Lactobacillus Plantarum: Double Blind Placebo Effect for Depression Treatment

Probiotic composition for self-treatment of mental exhaustion conditions. The composition contains specific strains of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, and lactococcus bacteria. It aims to address the submerged part of the symptom iceberg, where self-reported symptoms like mental exhaustion are not typically brought to medical attention. The composition is for self-medication to improve mental resilience and reduce mental exhaustion by modulating serotonin levels. It contains strains like Lactobacillus casei W56, Bifidobacterium lactis W51, and Lactococcus lactis W19.

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A psychobiotic composition comprising a mixture of bacterial strains, including Levilactobacillus brevis, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, and Bifidobacterium bifidum, for the prevention and/or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, mental illnesses, and psychiatric disorders. The composition is administered orally and has been shown to reduce disease symptoms and biomarkers in animal models of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions.

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A probiotic product for improving mood, comprising Lactobacillus plantarum JYLP-326, which regulates intestinal inflammation and modulates the gut-brain axis to alleviate symptoms of depression. The product enhances intestinal barrier integrity, reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines, and inhibits the RAGE-TLR4 signaling pathway in the hippocampus. It also restores balanced gut microbiota by increasing Lactobacillus abundance and reducing Sutterella and Eubacterium muciniphilum populations.

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Lactobacillus gasseri strain BDUP with high GABA production for use in foods, supplements, and medications to provide natural GABA for stress relief, improving sleep, and treating depression. The strain can be used to produce GABA through fermentation or extract GABA metabolites. It also has potential as a probiotic to alleviate depressive-like behavior in mice.

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Compositions and methods for treating mental health disorders and other conditions associated with low levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) using a probiotic bacterium that produces GABA. The bacterium, such as Bifidobacterium adolescentis or Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, is administered in a therapeutically effective amount to a subject in need of treatment. The GABA-producing bacterium acts on the brain-gut axis to alleviate symptoms of mental health disorders, including anxiety, depression, and epilepsy, as well as other conditions such as chronic pain, fatigue, and inflammation.

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Compositions comprising a probiotic lactic acid bacteria and a milk fat globule membrane for promoting neurotransmitter production in the gut, particularly serotonin, to alleviate symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. The compositions can be formulated into food products, such as a calming dark chocolate pudding with a white chocolate topping containing live cultures, for convenient consumption.

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Abstract This study examined the efficacy of a probiotic in reducing depressive symptom severity in people with subthreshold depression. In a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial, a probiotic (1 10^9 live cells per strain: Limosilactobacillus fermentum LF16 (DSM26956), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LR06 (DSM21981), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP01 (LMG P-21021) and Bifidobacterium longum 04 (DSM23233)) or placebo was taken daily for 12 weeks. Data were collected at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks including psychological symptom severity (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI; Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ; Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, HADS; and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, DASS). Biomarkers of glycaemia, inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, hs-CRP), antioxidant status (total glutathione (GSH)) and stress (cortisol awakening response, CAR) were also measured. Thirty-nine participants (nineteen probiotic; twenty placebo) were enrolled. There were no significant between-group differences in the examined psychological symptom severity scores, despite ce... Read More

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A lactobacillus strain specifically engineered for gut microbiota modulation in psychiatric disorders. The strain, designated as Lactobacillus 1, has been isolated from human gut microbiota and demonstrated superior survival and biochemical activity in simulated gastric and intestinal environments, indicating its potential therapeutic applications in psychiatric conditions.

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A multi-strain probiotic formulation comprising Bacillus coagulans, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium infantis, administered in combination with glutamine, for treating treatment-resistant depression (TRD) by modulating the gut-brain axis and restoring balance to the gut microbiome.

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Major depressive disorder is a condition involving microbiota-gut-brain axis dysfunction. Increasing research aims to improve depression through gut microbiota regulation, including interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplants. However, most research focuses on exogenous depression induced by chronic stress or drugs, with less attention given to endogenous depression. Additionally, research on gut mycobiota in depression is significantly less than that on gut bacteria.

