Bone density loss affects over 200 million people globally, with measurements showing annual bone mass decreases of 1-2% in post-menopausal women. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota significantly influence calcium absorption, vitamin D metabolism, and bone mineralization processes through complex biochemical pathways.

The central challenge lies in identifying and optimizing specific probiotic strains that can effectively modulate bone metabolism while surviving gastrointestinal transit and colonizing the gut.

This page brings together solutions from recent research—including Lactobacillus plantarum strains that enhance calcium absorption, specific combinations of probiotic bacteria that improve bone density markers, warm microbiota therapies for bone diseases, and targeted approaches using Lactobacillus paracasei for vitamin D optimization. These and other approaches focus on translating microbiome research into practical therapeutic strategies for bone health maintenance.

1. Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 Strain for Osteoblast Activation and Bone Regeneration

SYNBIO TECH INC., 2023

Using Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 to promote bone healing in fractures, osteonecrosis, and bone implantation by activating and generating osteoblasts. Administering L. plantarum TWK10 to subjects with bone injuries increased bone quality parameters, accelerated bone healing, and stimulated osteoblast formation compared to control groups.

2. Lactobacillus sakei Strain with Inhibition of Osteoclast Differentiation and Metabolic Modulation

INDUSTRY FOUNDATION OF CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, 2022

A strain of Lactobacillus sakei isolated from kimchi that exhibits therapeutic effects for bone diseases and metabolic diseases. The strain inhibits osteoclast differentiation to prevent bone loss and osteoporosis. It also suppresses weight gain and lowers blood glucose levels in obese mice.

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3. Microbial Composition with Bifidobacterium animalis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium bifidum for Modulating Osteoclast Activity and Intestinal Inflammation

HARBIN MEIHUA BIOTECHNOLOGY CO LTD, 2024

A microbial composition for preventing and treating osteoporosis, specifically postmenopausal osteoporosis. The composition contains strains of Bifidobacterium animalis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium bifidum. These strains when administered together improve bone density in ovariectomized osteoporotic rats. The composition affects osteoclast activity and inflammation levels in the intestine, indicating a mechanism for preventing osteoporosis by modulating the gut microbiome.

4. Probiotic Composition with Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Pichia kudriavzevii

Solarea Bio, Inc., 2023

Dietary supplement of four specific probiotic strains (Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Pichia kudriavzevii) for maintaining/improving bone health and alleviating menopause symptoms. The probiotic combination is formulated in an oral supplement to provide positive effects on bone density and reduce menopause symptoms compared to controls.

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5. Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains for Peptide Production with ACE Inhibition and Calcium Uptake Enhancement

VF BIOSCIENCE, 2023

Lactic acid bacteria strains that reduce milk pH to facilitate calcium absorption and produce peptides that inhibit ACE and promote calcium uptake. The strains are Lactobacillus helveticus VF45A and VFH049. The peptides are derived from β-casein and can be used as drugs to treat calcium deficiency and related conditions like osteoporosis, hypertension, and hypoparathyroidism. The strains and peptides can be used as probiotics, in fermented foods, or in supplements.

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6. Bifidobacterium breve Strain CCFM1078 with Specific Hormonal and Microbiota Modulation Characteristics

JIANGNAN UNIV, JIANGNAN UNIVERSITY, 2023

A Bifidobacterium breve strain, CCFM1078, that improves bone development in early life mammals. When administered to young rodents, CCFM1078 increases femur length, serum growth hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, osteocalcin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels, while reducing parathyroid hormone, osteoprotegerin, and osteoclast differentiation factor levels. CCFM1078 also alters gut microbiota by increasing lactobacillus and decreasing Alistipes and Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 in feces.

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7. Lactobacillus plantarum Strain with Probiotic Properties and Enhanced Calcium Metabolism Gene Expression

VF BIOSCIENCE, 2023

Novel strain of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from Mongolian dzomo milk yogurt that can enhance intestinal absorption of calcium. The strain has probiotic properties and can adhere to intestinal cells, survive gastrointestinal digestion, and stimulate calcium transport and absorption. It expresses genes involved in calcium and vitamin D metabolism. The strain can be used as a drug or food supplement to treat conditions linked to low calcium absorption like osteoporosis, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and cancer.

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8. Gastrointestinal Microbiota Composition with Specific Bacterial Ratios for Administration

Research Development Foundation, 2023

Compositions and methods for treating bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, by administering warm microbiota to a subject's gastrointestinal system. The warm microbiota includes specific ratios of bacteria including Clostridiales, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteriaceae, and/or Parabacteroides. It can be obtained from healthy donors and be administered via probiotics or pharmaceuticals. The warm microbiota can also be used to prevent bone disorders.

9. Composition Comprising Lactobacillus plantarum Strain GMNL-662 with Gene Modulation Properties

.GENMONT BIOTECH INC, 2023

A composition including a specific strain of Lactobacillus plantarum, GMNL-662, for promoting bone regrowth. The composition can be used as a pharmaceutical, nutritional supplement, health food, etc., to stimulate expression of osteogenic genes, inhibit osteoclast genes, and promote osteogenesis-related cytokines to slow bone loss and promote bone regrowth.

10. Oleuropein-Probiotic Composition with Enzymatic Conversion Mechanism

Societe des Produits Nestle S.A., 2022

A composition containing oleuropein from olive leaves and probiotics with enzymes that convert oleuropein into beneficial metabolites like hydroxytyrosol. The composition aims to improve bone and cartilage health, prevent mobility loss, treat synovitis and potentiate effects of oleuropein. Oleuropein has benefits for bone and joint health. The probiotics with β-glycosidase and esterase enzymes convert oleuropein into more bioavailable and effective forms.

