Latest Research Insights on Plant Based Probiotic Delivery System

Encapsulating probiotics using denatured plant proteins like pea or mung bean proteins to improve survival and stability compared to dairy-based encapsulation. The method involves treating denatured plant protein suspensions with a calcium salt bath to polymerize at weakly acidic pH. This forms a matrix to encapsulate probiotics. The probiotic suspension is combined with the protein suspension, treated to form microdroplets, then cured in the calcium bath to solidify. Alternatively, spray englobing can be used. The plant protein coating improves probiotic survival during encapsulation compared to dairy whey.

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Biodegradable, partially-open, hollow reservoirs for controlled release of additives and microorganisms. The reservoirs have a biodegradable polymeric material and an opening area of 0.25-50% of the surface area. They can encapsulate a variety of additives, including microorganisms, and release them in a controlled manner. The reservoirs can be used in applications such as bioremediation, plant growth, agriculture waste decomposition, pest control, fertilizers, and cosmetics.

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A method for preparing porous starch (PS) with controlled pore size and morphology for encapsulating probiotics. The method involves combining ultrasonic gelatinization, ethanol precipitation, and convective drying to form PS with nanoscale pores. The PS is then used to encapsulate probiotics through adsorption, with the amylose-to-amylopectin ratio controlling pore size. The encapsulated probiotics exhibit improved retention rates under various environmental conditions.

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Abstract Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer a health benefit on the host when administered in adequate amounts. Currently, seven genera are used for their probiotics potential. Strains having the desired characteristics are associated with plenty of health benefits. Recent literature shows that different plant and vegetable oils are associated with probiotics. Other reports indicated their various aspects. For instance, the effect of probiotics on plant-based oil, edible oil, probiotics, the use of oils for probiotics encapsulation, etc., are documented. It is also reported that probiotics from vegetable sources and plant oil have some advancements, such as vegetarian and lactose-intolerant people using them. The multidimensional association between probiotics and vegetable oils attracts researchers to explore it. This research area is growing fast, but more limited research data is needed. Hence, this literature study was performed to identify the relationship, pros, and cons and provide recent insight into the literature for the researchers. Materials were collected by... Read More

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A dormant state encapsulated probiotic core-shell particle for external skin application, comprising a carrier particle core, a probiotic layer, a prebiotic layer, a polymer layer, and a dissolvable protective layer. The probiotic layer contains a dormant probiotic species that can be activated upon contact with a releasing medium, forming a synthetic biofilm on the skin surface. The particle is designed to survive in commercial skincare products and maintain viability during storage, enabling long-term skin health benefits through modulation of the skin microbiome.

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Biodegradable microcapsules for encapsulating agrochemicals like pesticides and fertilizers. The microcapsules are made by a process where plant proteins are dissolved in a specific solvent mixture, formed into a hydrogel, and then dried to create the microcapsules. The plant proteins are chosen that have low solubility in water at neutral pH. This prevents the capsule contents from leaching out. The encapsulated agrochemicals are released over time as the capsules degrade in the environment. The plant protein shell also protects against degradation during storage. The microcapsules can be suspended in water for spraying onto crops. The process involves specific solvent ratios and protein modifications to optimize capsule formation and stability.

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Microencapsulating sensitive materials like probiotics to safely and efficiently deliver them to target locations like the gut. The encapsulation involves a core material like probiotics surrounded by an oil layer and then a solidifying lipid layer. The core is suspended in oil, then contact with molten lipid to form a solid shell. This provides a stable, tolerant microcapsule for delivering sensitive materials like probiotics through harsh conditions like stomach acid and moisture. The capsules have high viability and retention of the core material after storage and distribution.

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Research has identified certain bio-based products, such as probiotics, as alternatives to antibiotics for use in animal feed. They are capable of controlling, preventing or minimizing the colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by pathogenic bacteria. To isolate Pediococcus spp. and assess its technological properties for possible probiotic development, maize and pearl millet were used. The cereals were steeped and wet milled after 48 h of fermentation. The milled cereals were kneaded into dough for 24 h, after which a 10% slurry was prepared for tenfold serial dilution to enumerate the LAB by employing pour plate techniques using MRS Agar. Based on the cell morphology of the isolated bacteria, eight isolates (four from maize and four from millet) that were selected for identification using MALDI-TOF MS showed that five were Pediococcus pentosaceus (P. pentosaceus), one was Pediococcus acidilactici, and two did not match any organism. Subsequently, the six isolates were labeled as MZ1, MZ2, MZ3, MZ4 for the maize isolate and MLT5 and MLT7 for the millet isolate. The six Pediococc... Read More