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Following on from our pilot studies, this study aimed to test the efficacy of a combination of probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Streptococcus thermophilus), magnesium orotate and coenzyme 10 for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) through a double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial. The participants were 120 adults diagnosed with MDD randomised to daily oral administration, over 8 weeks, of either the intervention or placebo, with a 16-week follow-up period. Intent-to-treat analysis found a significantly lower frequency of the presence of a major depressive episode in the intervention group compared with placebo at the end of the 8-week treatment phase, with no difference between the two conditions at 8-week follow-up. Both the categorical and continuous measure of depressive symptoms showed a significant difference between the two conditions at 4 weeks, but not 8 and 16 weeks. The secondary end-point was demonstrated with an overall reduction in self-rated symptoms of anxiety and stress in the active treatment group compared with plac... Read More

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Modifying the gut microbiome to treat mental health disorders by administering a combination of beneficial bacteria species, such as Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, Coprococcus, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, to regulate mood, reduce anxiety and depression, and promote brain health. The treatment aims to restore balance to the gut-brain axis by enhancing the production of short-chain fatty acids, such as butyrate, and reducing inflammation.

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Using specific strains of bacteria, like Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, and Lactobacillus paracasei, to improve mood disorders and cognitive function. The bacteria strains can be used in supplements for treating brain disorders like anxiety, depression, and dementia. The strains can also be used to improve cognitive function and prevent cognitive decline. The supplements can contain the strains alone or in combinations. The bacteria strains may be lyophilized for convenient dosing.

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Probiotics may represent a safe and easy-to-use treatment option for depression or its metabolic comorbidities. However, it is not known whether metabolic features can influence the efficacy of probiotics treatments for depression. This trial involved a parallel-group, prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled design. In total, 116 participants with depression received a probiotic preparation containing Lactobacillus helveticus Rosell-52 and Bifidobacterium longum Rosell-175 or placebo over 60 days. The psychometric data were assessed longitudinally at five time-points. Data for blood pressure, body weight, waist circumference, complete blood count, serum levels of C-reactive protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting glucose were measured at the beginning of the intervention period. There was no advantage of probiotics usage over placebo in the depression score overall (PRO vs. PLC: F(1.92) = 0.58; p = 0.45). However, we found a higher rate of minimum clinically important differences in patients supplemented with probiotics than those allocated to placebo generally (... Read More

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Probiotic compositions for preventing and treating stress-related conditions like impaired cognitive function, anxiety, insomnia, baby blues, postpartum depression, menopausal depression, generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, panic attacks, attention deficit disorder. The compositions contain a combination of probiotic strains, Lactobacillus reuteri PBS072 and Bifidobacterium breve BB077 or Bifidobacterium lactis BL050.

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As an essential counterpart of the human internal environment, the gut microbiome has been investigated extensively in light of multiple diseases. This study aims to find out potential treatments for depression by altering gut microbiome composition in order to alleviate side effects caused by traditional medications. According to previous findings, the human gut correlates with the brain through pathways known as the gut-brain axis. Two genera of microbiome, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, have been mentioned by researchers to be crucial to depression-related neurotransmitter secretion in GBA. Besides, they have already been used in clinical as effective probiotics for gut-related diseases. The paper hypothesized particular interactions between the two genera and the human nerve that enable them to be therapeutic cures in adequate amounts. In this study, a range of available single-cell data about depression and lactobacillus and bifidobacterium were analyzed and adjusted into proper figures. I discuss the efficacy of different species, concentrations, and other elements of those... Read More

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Abstract Background According to the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluations Global Health Data Exchange (2023) it is estimated that 5% of all adults will experience depressive disorder. Amongst the general loss of pleasure and interest in everyday activities that are symptoms of low mood, reduced sexual desire and sexual dysfunction can be particularly overlooked. Human sexuality is complex, but finding solutions based on scientific evidence to limit the symptoms of depressive disorder and the iatrogenic impact of antidepressant treatment to improve this outcome is an important step in promoting psychological health and general wellbeing. Objective The present study aimed is to provide scientific evidence to assess the effect of oral probiotic on sexual function in women with depressive disorder treated with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) in an Iranian population. Design This study was a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Eligible women were assigned to lactofem plus SSRIs ( n = 58) or SSRIs alone ( n = 54). In group A, SSRI antidepressants were prescribed... Read More

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Synbiotic composition containing specific bacterial strains and dietary fibers for treating neuropsychiatric disorders, reducing disorder symptoms, and mitigating side effects of pharmacological treatments. The synbiotic comprises Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Bifidobacterium breve bacteria strains along with inulin, pectin, beta-glucan, resistant starch, galacto-oligosaccharide, isomalto-oligosaccharide, or rice fiber. Administering this synbiotic composition improves neuropsychiatric disorder conditions like ADHD, reduces inflammation markers, and enhances short chain fatty acid production in the gut.

