruciferous plants. The compositions contain specific strains like Bacillus subtilis that have myrosinase activity to convert glucosinolates into isothiocyanates like sulforaphane. Administering these compositions along with glucosinolate-rich foods increases the bioavailability of isothiocyanates for health benefits like activating the Nrf2 pathway, reducing inflammation, and treating cancer.

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Bacteria from the Christensenellaceae family, Parasutterella genus, Negativibacillus genus and Massiliomicrobiota genus are used to prevent and treat diseases characterized by excess 2-hydroxyglutarate in humans or animals, such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. Administering these bacteria reduces 2-hydroxyglutarate levels. They are used in compositions to provide effective amounts of the bacteria.

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A Lactobacillus plantarum LMT17-31 strain that has been found to have anti-tumor activity. The strain can be used as an ingredient in pharmaceutical or food compositions for preventing or treating cancer.

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Using genetically engineered Salmonella bacteria expressing the L-methioninase gene as a therapeutic to prevent and treat lung cancer. The bacteria specifically infect tumor tissues and release the enzyme methioninase, which degrades methionine. This exploits the known methionine dependence of most tumor cells. By depleting methionine in the tumor microenvironment, bacterial treatment inhibits tumor growth and metastasis.

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Pharmaceutical compositions comprising Fournierella massiliensis bacteria or its extracellular vesicles (EVs) for treating diseases like cancer, autoimmunity, inflammation, dysbiosis, and metabolic disorders. The compositions can contain live/killed/attenuated bacteria or secreted/processed EVs from the bacteria.

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A method to prevent and treat nasopharyngeal carcinoma using probiotics. The method involves administering Lactobacillus paracasei or heat-killed whole-bacterial extracts to inhibit nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through pyroptosis or cell cycle arrest. The heat-killed extracts contain bioactive molecules like peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid that can reduce nasopharyngeal carcinoma development.

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A probiotic system that can treat malignant tumors. It uses an inorganic material like clay mixed with probiotics to form a stable, long-term composite. The inorganic material provides a growth environment for the probiotics. The system can inhibit tumor growth and has potential as a cancer treatment. The inorganic material must have a positive charge to selectively support probiotic biofilm formation.

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Using gut bacteria lysates to boost immune response to cancer therapy. The lysates are from specific species of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that have similar DNA features to gut bacteria. The lysates are combined with a carrier and administered as a pharmaceutical composition. The lysates can be used alone or in combination with other cancer treatments to improve efficacy of immunotherapy and radiation therapy. The lysates may contain bacterial components like CpG DNA and Lipid A that stimulate the immune system when injected into patients.

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Using a lactic acid bacteria exopolysaccharide to enhance immune checkpoint blockade therapy in cancer treatment. The exopolysaccharide is from a lactic acid bacterium like Lactobacillus and can be derived from yogurt. Administering the exopolysaccharide orally increases the ratio of CCR6-positive CD8+ T cells, which are able to recognize and kill cancer cells. This helps immune checkpoint inhibitors like CTLA-4 and PD-1 inhibitors work better to suppress tumor growth.

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Converting oleuropein in olives and olive oil to the more bioavailable and health beneficial hydroxytyrosol through microbial fermentation. The Lactobacillus pentosus OL79 bacterial strain or active variants can be used to increase the conversion of oleuropein to hydroxytyrosol. The strain can be administered orally or topically to increase hydroxytyrosol levels in the body for health benefits like reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and treating diseases like cardiovascular conditions, metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer.

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Compositions of bacterial strains that induce and/or proliferate CD8+ T-cells when administered together. The bacterial mixture can be used to treat diseases that can be treated by boosting CD8+ T-cells, such as infectious diseases and cancers. The compositions can also be used to improve cancer immunotherapy and vaccine efficacy by enhancing CD8+ T-cell responses.

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Administering probiotics, prebiotics or anti-bacterial compounds to modulate the pancreatic and gastrointestinal microbiota to prevent and treat pancreatic cancer.

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Genetically modified Salmonella bacteria that selectively target and kill cancer cells through self-eradication. The bacteria are engineered to have increased tumoricidal activity by modifying their chemotaxis, glucose metabolism, and toxicity. This involves genes for constitutive glucose uptake, increased chemotaxis towards tumors, deletion of pyruvate kinase genes to convert glucose to phosphoenolpyruvate instead of lactate, reduced toxicity in non-tumor cells, and additional mutations for enhanced T cell activation. The bacteria can also express decoy proteins to disrupt tumor signaling pathways.

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Increasing gene silencing to decrease viral and/or cancer cell expression through upregulation of RNA interference coupled with drug medicaments. The compositions contain herbal extracts of carnivorous plants like pitcher plants, along with cofactors like magnesium and glutathione, and drugs. Administering these compositions to patients can enhance gene silencing and p53 expression to decrease viral load and cancerous cells.

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Synthetic bacterial minicells called Achromosomal Dynamic Active Systems (ADAS) that can deliver cargoes like genes, proteins, and drugs into target cells. The ADAS are derived from bacteria but lack a genome. They are highly active and loaded with ATP for energy. Key features that make them useful delivery vehicles are: 1) Bacterial secretion systems like T3SS for cargo export, 2) Lack of toxic factors like LPS, 3) Targeting moieties for cell-specific delivery, 4) Stability and cargo protection.

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A combined therapy of an Akkermansia muciniphila strain and an immune checkpoint inhibitor like PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors to improve effectiveness of immunotherapy in treating tumors like colon, lung, breast, melanoma, kidney, urothelial cancers. Administering the Akkermansia muciniphila strain before or simultaneously with the immune checkpoint inhibitor enhances tumor suppression compared to the inhibitor alone. The Akkermansia muciniphila appears to activate the immune system to better respond to the checkpoint inhibitor.

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