Probiotic Treatment in Cancer Therapy

Combination therapy for cancer that combines dendritic cell vaccination with fecal microbial transplant (FMT) from pathologic complete response (pCR) donors. This approach uses dendritic cells pulsed with oncodrivers to stimulate anti-tumor immune responses. It enhances the therapeutic efficacy of dendritic cell vaccination by also modifying the tumor microenvironment through FMT. The FMT is from pCR donors who had a robust anti-tumor immune response. Additionally, inhibiting immunoregulatory molecules like SEMA4D can further enhance the immune response. The combination therapy aims to improve cancer treatment by activating anti-tumor immunity and modifying the tumor microenvironment.

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Combining an immune checkpoint inhibitor with a pharmaceutical composition containing bacterial cells, culture supernatant, metabolites, and/or extracts from Ruminococcaceae enterobacterium to enhance immune response against tumors/cancers. The composition is isolated from subjects who have responded well to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

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Using the bacterium Alistipes finegoldii and its components as synergists with immune checkpoint inhibitors to enhance efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.

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Anticancer composition containing Weissella cibaria strain, isolated from kimchi, for prevention and treatment of cancer. The composition can be used in pharmaceuticals, food products, and animal feed.

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Bacteria from the Christensenellaceae family, Parasutterella genus, Negativibacillus genus and Massiliomicrobiota genus are used to prevent and treat diseases characterized by excess 2-hydroxyglutarate in humans or animals, such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. Administering these bacteria reduces 2-hydroxyglutarate levels. They are used in compositions to provide effective amounts of the bacteria.

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A Lactobacillus plantarum LMT17-31 strain that has been found to have anti-tumor activity. The strain can be used as an ingredient in pharmaceutical or food compositions for preventing or treating cancer.

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Pharmaceutical compositions comprising Fournierella massiliensis bacteria or its extracellular vesicles (EVs) for treating diseases like cancer, autoimmunity, inflammation, dysbiosis, and metabolic disorders. The compositions can contain live/killed/attenuated bacteria or secreted/processed EVs from the bacteria.

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A method to prevent and treat nasopharyngeal carcinoma using probiotics. The method involves administering Lactobacillus paracasei or heat-killed whole-bacterial extracts to inhibit nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through pyroptosis or cell cycle arrest. The heat-killed extracts contain bioactive molecules like peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid that can reduce nasopharyngeal carcinoma development.

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A probiotic system that can treat malignant tumors. It uses an inorganic material like clay mixed with probiotics to form a stable, long-term composite. The inorganic material provides a growth environment for the probiotics. The system can inhibit tumor growth and has potential as a cancer treatment. The inorganic material must have a positive charge to selectively support probiotic biofilm formation.

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Using gut bacteria lysates to boost immune response to cancer therapy. The lysates are from specific species of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that have similar DNA features to gut bacteria. The lysates are combined with a carrier and administered as a pharmaceutical composition. The lysates can be used alone or in combination with other cancer treatments to improve efficacy of immunotherapy and radiation therapy. The lysates may contain bacterial components like CpG DNA and Lipid A that stimulate the immune system when injected into patients.

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Using a lactic acid bacteria exopolysaccharide to enhance immune checkpoint blockade therapy in cancer treatment. The exopolysaccharide is from a lactic acid bacterium like Lactobacillus and can be derived from yogurt. Administering the exopolysaccharide orally increases the ratio of CCR6-positive CD8+ T cells, which are able to recognize and kill cancer cells. This helps immune checkpoint inhibitors like CTLA-4 and PD-1 inhibitors work better to suppress tumor growth.

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Compositions of bacterial strains that induce and/or proliferate CD8+ T-cells when administered together. The bacterial mixture can be used to treat diseases that can be treated by boosting CD8+ T-cells, such as infectious diseases and cancers. The compositions can also be used to improve cancer immunotherapy and vaccine efficacy by enhancing CD8+ T-cell responses.

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Administering probiotics, prebiotics or anti-bacterial compounds to modulate the pancreatic and gastrointestinal microbiota to prevent and treat pancreatic cancer.