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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex mental disorder, potentially linked to the gut-microbiota-brain axis. Probiotics like Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 (PS128) may improve depressive symptoms by modulating the gut microbiota based on our previous open trial. We conducted an 8-week double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the impact of PS128 on depression severity, markers of inflammation and gut permeability, and the gut microbiota composition in 32 patients with MDD with stable antidepressant treatment but moderate symptom severity. Following the 8-week intervention, both the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 score (HAMD), and Depression and Somatic Symptoms Scale (DSSS) showed a significant decrease in both groups (p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the change of depression severity between groups (p=0.203). Moreover, alterations in serum levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-, and intestinal fatty acid binding protein, as well as changes in the gut microbiota composition, did not exhibit ... Read More

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Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide (1) . The microbiota-gut-brain axis may play a role in the aetiology of depression, and probiotics show promise for improving mood and depressive state (2) . Further evidence is required to support mechanisms and in high-risk populations, such as those with sub-threshold depression (which may be 2-3 times more prevalent than diagnosed depression) (3) . The aims were to assess the efficacy of a probiotic compared with placebo in reducing the severity of depressive symptoms in participants with subthreshold depression, and to investigate potential mechanistic markers of inflammatory, antioxidant status and stress response. A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in participants meeting diagnosis of subthreshold depression (DSM-5); aged 18-65 years; 18.5 kg/m 2 body mass index; not taking antidepressants, centrally acting medications, probiotics nor antibiotics for at least 6 weeks. The probiotic (4 10 9 AFU/CFU, 2.5 g freeze-dried powder containing Lactobacillus fermentum LF16 (DSM26956), L. rhamnosus... Read More

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Understanding the multifactorial nature of major depressive disorder (MDD) is crucial for tailoring treatments. However, the complex interplay of various factors underlying the development and progression of MDD poses significant challenges. Our previous study demonstrated improvements in cognitive functions in MDD patients undergoing treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (LP299v).

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Introduction and aim. Nowadays, almost 4% of people in the world suffer from depressive disorders, and the forecasts of further increase in incidence are alarming. The disease is debilitating and can lead to suicide, and available treatments are still imperfect. The aim of the study was to review the literature and present the potential role of the gut microbiota in the development of depression and to consider the use of prebiotics and probiotics as one of the therapeutic options in this disease. Material and methods. Review of articles published on PubMed since 2015. Analysis of the literature. The available reports point to a relationship between disturbances in the composition of the intestinal flora and the development of depressive disorders. In addition, more and more studies indicate the benefits of the influence on mood and clinical improvement, observed when using psychobiotics as an adjuvant treatment of depression, as well as monotherapy. Conclusion. Further research is needed in this area, especially in humans, to gain a deeper understanding of the role of the gut microb... Read More

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A novel Lactobacillus plantarum strain, PDA6, having neurological effects, particularly for treating anxiety disorder and depression. The strain exhibits characteristics such as acid resistance, bile resistance, and non-hemolytic activity, while also increasing expression of neurotransmitters like BDNF, 5-HT, and GABA. PDA6 can be administered as a pharmaceutical composition or incorporated into functional foods and supplements, offering a potential alternative to conventional anti-anxiety and antidepressant medications with fewer side effects.

