Akkermansia Muciniphila Probiotics for Diabetes Management

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the metabolic diseases with the highest morbidity rates in the world. Probiotics have positive health impacts on human health and a considerable amount of research has demonstrated their beneficial effects in treating T2DM. However, probiotic intervention in T2DM has complex mechanisms because the pathogenesis of T2DM is complex. This review summarized the mechanisms of probiotic intervention in diabetes from the perspective of diabetes pathogenesis. First, the objectives of probiotic intervention in diabetes aimed at the intestinal tract reparative effects, pancreatic function, host metabolism and self-recovery were comprehensively reviewed. Next, we concluded the clinical application status of ingested probiotics in patients with T2DM, and an obvious imbalance exists between theoretical probiotic research and clinical applications. Finally, we summarized the emerging research on probiotic interventions in T2DM and analyzed the literature in this regard, including next-generation probiotics; suggestions for probiotics consumption with the ai... Read More

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Enhancing engraftment of beneficial gut bacteria in order to improve their therapeutic effectiveness. The technique involves co-administering a mucin-degrading bacterium along with a butyrate-producing bacterium. The mucin-degrading bacterium primes the gut environment for the butyrate-producing bacterium to engraft more efficiently. This synergistic engraftment enhancement allows better colonization of the butyrate-producing bacterium for improved therapeutic benefits. The technique can be used in microbiome therapies for conditions like metabolic disorders, skin disorders, neurological disorders, dysbiosis, inflammation, etc.

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A peptide, MccJ25, derived from a microorganism, exhibits antihyperglycemic effects in glucose-intolerant obese mice. The peptide, comprising a specific amino acid sequence, is administered to prevent or treat hyperglycemia in individuals, particularly those with prediabetes, insulin resistance, or type 1 or 2 diabetes. The peptide's mechanism of action is distinct from metformin, and it can be used alone or in combination with other antihyperglycemic agents.

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Akkermansia muciniphila VB202, a novel probiotic strain with strong antibacterial properties against Helicobacter pylori, Listeria monocytogenes, and Shigella, and potential for treating hyperglycemia and related diseases. The strain exhibits intestinal tolerance and can be used as a natural alternative to antibiotics.

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Akkermansia muciniphila strain LWHK0003, isolated from healthy human feces, prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) through modulation of the gut microbiome. The strain, deposited as DSM 35051, is effective in reducing liver inflammation and fibrosis when administered orally or parenterally in a pharmaceutical composition.

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Rationally designed oral probiotic compositions to improve health across multiple organ systems by first modulating the native gut microbiota and host tissue. The compositions contain consortiums of specific probiotic strains that, when administered, positively impact distant bodily systems like the cardiovascular system, skin, and brain. The strains are selected based on their ability to convert prebiotic compounds into beneficial metabolites that benefit the host. By combining specific strains with prebiotics, the compositions aim to provide targeted synbiotic therapy to address diseases and improve overall health.

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A microbial combination for weight loss comprising Lactobacillus gasseri and Akkermansia muciniphila, with a specific ratio of 40-60 copies of each bacterium. The combination is prepared by culturing the bacteria in separate media and then combining them in a pharmaceutical composition for oral administration. The composition is used to treat obesity and related metabolic disorders, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes.

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The gut microbiota is an indispensable component of the proper functioning of the human body, as gut microorganisms and their metabolites strongly influence the host's metabolism and immune functions. They also contribute to the biosynthesis of vitamins, production of gut hormones, maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity, protection against pathogens, as well as digestion and absorption of nutrients. Increasingly, the relationship between disturbances in the composition of gut microbiota and the onset of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes is being emphasized. Understanding the significance of the microbiota in the course of these diseases, its composition, and activity may offer new approaches to their treatment. Increasing attention is being paid to individual species of gut bacteria, among which Akkermansia muciniphila holds a special position, as a decrease in the abundance of this commensal bacterium in the gut is associated with many diseases, including obesity and diabetes.

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A quorum sensing peptide derived from Clostridium tyrobutyricum, a probiotic strain, exhibiting α-glucosidase inhibition and hypoglycemic activity, with potential therapeutic applications in diabetes treatment. The peptide, identified through fermentation of Clostridium tyrobutyricum, demonstrates potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 0.14 mM and significant hypoglycemic effects in animal models. The peptide's mechanism of action involves quorum sensing, which regulates intestinal microbiota composition and influences metabolic pathways. This discovery offers a novel therapeutic approach for diabetes management through the use of a naturally produced probiotic compound and its soluble peptide.