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A combined therapy of an Akkermansia muciniphila strain and an immune checkpoint inhibitor like PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors to improve effectiveness of immunotherapy in treating tumors like colon, lung, breast, melanoma, kidney, urothelial cancers. Administering the Akkermansia muciniphila strain before or simultaneously with the immune checkpoint inhibitor enhances tumor suppression compared to the inhibitor alone. The Akkermansia muciniphila appears to activate the immune system to better respond to the checkpoint inhibitor.

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Using Lactobacillus paracasei GMNL-346 to prepare a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating oral cancer. The composition contains live or heat-killed GMNL-346 bacteria or a low molecular weight fraction of the heat-killed bacteria supernatant.

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Using Harryflintia acetispora bacteria and its microbial extracellular vesicles (mEVs) such as secreted (smEVs) or processed (pmEVs) mEVs in the treatment and/or prevention of diseases. The diseases include cancer, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, dysbiosis, and metabolic diseases.

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A Lactobacillus plantarum strain from kimchi that stimulates immune system and inhibits tumor growth. It can be used for immune modulation, tumor inhibition, and treatment of infectious diseases. The strain activates immune cells, improves intratumoral infiltration of immune cells, and inhibits regulatory T cell activity. It can be administered via compositions, food, or cell therapies. The strain produces a capsular polysaccharide that can also be used for immune modulation.

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Using the gut microbiome as a way to predict and improve the effectiveness of anti-PD1/PD-L1 immunotherapy in cancer patients. The method includes analyzing the composition of the patient's gut bacteria to identify specific microbial profiles associated with good or poor response to anti-PD1/PD-L1 therapy. Patients with a good responder profile can be given the therapy, while those with a poor responder profile can receive fecal microbial transplants or probiotics to improve their response. This allows personalized treatment selection based on the gut microbiome.

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Use of β-galactosidase-secreting bacteria, especially Streptococcus thermophilus, and their secreted β-galactosidase enzyme to prevent and treat colorectal cancer. The β-galactosidase inhibits the growth of colorectal cancer cells when contacted with them in vitro and in vivo. Oral administration of live S. thermophilus culture or its extract containing β-galactosidase protects against colon cancer development.

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A composition for preventing and treating radiation-induced oral mucositis using Lactobacillus reuteri and a thermogel. The composition also contains a copolymer, a mucoadhesive polymer, and sugar to form a gel.

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Using specific bacteria from the human gut microbiome, Christensenella and Akkermansia, to prevent and treat chronic inflammatory diseases, inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases, and cancers.

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A composition of certain bacteria and their metabolites that can prevent and treat colorectal cancer. The composition contains Lactobacillus gallinarum or Lactococcus lactis bacteria along with their secreted metabolites indole-3-lactic acid and a high molecular weight aminopeptidase. Optionally, Carnobacterium maltaromaticum bacteria can also be included. The bacteria and metabolites are formulated in food or supplement form for ingestion. The composition can be used to prevent CRC in high-risk individuals and treat CRC patients.

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Combination therapy for cancer that pairs an anti-cancer agent, such as a checkpoint inhibitor, with Clostridium butyricum bacteria, specifically the MIYAIRI 588 strain. The bacteria is thought to restore beneficial gut bacterial species like Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and enhance immunotherapy response. Administering the bacteria along with the anti-cancer agent provides a treatment for cancer patients to improve efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors and other anti-cancer drugs.

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Fermented milk and polysaccharide with inhibitory effects on cancer cachexia. The fermented milk contains Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, specifically the OLL1073R-1 strain. The extracellular polysaccharide is produced by fermenting milk with that specific strain. The fermented milk and polysaccharide can be used as cancer cachexia inhibitors.

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Using the gut microbiome to enhance cancer immunotherapy efficacy. The presence of specific bacteria in the gut microbiome is associated with increased responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors. This can be used to predict patient response to immunotherapy and guide treatment decisions. Modulating the gut microbiome by administering specific bacterial strains may enhance cancer immunotherapy efficacy.

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Using the probiotic bacteria strain Bifidobacterium longum in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors like PD-1 inhibitors to enhance their efficacy in suppressing tumors, especially when administered before the immunotherapy. Administering Bifidobacterium longum prior to or concurrently with immune checkpoint inhibitors can effectively enhance the tumor suppressive effect of the immunotherapy.