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Madam, Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a significant factor in global disability rates and contributes significantly to the overall disease burden worldwide. According to estimates, approximately 3.8% of the global population is impacted, with a prevalence of 5.0% among adults and 5.7% among adults aged 60 years and above [1]. It is also the leading cause of suicide among individuals. While the administration of antidepressants is the widely known and successful treatment for this mental disorder, recent research and accumulating evidence have demonstrated that probiotics also function effectively in controlling anxiety and depression. Probiotics that provide psychological benefits are now referred to as psychobiotics. Psychobiotics are defined as live organisms that, when consumed in sufficient quantities, produce unexpected health benefits in individuals with psychiatric disorders [2]. Around 30% of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not respond to traditional antidepressant medications targeting monoamine pathways, indicating the involvement of other biological me... Read More

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Depressive disorders are a widespread problem in modern medicine. According to current data from the World Health Organisation, an estimated 280 million people worldwide suffer from depression. In recent years, there have been reports of a correlation between the composition of the gut microbiota and the development of depressive disorders and attempts to modify it through the use of psychobiotics.&#x0D; The literature from the PubMed database published between 2018-2023 has been explored. 596 articles were selected based on the keywords "probiotics" and "depression". Six randomized clinical trials were finally included in the analysis.&#x0D; As defined elsewhere, psychobiotics are probiotic bacteria which supplemented in adequate amounts, interact with the gut-brain axis and show beneficial effects on patients' mental health. Results from recent RCTs suggest that daily probiotic supplementation significantly reduces the severity of depression compared to placebo (p&lt;0.05). Additionally, this effect may be enhanced by the combined use of a probiotic with a prebiotic. Furthermore, s... Read More

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Combination of S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe) and at least one probiotic for treating mood disorders, including anxiety and depression. The combination is formulated in an oral composition, preferably in solid form such as granulate or tablet, and packaged in a single-dose sachet. The SAMe and probiotic work together to modulate mood tone and improve gut-brain axis function, providing a natural and effective treatment for mood disorders with improved patient compliance.

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Growing evidence has suggested that the consumption of probiotics can decrease depressive symptoms. However, even the results of meta-analyses are conflicting. In this regard, we performed an umbrella meta-analysis and proposed the decisive impacts of probiotics on depressive symptoms. The following international databases were searched up to July 2021: PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Meta-analyses investigating the impact of supplementation of probiotics on depression symptoms in adults were included. According to the studies, random-effects model was used to perform the analysis. Subgroup analysis was performed by dosage of probiotics, duration of supplementation and total sample size. Publication bias was assessed using Eggers, Beggs and visual inspection of funnel plot. Ten meta-analyses (n = 8886 participants) were included in study. The pooled data indicated that probiotic supplementation significantly reduced depression symptoms (ES= 1.41; 95% CI: 2.53, 0.30, p = 0.016; I2 = 99.4, p = <0.001). Subgroup analysis of studies with intervent... Read More

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This review covers recent data on the relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and faecal microbiome and examines the co-relations between the use of probiotics and changes in psychiatric state. We conducted a thorough search of academic databases for articles published between 2018 and 2022, using specific keywords and previously established inclusion/exclusion criteria regarding faecal microbiota, depressive disorder, and probiotics. Of 192 eligible articles (reviews, original papers, and clinical trials), we selected 10 that fully met our criteria and performed a careful review to determine any correlation between microbiome, probiotic treatment, and depression. All patients were adults (mean age, 36.8), with at least one MDD episode and onset of depression during adolescence (duration of 31.39 years of depressive episodes). We found mixed but mostly positive results regarding the influence of probiotic/prebiotic/postbiotic effects on depression. We could not identify the precise mechanism of action that led to their improvement. Antidepressants did not alter the micro... Read More

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To examine the efficacy of supplementing with a multi-strain probiotic (MSP) on changes associated with mood, anxiety, and neurotransmitter levels.In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled fashion, 70 healthy men and women (31.0 9.5 years, 173.0 10.4 cm, 73.9 13.8 kg, 24.6 3.5 kg/m2) supplemented with a single capsule of MSP (a total daily dose of 4 109 colony forming units [CFU] comprised of a 1 109 CFU dose from each of the following strains: Limosilactobacillus fermentum LF16, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LR06, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP01, and Bifidobacterium longum 04, Probiotical S.p.A., Novara, Italy) or a maltodextrin placebo (PLA). After 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks of supplementation and 3 weeks after ceasing supplementation, study participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Leiden Index of Depression Sensitivity (LEIDS-R) questionnaires and had plasma concentrations of cortisol, dopamine, serotonin, and C-reactive protein determined.BDI, STAI, and total LEIDS-R scores were reduced from baseline ... Read More