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Modulating microbiome activity to treat diseases and disorders through targeted administration of microbiome-modulating agents, including probiotics, prebiotics, and antimicrobials, to restore balance to the microbiome and alleviate symptoms of conditions such as gastrointestinal disorders, metabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases.

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Diabetes has become one of the most prevalent global epidemics, significantly impacting both the economy and the health of individuals. Diabetes is associated with numerous complications, such as obesity; hyperglycemia; hypercholesterolemia; dyslipidemia; metabolic endotoxemia; intestinal barrier damage; insulin-secretion defects; increased oxidative stress; and low-grade, systemic, and chronic inflammation. Diabetes cannot be completely cured; therefore, current research has focused on developing various methods to control diabetes. A promising strategy is the use of probiotics for diabetes intervention. Probiotics are a class of live, non-toxic microorganisms that can colonize the human intestine and help improve the balance of intestinal microbiota. In this review, we summarize the current clinical studies on using probiotics to control diabetes in humans, along with mechanistic studies conducted in animal models. The primary mechanism by which probiotics regulate diabetes is improved intestinal barrier integrity, alleviated oxidative stress, enhanced immune response, increased sh... Read More

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Akkermansia muciniphila is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium, a component of the normal human intestinal microbiota. A decrease in the presence of this bacterium is associated with pathologies, including metabolic disorders, intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer. A. muciniphila is a probiotic approved for patients with diabetes and obesity. In recent years, A. muciniphila was studied in the control of intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer. The exact mechanisms of A. muciniphila action remain unclear, while the use of different administration protocols shows different effects in mouse models of colitis and colorectal cancer. We reported that A. muciniphila has distinct effects on intestinal mucin production depending on viable or pasteurized form of bacteria. Another factor affecting the outcome of the A. muciniphila administration is the number of bacteria. To address how the dose of bacteria may affect the severity of acute intestinal inflammation wild-type mice were subjected to daily oral injections with 10 CFU or 109 CFU of viable A. muciniphila for two weeks; ... Read More

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A novel strain of Akkermansia muciniphila, designated as SSYD-3, for preventing and treating metabolic diseases. The strain exhibits improved fermentation performance, storage stability, acid and bile resistance compared to the existing ATCC BAA835 strain. It is effective in reducing visceral adipose tissue, improving oral glucose tolerance, and enhancing insulin sensitivity, making it a promising therapeutic agent for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.

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Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) significantly diminishes people's quality of life and imposes a substantial economic burden. This pathological progression is intimately linked with specific gut microbiota, such as Akkermansia muciniphila. Pasteurized A. muciniphila (P-AKK) has been defined as a novel food by the European Food Safety Authority and exhibited significant hypoglycemic activity. However, current research on the hypoglycemic activity of P-AKK is limited to the metabolic level, neglecting systematic exploration at the pathological level. Consequently, its material basis and mechanism of action for hypoglycemia remain unclear. Drawing upon this foundation, we utilized high-temperature killed A. muciniphila (H-K-AKK) with insignificant hypoglycemic activity as the control research object. Assessments were conducted at pathological levels to evaluate the hypoglycemic functions of both P-AKK and H-K-AKK separately. Our study unveiled for the first time that P-AKK ameliorated symptoms of T2DM by enhancing the generation of glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1), with pasteurized A. muciniphila ... Read More

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Abstract Prediabetes is an important stage in the development of diabetes. It is necessary to find a safe, effective and sustainable way to delay and reverse the progression of prediabetes. Akkermansia muciniphila ( A. muciniphila ) is one of the key bacteria associated with glucose metabolism. Recent studies mainly focus on the effect of A. muciniphila on obesity and insulin resistance, but there is no research on the effect of A. muciniphila on pancreatic -cell function and its mechanism in prediabetes. In this study, we investigated the effects of A. muciniphila on -cell function, apoptosis and differentiation, as well as its effects on the gut microbiome, intestinal barrier, metaflammation and the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced prediabetic rat model. The effect of A. muciniphila was compared with dietary intervention. The results showed both A. muciniphila treatment and dietary intervention can reduce metaflammation by repairing the intestinal barrier in rats with prediabetes induced by an HFD and improve -cell secretory function, apo... Read More