11. Lactobacillus sakei CVL-001 Strain with Inhibitory Effects on Osteoclast Differentiation and Metabolic Regulation

INDUSTRY FOUNDATION OF CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, UNIV NAT CHONNAM IND FOUND, 2022

Lactobacillus sakei CVL-001 strain isolated from kimchi with potential to alleviate bone diseases like osteoporosis and metabolic disorders like obesity. The strain or its culture supernatant inhibits osteoclast differentiation, prevents bone loss, reduces weight gain, and lowers blood glucose levels. It could be used in pharmaceuticals, foods, and health supplements for bone and metabolic health.

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12. Lactobacillus Strains GKM3 and GKS6 for Modulating Bone Density and Structure

GRAPE KING BIO Ltd., 2021

Using specific strains of Lactobacillus bacteria to prevent, treat or relieve bone diseases such as osteoporosis, fractures, and defects. Administering Lactobacillus plantarum GKM3 and Lactobacillus paracasei GKS6 increases blood calcium levels and improves bone density, thickness, number and spacing.

13. Probiotic Composition with Specific Intestinal Flora Modulation and Variable Species Abundance

INNER MONGOLIA DAIRY INDUSTRY TECH RESEARCH INSTITUTE CO LTD, INNER MONGOLIA DAIRY INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE CO LTD, INNER MONGOLIA YILI IND GROUP, 2021

Probiotic composition for promoting bone health in mice that can be used for fermentations, as well as for enhancing bone metabolism, reducing serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and osteocalcin, and improving the bone loss condition. The composition includes increasing the species composition abundance of intestinal flora, reducing the content of akkermansia in the intestinal flora, prevent mucin loss and protect intestinal barriers from being damaged, and participates in the intestinal immune regulation process by regulating the intestinal flora.

14. Composition Comprising Lactobacillus paracasei GMNL-653 with Inactivated Bacterial Form

GENMONT BIOTECH INC, GENMONT BIOTECH INCORPORATION, 2021

A composition containing the Lactobacillus paracasei strain GMNL-653, which can prevent and treat bone loss. The composition contains the dead bacteria strain GMNL-653 that inhibits bone erosion genes and increases bone-promoting cytokines like TGF-beta and IL-10. This reduces bone loss by balancing bone resorption and formation. The dead bacteria form allows administration through the digestive system without being affected by stomach acid or antibiotics.

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15. Bone Strengthening Composition Comprising Specific Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria Strains

MEGMILK SNOW BRAND CO LTD, 2021

Bone strengthening agent derived from certain strains of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. The bacterial strains identified are Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactococcus lactis, and Bifidobacterium. Ingesting or administering these bacterial cells or cultures strengthens bones by promoting osteoblast proliferation and suppressing osteoclast bone resorption. The strains can be used in foods, drinks, supplements, feeds, and drugs for preventing and treating bone diseases like osteoporosis, fractures, and arthritis.

16. Composition with Specific Probiotic Strains for Modulating Bone Density and Osteoclast Activity

Chong Kun Dang Bio Co., Ltd., Korea University Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, 2020

A composition containing probiotics to prevent or treat secondary osteoporosis. The composition uses specific probiotic strains, such as Lactobacillus fermentum SRK414, to address secondary osteoporosis caused by medications like glucocorticoids. The probiotics increase bone density and bone ratio in animal models of secondary osteoporosis. They do this by promoting calcium absorption and inhibiting osteoclast differentiation to prevent bone loss. The composition can be used as a food or medicine to prevent, improve, or treat secondary osteoporosis.

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17. Lactobacillus reuteri Strains with Specific Genomic Mutations for Bone Health Maintenance

BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY, 2020

Using specific strains of lactic acid bacteria to prevent and treat bone loss and osteoporosis. The strains of Lactobacillus reuteri bacteria that are effective in preventing bone loss have specific genetic mutations. The mutations are in four positions of the bacteria's genome. Selecting strains that have these mutations can help develop probiotic products that benefit bone health.

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18. Lactobacillus Strains GKM3 and GKS6 for Modulating Blood Calcium Levels

GRAPE KING BIO LTD, 2019

Using lactobacillus bacteria to prevent, treat, or alleviate bone diseases like osteoporosis, bone defects, and fractures. The lactobacillus strains Lactobacillus plantarum GKM3 and Lactobacillus paracasei GKS6 increase blood calcium levels when administered. Compositions containing these strains can be used as pharmaceuticals or foods to prevent, treat, or alleviate bone diseases.

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19. Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus plantarum Strains with Immune Modulation and Bone Mineral Density Enhancement Properties

Probi AB, 2019

Probiotic strains Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus plantarum to prevent osteoporosis and increase calcium absorption. The strains protect against bone loss, increase bone mineral content, and prevent increased bone resorption in a mouse model of osteoporosis. The strains alter immune status in bone by reducing inflammatory cytokines and increasing osteoprotegerin expression.

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20. Lactobacillus paracasei GMNL-653 Strain with Modulated Cytokine Expression and Bone Gene Suppression

GENMONT BIOTECH INC, 2017

Using a dead strain of Lactobacillus paracasei called GMNL-653 to prevent bone loss. The strain is deposited as BCRC 910721. It inhibits bone loss by reducing inflammatory cytokines like IL-17A, increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-10 and TGF-beta, and suppressing bone-related genes like RANKL. The strain can be used in compositions like pharmaceuticals, supplements, foods, or oral liquids to prevent bone loss when consumed.

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