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Depressive disorders have a major impact on occupational health and are costly to the economy and the healthcare system. Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic micro-organisms that, when ingested in adequate amounts, can colonize the intestinal tract and confer health benefits on the patient. In recent years, numerous studies have described the potential usefulness of certain probiotic strains in the treatment and prevention of depressive disorders, with differing results. In order to evaluate the possible efficacy and safety of these microorganisms in preventing or ameliorating these disorders, we systematically searched the bibliographic databases MEDLINE (via Pubmed), EMBASE, the Cochrane library, Scopus and Web of science, using the descriptors Occupational health, Probiotics, Depressive Disorder and Depression and filters Humans and Clinical Trials. After applying our inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 studies were accepted for review and critical analysis. Our analysis suggests that a combination of different probiotic strains, most of them from the genus Bifidobacte... Read More

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Importance The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a promising target for novel treatments for mood disorders, such as probiotics. However, few clinical trials have been conducted, and further safety and efficacy data are needed to support this treatment approach. Objective To provide acceptability and tolerability data and estimates of intervention effect size for probiotics as adjunctive treatment for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Design, Setting, and Participants In this single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot randomized clinical trial, adults aged 18 to 55 years with MDD taking antidepressant medication but having an incomplete response were studied. A random sample was recruited from primary and secondary care services and general advertising in London, United Kingdom. Data were collected between September 2019 and May 2022 and analyzed between July and September 2022. Intervention Multistrain probiotic (8 billion colony-forming units per day) or placebo daily for 8 weeks added to ongoing antidepressant medication. Main Outcomes and Measures The pilot out... Read More

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Introduction: Evidence from randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of probiotics on depression published in the last four years has not yet been synthesized. The current systematic mini-review aimed to summarize the impact of probiotics in adults diagnosed with major depression with mild, moderate, or severe symptoms using studies published after May 2018. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases to identify randomized controlled trials that investigated the effect of any strain of probiotics alone or as an add-on therapy for the treatment of adult patients with mild, moderate, or severe symptoms of major depression and without other neurological and/or psychiatric disorders, published between May 2018 and August 2022. Data were extracted and qualitatively reviewed to determine the treatment effect. In addition, the quality of the methodology and risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2). Results: Five studies met the inclusion criteria. All were randomized, parallel-group, place... Read More

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Accumulating studies have shown the effects of gut microbiota management tools in improving depression. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on patients with depression. We searched six databases up to July 2022. In total, 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 786 participants were included. The overall results demonstrated that patients who received prebiotics, probiotics or synbiotics had significantly improved symptoms of depression compared with those in the placebo group. However, subgroup analysis only confirmed the significant antidepressant effects of agents that contained probiotics. In addition, patients with mild or moderate depression could both benefit from the treatment. Studies with a lower proportion of females reported stronger effects for alleviating depressive symptoms. In conclusion, agents that manipulate gut microbiota might improve mild-to-moderate depression. It is necessary to further investigate the benefits of prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic treatments relative to antidepressants and follow ... Read More

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Depression is a medical and social problem. Multiple metabolites and neuroinflammation regulate it. Modifying the gut microbiota with probiotics to reduce depression through the gut-brain axis is a potential treatment strategy. In this study, three anti-depressive potentials of Lactobacillus spp. (LAB), including L. rhamnosus GMNL-74, L. acidophilus GMNL-185 and L. plantarum GMNL-141, which combined to produce low dosage LAB (1.6 108 CFU/mouse, LABL) and high dosage LAB (4.8 108 CFU/mouse, LABH), were administered to C57BL/6 mice induced depression by ampicillin (Amp). A behavioral test of depression, 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing, bioinformatic analysis, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content measurement were executed to investigate the gut microbiota composition, activation of nutrient metabolism pathways, levels of inflammatory factors, gut-derived 5-HT biosynthesis genes, and SCFA levels in C57BL/6 mice. Results showed that after mice were induced by Amp, both LAB groups recovered from depressive behaviors, decreased the abundance of Firmicutes, and increased ... Read More