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Metabolic diseases are comprehensive disease based on obesity. Numerous cumulative studies have shown a certain correlation between the fluctuating abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and the occurrence of metabolic diseases. A. muciniphila , a potential probiotic candidate colonized in the human intestinal mucus layer, and its derivatives have various physiological functions, including treating metabolic disorders and maintaining human health. This review systematically explicates the abundance change rules of A. muciniphila in metabolic diseases. It also details the high efficacy and specific molecules mechanism of A. muciniphila and its derivatives in treating obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

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Methods for treating metabolic disorders by administering a therapeutically-effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a population of isolated and purified microbes, wherein at least one of the microbes has a specific sequence identity to a rRNA sequence of a particular microbe species. The composition can comprise microbes that alter glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) production, encode for enzymes involved in butyrate production, or produce butyrate. The microbes can be selected based on their rRNA sequence identity to specific species, including Akkermansia muciniphilia, Anaerostipes caccae, and Bifidobacterium adolescentis.

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The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of red quinoa polysaccharide (RQP) in alleviating type 2 diabetes (T2D) through in vivo and in vitro experiments. Results of HPLC and FITR showed that RQP was a complex polysaccharide and contained more glucose, galactose and acarbose. In vitro experiments, RQP showed strong antioxidant capacity and inhibition on -amylase and -glucosidase. In vivo experiments, RQP was proved to induce a significant improvement of diabetes after 4 weeks of ingestion, including the abilities of lowering blood glucose, regulating lipid metabolism, anti-oxidation and promoting secretion of SCFAs. Furthermore, 16S rRNA study demonstrated that RQP transformed the intestinal microbiota composition in diabetic mice, decreased the abundance of norank_f_Muribaculaceae and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group , and increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia , unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae , norank_f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group , unclassified_f_Atopobiaceae and norank_f_Lachnospiraceae . The biosynthetic pathways, metabolic pathways and intestinal m... Read More

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Akkermansia muciniphila is considered the paradigm for next-generation beneficial microorganisms and has been reported to help alleviat immune-related diseases. Evidence shows that herbal medicine can treat disease by regulating the abundance of A. muciniphila . Recent studies have revealed a link between A. muciniphila and immune-related diseases. Here, we systematically reviewed the association between A. muciniphila , herbal medicine, and immune-related diseases (including inflammatory bowel disease, human immunodeficiency virus, cancer immunotherapy, and immune-related liver injury). We also summarize the potential mechanisms of action of A. muciniphila and offer perspectives for future studies.

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A probiotic composition for treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) comprising specific bacterial strains, including Akkermansia muciniphila, Methanobrevibacter smithii, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bifidobacterium longum, Roseburia intestinalis, Eubacterium rectale, and Christenella minuta, which modulate the gut microbiome to reduce liver inflammation and fibrosis. The composition can be administered orally in a formulation that includes one or more of these strains, and is particularly effective in reducing liver enzymes, cholesterol, and triglycerides, and improving metabolic health in individuals with NAFLD and NASH.

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In the present study, next generation probiotic Akkermansia muciniphila was incorporated into a dairy matrix containing Portuguese whey cheese and Greek-style yoghurt in a proportion of 3.5:1, respectively. Subsequently, this innovative food was characterized in terms of microbiological and physicochemical parameters, total phenolic content and antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antihypertensive activities, as well as its protective effect on A. muciniphila viability during 21 d of refrigerated aerobic storage and when subjected to simulated gastrointestinal passage. The probiotic cheese spread displayed high microbiological quality, low total phenolic content (0.36 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of dried cheese) and interesting biological activities, including antidiabetic (98.10% -glucosidase inhibition) and antihypertensive (49.18% angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition). Simultaneously, this food ensured a high A. muciniphila viability (>108 CFU/g) during 21 d of refrigerated aerobic storage with subsequent in vitro digestion. Additionally, this probiotic cheese presented a similar ... Read More