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Preventive or therapeutic composition for cancer comprising a Leuconostoc mesenteroides LB-LM1 strain or a culture thereof as an active ingredient. The composition exhibits anti-cancer effects on various carcinoma cell lines. The Leuconostoc strain can prevent or treat cancer when used as a pharmaceutical, food, or feed additive.

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Using a bacterial composition derived from the gut microbiome to treat and prevent cancer. The composition contains bacteria from the Anaerostipes and/or Roseburia genera. These bacteria are found in healthy individuals but reduced in cancer patients. Administering the bacterial composition can increase anti-tumor immune responses and suppress cancer growth in animal models.

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Using microbiota-derived plasmalogens from anaerobic microorganisms to treat colon cancer. The microbiota-derived plasmalogens can be used as an active ingredient in drugs, health supplements, foods and other products to relieve symptoms of colon cancer. The plasmalogens are obtained from anaerobic bacteria like Bifidobacterium and Clostridium butyricum and contain choline, ethanolamine, serine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidic acid plasmalogens.

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Bacterial strains, mixtures and compositions of the genus Butyricimonas that prevent and/or treat cancer. The bacterial strains can increase production of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IFN-γ, IL-1β, and TNF in immune cells. Administering these strains to dysbiotic guts modifies the microbiome to prevent or treat cancer.

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Harnessing the human gut microbiome to treat cancer through personalized medicine. The invention is based on findings that certain bacteria and prebiotics can influence tumor growth and the immune response. Specifically, bacteria like Bacteroides sartorii and Lactobacillus murinus can inhibit tumor growth while others like Bacteroides acidifaciens promote it. These bacteria are identified from the gut microbiota of mice with altered anti-tumor immune responses. Administering selected bacteria or prebiotics to cancer patients to manipulate their gut microbiome may augment anti-cancer immune responses and improve therapy outcomes.

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Using bacterial strains and compositions thereof for treating colorectal cancer in a subject. Administering bacterial strains such as Bacteroides eggerthii, Bacteroides goldsteinii, Barnesiella intestinihominis, Eubacterium hallii, Megamonas funiformis, Lactobacillus ruminis, Slackia piriformis, and Streptococcus hongkongensis to treat colorectal cancer.

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Lactobacillus plantarum strain CCFM164 that can significantly inhibit the occurrence of colorectal cancer by regulating Notch1, Notch2, and VEGFR2 signaling pathways. The strain can be used as a probiotic to prevent colorectal cancer.

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Using beta-galactosidase-secreting bacteria to prevent and treat colorectal cancer. The compositions contain beta-galactosidase or a culture/extract of bacteria like S. thermophilus that secrete beta-galactosidase. Administering these compositions inhibits proliferation of colorectal cancer cells.

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Reducing toxicity and side effects of cancer immunotherapies using immune agonist antibodies by modifying gut microbiota. Antibiotic treatment or probiotics can reduce the immunotoxicity associated with immune agonists like CD27, OX40, and 4-1BB agonists. Germ-free mice had significantly reduced immunotoxicity to immune agonists. Modifying the gut microbiota could overcome toxicity and enable higher doses of immune agonists without side effects.

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Lactobacillus fermentum strain V3, isolated from dried bamboo shoots, that can be used to treat and/or prevent inflammatory diseases and/or cancers such as colorectal cancer. The strain inhibits production of TNF-α, an inflammatory cytokine, which is key to its anti-inflammatory effect.

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Using live attenuated Gram-negative bacteria to boost efficacy of cancer immunotherapies like checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy, and CAR-T cell therapy. The bacteria stimulate the immune system and modify the gut microbiome, enhancing the anti-tumor immune response. Administering the bacteria in combination with the immunotherapies improves treatment outcomes over using the immunotherapies alone.

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Pharmaceutical compositions derived from bacteria that can be used to treat cancer and other diseases. The compositions contain extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by bacteria or the bacteria themselves. The EVs and bacteria can be isolated from specific strains that are associated with cancer microenvironments. The compositions can be administered alone or with other cancer therapies to enhance their effectiveness.