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There is a pressing need to identify new treatment options for depression and its comorbidities. Depression often coexists with metabolic complications, and the two may share a pathophysiological overlap, including inflammation and microbiota changes. Microbiota interventions (e.g., probiotics) may represent a safe and easy-to-use treatment option as an adjunctive therapy in patients only partially responsive to pharmacologic treatment. (1) Objective: The paper presents the results of a feasibility and pilot study. The study is an internal part of a randomized controlled trail (RCT) of the effect of probiotic supplementation on psychometric, anthropometric, metabolic, and inflammatory parameters in adult patients with depressive disorders depending on the presence of metabolic syndrome. (2) Methods: The trial has a four-arm, parallel-group, prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled design. Sixty participants received a probiotic preparation containing Lactobacillus helveticus Rosell-52 and Bifidobacterium longum Rosell-175 over 60 days. The feasibility of the study design w... Read More

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There is accumulating evidence on the beneficial effects of probiotic supplementation for patients with depressive disorders. However, prior reviews on the topic have largely focused on clinical effectiveness with limited emphasis on the underlying mechanisms of action and effects of probiotics on gut microbiota. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search of Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library using combinations of the key words, ("depress*" OR "MDD" OR "suicide"), ("probiotic" OR "Lactobacillus" OR "Bifidobacterium") AND ("gut" OR "gut micr*" OR "microbiota"), as well as grey literature was performed. We found seven clinical trials involving patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The small number of studies and heterogeneous sources of data precluded meta-analysis. Most trials (other than one open-label trial) had a low-to-moderate risk of bias, which was largely due to a lack of control for the effects of diet on gut microbiota. Probiotic supplementation yielded only modest effects on depressive symptoms and there were no consistent effects on... Read More

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Depression is a chronic mental illness with devastating effects on a person's physical and mental health. Studies have reported that food fermentation with probiotics can enrich the nutritional values of food and produce functional microorganisms that can alleviate depression and anxiety. Wheat germ is an inexpensive raw material that is rich in bioactive ingredients. For example, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is reported to have antidepressant effects. Several studies concluded that Lactobacillus plantarum is a GABA-producing bacteria and can alleviate depression. Herein, fermented wheat germs (FWGs) were used to treat stress-induced depression. FWG was prepared by fermenting wheat germs with Lactobacillus plantarum. The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model was established in rats, and these rats were treated with FWG for four weeks to evaluate the effects of FWG in relieving depression. In addition, the study also analyzed the potential anti-depressive mechanism of FWG based on behavioral changes, physiological and biochemical index changes, and intestinal flora changes ... Read More

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Depression is one of the main mental disorders. Pharmacological treatment of depression is often associated with delayed effects or insufficient efficacy. Consequently, there is a need to discover new therapeutic methods to cope with depression faster and more effectively. Several lines of evidence indicate that the use of probiotic therapy reduces depressive symptoms. Nonetheless, the exact mechanisms linking the gut microbiota and the central nervous system, as well as the potential mechanisms of action for probiotics, are still not entirely clarified. The aim of this review was to systematically summarize the available knowledge according to PRISMA guidelines on the molecular mechanisms linking probiotics and healthy populations with subclinical depression or anxiety symptoms, as well as depressed patients with or without comorbid somatic illnesses. The standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated. Twenty records were included. It has been found that probiotic administration is linked to a significant increase in BDNF levels during probiotic... Read More

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This article aims to present the theoretical basis, methodology, and design of a clinical trial we will conduct. The study will be prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blind. Each intervention period will last 8 weeks and the trial will be conducted on 100 patients in total, who will be randomly divided into two groups consisting of 50 patients each. We plan to investigate the impact of Lactobacillus helveticus Rosell and Bifidobacterium longum Rosell on the depressive, anxiety, and stress levels in patients with depressive disorders with possible comorbid anxiety. In addition to assessing the influence of probiotics on the clinical condition, we also plan to study the clinical and biochemical parameters of metabolic syndrome, which often coexists with depression. Both depressive and metabolic issues may have part of their etiopathology in common, e.g., inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysbiosis. This is why we will additionally investigate the parameters related to gut microbiota, inflammatory, and oxidative statuses. Thus, the primary endpoint of the study wil... Read More