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Abstract As one of the most attractive nextgeneration probiotics, mucindegrading Akkermansia muciniphila has emerged as an essential and integral factor in maintaining human health and affecting pathological outcomes. Its abundance is inversely associated with various metabolic diseases (e.g., obesity and type 2 diabetes), cardiovascular diseases, and intestinal inflammation. Supplementing A. muciniphila to restore the gut microbiota ecosystem is a promising approach for treating metabolic disorders. However, the direct utilization of this probiotic is limited by technological and regulatory hurdles, such as the in vitro bulk culture of A. muciniphila and the need for expensive animalderived materials. Therefore, enrichment of A. muciniphila using nutraceutical supplements is a feasible strategy. Dietary supplements, especially medicinal herbs, offer a vast and valuable resource as potential prebiotics for promoting the growth of A. muciniphila in the gut, ensuring reliable safety and efficacy. In this study, we first systemically reviewed the dietary substances and medicinal food... Read More

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The established role of disturbances in the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the development of diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI) has long been recognized. It has shown the potential of Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) in improving metabolic disorders and exerting anti-inflammatory effects. However, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the specific effects and mechanisms underlying the treatment of DCI with A. muciniphila. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of A. muciniphila in alleviating DCI in db/db mice. Eleven-week-old db/db mice were administered either live or pasteurized A. muciniphila (5 10

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More than half of the states in the U.S. report that over 30% of adults are obese. Obesity increases the risk of many chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and can even reduce ones lifespan. Similarly, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes follows a comparable trend. As a result, researchers are striving to find solutions to reduce obesity rates, with a particular focus on gut health, which has been previously linked to both obesity and type 2 diabetes. Recent studies suggest that Akkermansia muciniphila(AKK) may have a positive probiotic effect on preventing the onset of type 2 diabetes and obesity. We conducted a quantitative meta-analysis of 15 qualified animal studies investigating the effects of AKK administration as a probiotic. The statistical analyses showed that AKK administration significantly reduced body weight gain by 10.4% and fasting blood glucose by 21.2%, while also significantly improving glucose tolerance by 22.1% and increasing blood insulin levels by 26.9%. However, our analysis revealed substantial heterogeneity between ... Read More

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Using Akkermansia muciniphila bacteria to improve metabolic syndrome, a condition associated with obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Administering Akkermansia muciniphila strains, compositions, or products can prevent and treat metabolic syndrome by reducing obesity, insulin resistance, blood pressure, and improving glucose and lipid metabolism. The bacteria can be used in pharmaceuticals or health supplements to combat metabolic syndrome.

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Akkermansia muciniphila is a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium, which represents a part of the commensal human microbiota. Decline in the abundance of A. muciniphila among other microbial species in the gut correlates with severe systemic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer. Due to its mucin-reducing and immunomodulatory properties, the use of probiotics containing Akkermansia sp. appears as a promising approach to the treatment of metabolic and inflammatory diseases. In particular, a number of studies have focused on the role of A. muciniphila in colorectal cancer. Of note, the results of these studies in mice are contradictory: some reported a protective role of A. muciniphila in colorectal cancer, while others demonstrated that administration of A. muciniphila could aggravate the course of the disease resulting in increased tumor burden. More recent studies suggested the immunomodulatory effect of certain unique surface antigens of A. muciniphila on the intestinal immune system. In this Perspective, we attempt to explain how A. mucinip... Read More

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Compositions comprising at least one strain of Akkermansia muciniphila, characterized by diverse capsular types, biofilm formation, and activation of innate immune pathways, and methods of using these compositions to alter the gut microbiota and treat diseases such as obesity, metabolic disorders, and inflammatory conditions.

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A probiotic strain of Akkermansia muciniphila AK32 (Accession No. KCTC 14172BP) that enhances intestinal health through enhanced epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. The strain exhibits superior intestinal barrier function compared to conventional strains, particularly in promoting goblet cell regeneration and mucin production. This strain-based probiotic offers a novel therapeutic approach for preventing and treating intestinal damage, including inflammatory bowel diseases, by modulating the intestinal microbiota and epithelial barrier function.

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A novel strain of Akkermansia muciniphila bacteria called Amuc-i09 that can grow without mucin in a vegetable media under anaerobic conditions. The Amuc-i09 strain provides a solution to the challenges of culturing Akkermansia bacteria, which typically requires mucin. The strain can be used to create compositions for treating disorders like diabetes and obesity by increasing Akkermansia populations in the gut. It can also be used as a probiotic to improve gut health.