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Enhancing the effectiveness of cancer treatments by modifying the gut microbiome with non-pathogenic bacteria. The method involves administering formulations containing multiple species or genera of non-pathogenic bacteria to cancer patients. This alters the patient's gut microbiota, which can enhance the pharmacodynamics of cancer drugs and improve response to treatments like immunotherapy.

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Using the gut microbiome to predict and improve cancer treatment. The gut microbiome can impact cancer treatment efficacy by modulating the immune response. Specific bacterial species have been associated with response or resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Fecal transplants from responder patients increased treatment response in mice. The composition of the microbiome can be assessed before treatment to predict response.

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A method to enhance cancer immunotherapy by pre-treating patients with a gut bacteria-modulating agent like inulin to boost the efficacy of immune checkpoint therapies. The agent increases gut microbiome diversity and beneficial bacteria that synergize with immunotherapy. This improves anti-tumor immune response, inhibition of tumor growth and survival.

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Using live bacteria to reduce the availability of copper to cancer cells and associated cells by sequestering, precipitating, or oxidizing/reducing copper, thereby reducing tumor growth. The bacteria are modified to be non-lethal, but can grow within tumors, where they reduce available copper through their natural metabolism. The bacteria are administered to tumor sites, where they reduce copper levels, which inhibits tumor growth. The bacteria are then cleared from the body.

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A new strain of probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus brevis, isolated from a traditional Mexican alcoholic beverage called pulque. The strain, designated CNCM I-5321, exhibits anti-cancer properties, including inhibiting tumor cell growth and increasing expression of proapoptotic genes. The strain or its cell fractions can be used to prepare medicines, supplements, and compositions for preventing and treating cancer.

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Using antibiotics or probiotics to alter the microbiome and improve cancer treatment. The method involves determining if a patient with an HPV-related cancer has high levels of Lactobacillus inners in their gut or on their cervix, and then treating them with antibiotics or probiotics to reduce these levels.

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Streptococcus thermophilus strain ST4 isolated from milk that can be used to treat or prevent inflammatory diseases and cancer.

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A food supplement that reduces lethal toxic effects of cancer chemotherapeutic agents when taken before and after chemotherapy. The supplement contains lipopolysaccharides (LPS), derived from bacteria like Pantoea agglomerans, which activate phagocytes (macrophages) to repair tissue damage inside the body. When mice were administered LPS before and after chemotherapy with toxic agents like cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, and streptozotocin, it reduced the toxic side effects and improved survival rates compared to control mice not given LPS.

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Using gut bacteria to treat or prevent cancers that have dysregulated ERK signaling, such as those with oncogenic BRAF mutations. The compositions contain strains from the Parabacteroides bacteria genus, like Parabacteroides distasonis. These bacteria inhibit ERK signaling, reduce clonogenic survival, and upregulate MAP2 expression in cancer cells with oncogenic ERK signaling. They can also promote immune system function. The compositions can be used alone or in combination with cancer drugs to target tumors with dysregulated ERK/MAPK signaling.

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Compositions and methods for improving response to immune checkpoint inhibitors like anti-PD-1 by modulating the gut microbiome. It involves administering specific bacterial species or strains to patients to enhance anti-tumor immune responses and make them more likely to respond to checkpoint inhibitors. The bacteria can be used alone as a therapeutic, as a co-therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors, or as a diagnostic biomarker to predict checkpoint inhibitor response.

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Genetically modified Bifidobacterium bacteria that produce and secrete a specific type of bispecific antibody that binds to human CD3 and a tumor cell antigen to activate T cells and kill tumor cells. The bacteria are designed to specifically target solid tumors when administered. This provides a potential immunotherapy for solid tumors using genetically engineered probiotic bacteria.

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Administering commensal gut bacteria to pre-condition a subject's immune system to the anticancer activity of oncolytic virus therapy. The gut bacteria augments the immunotherapy by boosting the systemic immune response. The method involves administering gut microbiota and oncolytic viruses to treat and prevent cancer. The gut bacteria pre-condition the immune system to enhance the anticancer activity of the viruses. The gut bacteria can be selected based on genomic profiling of an individual's microbiome to identify species that suppress tumor progression.

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