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<h3>Background:</h3> In major depressive disorder (MDD), cognitive dysfunctions strongly contribute to functional impairments but are barely addressed in current therapies. Novel treatment strategies addressing cognitive symptoms in depression are needed. As the gut microbiotabrain axis is linked to depression and cognition, we investigated the effect of a 4-week high-dose probiotic supplementation on cognitive symptoms in depression. <h3>Methods:</h3> This randomized controlled trial included 60 patients with MDD, of whom 43 entered modified intention-to-treat analysis. A probiotic supplement or indistinguishable placebo containing maltose was administered over 31 days in addition to treatment as usual for depression. Participant scores on the Verbal Learning Memory Test (VLMT), Corsi Block Tapping Test, and both Trail Making Test versions as well as brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were assessed at 3 different time points: before, immediately after and 4 weeks after intervention. Additionally, brain activation changes during working memory processing were investigated befo... Read More

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An agent for preventing or treating stress disorders, comprising a lactic acid bacterium, specifically Lactobacillus delbrueckii subspecies lactis, or a lactic acid bacterium-derived ingredient, as the active ingredient. The agent can be administered orally in various forms, including pharmaceutical compositions, food and drink compositions, and feed compositions for animals. The agent has been shown to effectively alleviate symptoms of stress disorders, including adjustment disorders, autonomic imbalance, depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders, with minimal side effects.

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Introduction Recent studies have supported that Lactobacillus plantarum can reduce the severity of anxiety and depression. However, previous studies did not focus on the sleep quality. This study determines whether Lactobacillus Plantarum CECT7485 and Lactobacillus Brevis CECT7480 reduce the severity of insomnia, and improves sleep quality in patients who comorbidity of depression and anxiety disorders. Objectives An assessment of insomniac effects a probiotic supplement containing Lactobacillus Plantarum CECT7485 and Lactobacillus Brevis CECT7480 (PLANTARUM) in patients with anxiety and depression comorbidity undergoing treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) antidepressants. Methods Sixty patients with mixed anxiety and depressive disorder (according to ICD-10 diagnostic criteria F41.2) were included in an 8-week open label study. Thirty participants received either SSRI antidepressants with PLANTARUM at a dose of 1.0 109 CFU once per day and thirty patients received SSRI antidepressants only. The severity of insomnia was assessed using Insomnia Severity Ind... Read More

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As it has become clear that the gut microbiota play a critical role in brain function, probiotics have recently been spotlighted as therapeutic agents for various psychiatric disorders including major depressive disorder. Despite much interest, however, our understanding of the efficacy of probiotics for treating depression is still limited due to the complexity of the gut-brain axis. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-depressive effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum APsulloc 331,261 in vivo and to elucidate the possible mechanism of action of this strain. The consumption of the strain APsulloc 331,261 could significantly reduce depressive-like behaviors and downregulate hippocampal inflammation. Interestingly, administration of the strain shifted the gut microbial community towards increasing acetate and propionate production. This modulation might stimulate increased serotonin synthesis in the colon and increase the serotonin level and neurogenesis in the brain. These results may serve to support the proposal of a new probiotic candidate strain for ameliorating depressi... Read More

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Introduction There is a huge need to search for new treatment options for depression but as well as its comorbidities. Particularly, depression and metabolic abnormalities often coexist, while a pathophysiological overlap, including microbiota changes, may play a role. Thus, the trials of microbiota interventions (e.g., probiotics) may establish a safe and easy-to-use treatment option as an adjunctive therapy in patients only partially responsive to pharmacological treatment. Objectives The paper presents preliminary results of an RCT on the effect of probiotic supplementation on depression, anxiety and stress level, anthropometric, metabolic, and inflammatory parameters in adult patients with depressive disorders. Methods The trial was a two-arm, parallel-group, prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled design that included 43 participants and lasted 60 days. The probiotic preparation contained Lactobacillus helveticus Rosell-52 and Bifidobacterium longum Rosell-175 in the amount of 3 10 9 colony forming units (CFU). We assessed depression level with Montgomery-Asberg De... Read More