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Compositions comprising Akkermansia bacteria or extracts thereof for preventing and treating reward dysregulation disorders, including eating disorders and addiction, by modulating the gut-brain axis and reducing systemic and neuroinflammation.

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Introduction: The complex symbiotic connection between the host and the gut microbiome, which has many important functions in the organism, provides an opportunity for dysbiosis to potentially serve as a catalyst for various health disorders. Akkermancia muciniphila, a bacterium that degadates mucin, is a noteworthy element of the human gut microbiome and has captured the attention of researchers due to its correlation with numerous diseases.
 Aim of the study: The purpose of this research was to review literature and determine the impact of Akkermansia muciniphila in selected diseases. A systematic review was conducted using PubMed database.
 State of knowledge: Studies have shown that reduced numbers of Akkermansia muciniphila have been associated with many diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, fatty liver, some neurological conditions, inflammation, and response to cancer immunotherapies. Furthermore, the administration of this bacterium has been shown to have a positive impact on reducing obesity-related parameters, improving insulin sensitivity... Read More

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A combination of two probiotic strains, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei S38 and Bacillus coagulans BC198, that effectively improve body compositions by aiding weight loss and reducing body fat. The strains, isolated from human feces and green malt, respectively, have synergistic effects when administered together at lower doses compared to individually. This combination helps inhibit lipogenesis, reduce appetite, increase butyric acid production, and promote beneficial gut bacteria like Akkermansia muciniphila and Ruminococcaceae. It can be used as a probiotic supplement, food, or medication to aid weight loss and body composition improvement.

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The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing worldwide, with many patients developing long-term complications that affect their cardiovascular, urinary, alimentary, and other systems. A growing body of literature has reported the crucial role of gut microbiota in metabolic diseases, one of which, Akkermansia muciniphila, is considered the next-generation probiotic for alleviating metabolic disorders and the inflammatory response. Although extensive research has been conducted on A. muciniphila , none has summarized its regulation in T2D. Hence, this review provides an overview of the effects and multifaceted mechanisms of A. muciniphila on T2D and related diseases, including improving metabolism, alleviating inflammation, enhancing intestinal barrier function, and maintaining microbiota homeostasis. Furthermore, this review summarizes dietary strategies for increasing intestinal A. muciniphila abundance and effective gastrointestinal delivery.

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Diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are associated with specific changes in the composition of the intestinal flora. Studies have shown that the supplementation with pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila has therapeutic and preventive effects on diabetes. However, it is not clear whether there is any association with improvement in and prevention of Alzheimer's disease and diabetes with Alzheimer's disease. Here, we found that pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila can significantly improve the blood glucose, body mass index, and diabetes indexes of zebrafish with diabetes mellitus complicated with Alzheimer's disease and also alleviate the related indexes of Alzheimer's disease. The memory, anxiety, aggression, and social preference behavior of zebrafish with combined type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (TA zebrafish) were significantly improved after pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila treatment. Moreover, we examined the preventive effect of pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila on diabetes mellitus complicated with Alzheimer's disease. The results showed that the z... Read More

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Akkermansia muciniphila is a mucin-degrading bacterium of the intestinal niche, exerting beneficial effects on the host metabolic profile. Accumulating evidence indicated Akkermansia as a promising therapeutic probiotic against metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, in specific intestinal microenvironments, its excessive enrichment may be not beneficial. Conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Salmonella typhimurium infection or post-antibiotic reconstitution may not benefit from Akkermansia supplementation. Furthermore, using Akkermansia in patients with endocrine and gynecological disorders-such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or endometriosis-that have a higher risk of developing IBD, should be critically evaluated. In addition, a cautionary note comes from the neurological field, as the gut microbiota of patients suffering from Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis exhibits a characteristic signature of Akkermansia municiphila abundance. Overall, considering these controversial points, the use of Akkermansia sh... Read More

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An isolated strain of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRH05, deposited under accession number DSM 33616, is disclosed for treating metabolic syndrome-related disorders and modifying gut microbiota. The strain exhibits anti-adipogenic activity, inhibiting fat absorption and reducing body weight, blood lipids, and body fat in subjects with metabolic syndrome. The strain is effective in treating obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes, and modifying gut microbiota composition.