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Abstract Probiotics are valuable microorganisms effective in reducing malnutrition-related infections in children. In this work, a collection of lactobacilli strains representative of traditional Andean fermented beverages was in vitro screened for their capability to survive the gastrointestinal transit, to adhere to the intestinal epithelium and to compete under simulated conditions of the child gut microbiota. The results allowed the selection of the riboflavin overproducing strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CECT 9435 based on its good rate of survival under in vitro gastrointestinal conditions when included in a food matrix representing the fortified food supplement Incaparina. The strain also showed good adhesion to HT29 cells producing mucus and outstanding performance in E. coli competition for the adhesion to this epithelial cell line. L. plantarum CECT 9435 gut performance was also evaluated in the child intestinal microbiota simulated in a dynamic gut model (BFBL simulator). The viability of the probiotic candidate in the gut conditions was high during the 7-day interven... Read More

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Biodegradable microcapsules for encapsulating fragrances and flavors in a sustainable way. The microcapsules are prepared by coacervating a lipophilic phase containing fragrance or flavor oils with a plant-based protein hydrogel. The hydrogel acts as the capsule matrix and has a silicon-coating. The coacervates are then dried to form stable biodegradable microcapsules. The plant protein hydrogel encapsulation and silicon coating provide mechanical stability and diffusion barrier properties. The biodegradable microcapsules can be used in consumer products like fabrics and hair care to release fragrances over time. The plant protein hydrogel is a sustainable alternative to synthetic polymers for microencapsulation.

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Probiotics are beneficial microbes that have a beneficial effect on humans as well as animals. Despite their advantages, probiotics face viability challenges during storage and while passing through the upper gastrointestinal tract. This study was designed to develop an encapsulated system of Saccharomyces boulardii (SB) probiotics to overcome challenges with oral administration and develop a colon-targeted delivery system. Pectin and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose encapsulated microbeads of probiotics: polymer ratio (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3) were prepared using the ionotropic gelation technique and then coated with Eudragit S 100 and cellulose acetate phthalate. They were then evaluated for efficacy and compared for bead size, flow properties, entrapment efficiency, percent yield, swelling index, mucoadhesive ness, in vitro release and viability of probiotics. The microencapsulated probiotics showed higher viability in the colon as compared to gastric and intestinal environments. Hence, microencapsulation is a potential delivery system for the administration of viable probiotics

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Lactobacillus plantarum FNCC-0461 is a lactic acid bacteria isolated from "dadih" a traditional Indonesian food that has potential as a probiotic. Probiotics can show health benefits if they can maintain cell viability of at least 7 log CFU in the distal ileum and colon. However, most probiotics are not resistant to the extreme conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. Probiotic encapsulation in the form of pectin-based colon targeted pellets is a promising delivery system to overcome probiotic viability problems due to the gastrointestinal tract extreme conditions and can assist release to specific target site in colon. Pellets was produced by extrusion-spheronization method using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose and pectin. Optimization of spheronization process was carried out by varying the spheronization speed and time while the optimization of pellets formula was carried out by varying the concentration of total pectin and the type of coating polymer (cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) or shellac). The morphology, particle size, moisture content, micromeritic properties... Read More

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Probiotics have attracted great interest from many researchers due to their beneficial effects. Encapsulation of probiotics into biopolymer matrices has led to the development of active food packaging materials as an alternative to traditional ones for controlling food-borne microorganisms, extending food shelf life, improving food safety, and achieving health-promoting effects. The challenges of low survival rates during processing, storage, and delivery to the gut and low intestinal colonization, storage stability, and controllability have greatly limited the use of probiotics in practical food-preservation applications. The encapsulation of probiotics with a protective matrix can increase their resistance to a harsh environment and improve their survival rates, making probiotics appropriate in the food packaging field. Cellulose has attracted extensive attention in food packaging due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, environmental friendliness, renewability, and excellent mechanical strength. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the main types of cellu... Read More

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A method for producing crosslinked dried microparticles containing encapsulated live microorganisms via a single-step spray-drying process. The method involves combining a microbial solution containing a crosslinkable polymer, protective agents, and microorganisms with a crosslinking agent solution, and then subjecting the combined solutions to spray-drying using a co-axial nozzle. The resulting microparticles have a crosslinked polymeric matrix that protects the encapsulated microorganisms from environmental stressors and acidic conditions, enabling targeted delivery to the human intestine.