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Growing evidence suggests that probiotics can ameliorate depression by regulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, the mechanism of action of probiotics in depressive disorders remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus TF318 in a corticosterone (CORT)-induced rat model of depression. The sucrose preference test (SPT) and Morris water maze (MWM) test showed that oral administration of L. rhamnosus TF318 for 21 d significantly prevented depressive behaviors. Administration of L. rhamnosus TF318 resulted in lower hippocampal levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticotropin-releasing factor and serum levels of CORT and restoration of hippocampal levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, and norepinephrine. A marked increase was observed in the hippocampal concentration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a change that may have involved the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/cAMP response element-binding (CREB)/BDNF signaling pathway. Treatment with L. rhamnosus TF318 corrected CORT-induced abnormal... Read More

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Introduction Psychobiotics are a group of probiotics that affect the central nervous system related functions and behaviors mediated by the gut-brain-axis via immune, humoral, neural, and metabolic pathways to improve not only the gastrointestinal function but also the antidepressant and anxiolytic capacity. Objectives An assessment of psychobiotic and anti-anxiety effects a probiotic supplement containing Lactobacillus Plantarum CECT7485 and Lactobacillus Brevis CECT7480 (PLANTARUM) in patients with anxiety undergoing treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) antidepressants. Methods Sixty patients with mixed anxiety and depressive disorder (according to ICD-10 diagnostic criteria F41.2) were included in an 8-week open label study. Thirty participants received either SSRI antidepressants with PLANTARUM at a dose of 1.0 10 9 CFU once per day and thirty patients received SSRI antidepressants only. The severity of anxiety symptoms was assessed using Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and General Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Results After 8 weeks intervention... Read More

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Depression is a common mental illness characterized by continuous and long-term low mood. In recent years, with the increasing number of depression-related research, a growing body of research suggests that dysbiosis of the intestinal flora is associated with the development of depression. Probiotics can effectively improve intestinal flora disorders and repair gastrointestinal function, which is expected to become a new treatment for depression. This review summarizes the studies related to probiotics and depression.

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Aims Despite considerable preclinical evidence, clinical trials assessing the effects of probiotics on individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) are scarce. This study aimed to provide further evidence of the acceptability, tolerability and putative efficacy of probiotics in this patient group and to improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of action. Methods This double-blind randomised placebo-controlled pilot and mechanistic trial investigated the effects of an 8-week adjunctive multi-strain probiotic intervention in adults with MDD taking antidepressants. Psychiatric data and stool and blood samples were collected at baseline, week 4 and week 8. A computer-based emotion recognition task was also administered. Stool samples from 25 matched healthy controls were also obtained. Results 49 participants, randomised to probiotic (n = 24) or placebo (n = 25), were included in intent-to-treat analyses. Standardised effect sizes (SES) from linear mixed models demonstrated that the probiotic group attained greater improvements in depressive (HAMD week 4: SES [95%CI] = ... Read More

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Evidence has suggested that Lactobacillus Plantarum (LP) has benefits on major depression disorders. However, gastric acid and bile may damage LP when it is orally administrated. This study developed a microencapsulation system based on zein to protect the L. Plantarum and improve their survival. To investigate the efficacy and mechanism of the microencapsulated L. Plantarum (MLP) on treating depression disorders, chronic restraint stress (CRS) was applied to build depressive mice models. The LP and MLP were administered respectively to the model mice. The results showed that the MLP could significantly remit the depressive behaviors of the mice model, which was proved through the behavioral tests including open filed test, elevated plus maze test, and forced swimming test. The intestinal microbiota of mice was also evaluated, and 14 genera whose amounts can be remarkably influenced by depression were determined to confirm the therapeutic effects of MLP. The expressions of the pro-inflammatory factors, such as TNF- in the intestine and hippocampus, and IL-6 in the intestine, were al... Read More

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Depression and anxiety have several consequences on human health and are the most prevalent mental disorders in the world. The central nervous system is known to be affected by the gut microbiota. Therefore, the consumption of probiotics can act as an alternative for the treatment of these disorders. This umbrella review aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic in patients diagnosed with depression and anxiety through an overview of systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials. Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases until May 2023. This review was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021246244). Efficacy and safety were assessed based on the results of depression and anxiety scale scores, and the adverse events reported. The quality of the studies and the certainty of the evidence was assessed using AMSTAR 2 and GRADE pro tools respectively. Twenty-one systematic reviews were included. Some studies showed promising results for the use of probiotics in depression treatment. However, the AMSTAR 2 tool revealed that ten studies (47.6%) were rate... Read More

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