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The role of Akkermansia muciniphila, one of the most abundant microorganisms of the intestinal microbiota, has been studied extensively in metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. It is considered a next-generation probiotic microorganism. Although its mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, accumulating evidence indicates the important role of A. muciniphila in brain functions via the gut-brain axis and its potential as a therapeutic target in various neuropsychiatric disorders. However, only a limited number of studies, particularly clinical studies, have directly assessed the therapeutic effects of A. muciniphila interventions in these disorders. This is the first review to discuss the comprehensive mechanism of A. muciniphila in the gut-brain axis via the protection of the intestinal mucosal barrier and modulation of the immune system and metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, amino acids, and amino acid derivatives. Additionally, the role of A. muciniphila and its therapeutic potential in various neuropsychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's diseas... Read More

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Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by inadequate insulin secretion by pancreas or the lack in ability of the present insulin to function properly.Hence, diabetes forms a fertile media for several diseases and represents a greater risk on human-being health.Over decades, several strategies for management of diabetes have been tried by specialists, of which medical, herbal, and even live style modification has been tried.Although diabetes mellitus represents a global growing epidemic disease, Till the moment there is no absolute solution at molecular level that targeting the disease.It's well known that commensal bacteria have an un-neglectable role in bode metabolism since infancy both in healthy and diseased patients.On a clinical base when we studied beneficial role of probiotics at cellular level in animals.It was proved in many studies the beneficial role of probiotic for people with DM; nevertheless, further prospective interventional research, mostly using human models, are required to fully understand the impact of probiotic use in diabetic patients.Indeed, ... Read More

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Composition comprising pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila for the treatment or prevention of gut contractility disorders, particularly duodenal contraction amplitude disorder, wherein the Akkermansia is administered in an amount from 1.10^8 to 5.10^10 cells per day, preferably for 3-7 days, and may be combined with probiotics, prebiotics, minerals, vitamins, or plant extracts.

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Background and aimsNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with gut microbiota and has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, but the relationship between specific strains and NAFLD has not been fully elucidated. We aimed to investigate whether Akkermansia muciniphila and Bifidobacterium bifidum could prevent NAFLD, the effects of their action alone or in combination, possible mechanisms, and modulation of the gut microbiota.

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Compositions comprising specific strains of microbes, including Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, and Clostridium species, for treating gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and Crohn's disease. The compositions are designed to modulate the gut microbiome and alleviate symptoms through mechanisms including pain reduction, improved gut motility, and enhanced barrier function.

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Appreciation of the importance of Akkermansia muciniphila is growing, and it is becoming increasingly relevant to identify preventive and/or therapeutic solutions targeting gutliverbrain axes for multiple diseases via Akkermansia muciniphila. In recent years, Akkermansia muciniphila and its components such as outer membrane proteins and extracellular vesicles have been known to ameliorate host metabolic health and intestinal homeostasis. However, the impacts of Akkermansia muciniphila on host health and disease are complex, as both potentially beneficial and adverse effects are mediated by Akkermansia muciniphila and its derivatives, and in some cases, these effects are dependent upon the host physiology microenvironment and the forms, genotypes, and strain sources of Akkermansia muciniphila. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the current knowledge of how Akkermansia muciniphila interacts with the host and influences host metabolic homeostasis and disease progression. Details of Akkermansia muciniphila will be discussed including its biological and genetic characteristics; bi... Read More

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The correlation between intestinal flora and diseases has become a hot research topic in recent years.Since the incidence of diabetes is closely related to chronic low-grade inflammation and intestinal flora disorders,the intervention of intestinal flora imbalance has become a research focus in the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus.Akkermansia muciniphila(A.muciniphila) stands out among the intestinal flora as it can alleviate the diabetes-related symptoms by regulating glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) level,improving intestinal barrier function,and inhibiting chronic inflammation,which is a potential target for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.The reduction in the abundance of A.muciniphila is a marker for the early diagnosis of diabetes.The available studies have demonstrated that the administration with A.muciniphila alone can significantly attenuate inflammation and other related symptoms of diabetic patients.Moreover,A.muciniphila has good safety and can be tolerated by human body.Therefore,A.muciniphila has the potential to serve as a new species of probiotic... Read More

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Gut microbiota have been shown to be associated with the development of various diseases, and also to be used as disease markers or therapeutic targets. In Japan, fecal transplantation was clinically applied for inflammatory bowel diseases, but strict management including safety should be required, and the details mechanism of action have not been elucidated. In Nature medicine in 2018, oral administration of Akkermanisia muciniphila for obesity and glucose intolerance showed weight loss and improvement of glucose metabolism. A company has been established and oral tablets are being sold.