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Core-shell microcapsules for encapsulating hydrophobic materials like perfume oils in a stable and eco-friendly way. The microcapsules have a composite shell made of a plant-based coacervate and a polymer. The coacervate contains a plant protein polyelectrolyte. The composite shell provides chemical stability in challenging media like consumer product bases, as well as good olfactive performance when triggered. The microcapsules can be made by emulsifying the hydrophobic material, then inducing interfacial polymerization to form the shell.

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Plant probiotic bacteria are a versatile group of bacteria isolated from different environmental sources to improve plant productivity and immunity. The potential of plant probiotic-based formulations is successfully seen as growth enhancement in economically important plants. For instance, endophytic

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The microbiota at different sites in the body is closely related to disease. The intake of probiotics is an effective strategy to alleviate diseases and be adjuvant in their treatment. However, probiotics may suffer from harsh environments and colonization resistance, making it difficult to maintain a sufficient number of live probiotics to reach the target sites and exert their original probiotic effects. Encapsulation of probiotics is an effective strategy. Therefore, probiotic delivery systems, as effective methods, have been continuously developed and innovated to ensure that probiotics are effectively delivered to the targeted site. In this review, initially, the design of probiotic delivery systems is reviewed from four aspects: probiotic characteristics, processing technologies, cell-derived wall materials, and interactions between wall materials. Subsequently, the review focuses on the effects of probiotic delivery systems that target four main microbial colonization sites: the oral cavity, skin, intestine, and vagina, as well as disease sites such as tumors. Finally, this re... Read More

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Synbiotics have shown various beneficial effects in inflammatory bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, infectious disorders, and diarrheal illnesses. However, the delivery of probiotics to the host intestine is challenging owing to the poor survivability and viability of probiotic bacteria during the gastric transit, and poor stability at the highly acidic pH of the stomach. The oral delivery of probiotics in combination with prebiotics can achieve the targeted delivery of probiotics toward the intestine. The deliveries of synbiotics through suitable particulate carriers can also be useful to improve the encapsulation efficiency, viability, stability, and performance of probiotics. In addition, these particulate carriers also help to control the release of probiotics at the target site (intestine). This chapter discusses the synbiotics and various particulate carriers in synbiotics delivery along with multiple case studies. Further, the synbiotics in clinical trials and regulatory aspects of synbiotics are also highlighted.

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Abstract The search for probiotic candidates is an area that accompanies the world trend of development of novel probiotic strains and new products. In recent years, unconventional sources of potential probiotic bacteria have been studied. Furthermore, nowadays there has been a growing interest in non-dairy probiotic products and fermented plant-based foods, which has led to the development of probiotic foods currently being presented as a research priority for the food industry. The aim of this work was to evaluate the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Jerusalem artichoke ( Helianthus tuberosus L.) tubers. The results proved that the selected isolated LAB strains exhibited a high survival rate in the simulated gastrointestinal treatment, with non-hemolytic nor DNAse activity and antibiotic sensitivity. The isolated strains also showed antimicrobial activity against pathogen microorganisms, due to their acidification capacity. The molecular identification of the bacilli strains showed a high similarity with the genus Lentilactobacillus and, within this g... Read More

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Probiotics serve a very important role in human health. However, probiotics have poor stability during processing, storage, and gastrointestinal digestion. The gellan gum (GG) is less susceptible to enzymatic degradation and resistant to thermal and acidic environments. This study investigated the effect of casein (CS)-GG emulsions to encapsulate Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CICC 6002 (L. plantarum CICC 6002) on its storage stability, thermal stability, and gastrointestinal digestion. L. plantarum CICC 6002 was suspended in palm oil and emulsions were prepared using CS or CS-GG complexes. We found the CS-GG emulsions improved the viability of L. plantarum CICC 6002 after storage, pasteurization, and digestion compared to the CS emulsions. In addition, we investigated the influence of the gellan gum concentration on emulsion stability, and the optimal stability was observed in the emulsion prepared by CS-0.8% GG complex. This study provided a new strategy for the protection of probiotics based on CS-GG delivery system.

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