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Scope Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila ) are Gram negative commensal bacteria, degrading mucin in the intestinal mucosa, modulating intestinal permeability and inflammation in the digestive tract, liver, and blood. Some components can promote the relative abundance of A. muciniphila in the gut microbiota, but lower levels of A. muciniphila are more commonly found in people with obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndromes, or inflammatory digestive diseases. Overintake of ethanol can also induce a decrease of A. muciniphila , associated with dysregulation of microbial metabolite production, impaired intestinal permeability, induction of chronic inflammation, and production of cytokines. Methods and results Using a PRISMA search strategy, a review is performed on the bacteriological characteristics of A. muciniphila , the factors capable of modulating its relative abundance in the digestive tract and its probiotic use in alcoholrelated liver diseases (alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic transplantation, partial hepatectomy). Conclusion Several studies ... Read More

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Diabetes mellitus is a global epidemic disease constantly increasing, due to genetic predisposition and behavioral risk factors, with etiological mechanisms not completely defined. Moreover, diabetes can induce critical complicationsDiabetes complications that damage the heart, vessels, kidney, eye and nerves, with important alterations in the quality and quantity of life. GutGut microbiotaGut microbiota represents a topic of growing interest in clinical research and several studies have focused their attention on the possible interplay between metabolic diseases and alteration in gutGut microbiotaGut microbiota. A different composition in bacterial phyla and species among patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetesType 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy people has been observed, with some differences in patients with complications. The purpose of this chapter is to show current knowledge on the composition of gutGut microbiotaGut microbiota in diabetic patients, the relationship between diabetic treatments and gutGut microbiotaGut microbiota and the possible advantages in the prevention a... Read More

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Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is the most common chronic disease worldwide, characterized mainly by increased glucose concentration in the blood and affecting several organs' functionality. The daily consumption of probiotic bacteria can help control diabetes and reduce the damage caused. Cell immobilization techniques are a powerful tool that provides physical cell protection to such probiotic bacteria against gastrointestinal conditions. We suggest that cell immobilization could be a significant vector for delivering a high quantity of viable probiotics to the gut, helping attenuate hyperglycemia in diabetic rats. Seventy male Wistar rats were used in this work. Nicotinamide was administrated via intraperitoneal injection 15 minutes before inducing type 2 diabetes (DM2), followed by a second intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to induce DM2. Rats were divided into seven groups. For 45 days, a specific treatment was applied to each group. The group of rats, supplied with immobilized Lactobacillus casei, showed a serum glucose concentration of 137 mg/dL, which was close to t... Read More

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Compositions for treating carbohydrate metabolism disorders, comprising novel probiotic bacterial strains and/or their derivatives, and optionally berry extracts. The bacterial strains, isolated from fermented foods, belong to the genera Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. The compositions are effective in lowering blood glucose levels and treating gastrointestinal inflammation, particularly in subjects with diabetes.

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Background: Diabetes remains a global public health concern in the world. Much is known about the burden of type 2 diabetes as opposed to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) hence underdiagnosis is evident. Diabetes type 1 is often associated with multiple symptoms and patients with type 1 diabetes are left with regular insulin injection as remedy despite odds of the fact that it is sprout by multiple challenges ranging from hypoglycemia, expensive nature and inconveniences. The use of probiotic bacteria appears today as one of safer alternative to alleviate diabetes and symptoms. Aim of the study: This study aims at characterizing potential hypoglycemic probiotic lactic acid bacterium from fermented cow milk and to evaluate its effects on anthropometric parameters of type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in an alloxan-induced mice model. Methods: The lactic acid bacteria were isolated from samples of Fulani cow milk using pour plating technique on de Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar. The isolates were then further characterized phenotypically and molecularly using the 16s rRNA gene sequencing... Read More

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A novel strain of Lactobacillus fermentum that can prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and fatty liver disease. The strain reduces inflammation in subcutaneous fat, blood glucose and insulin levels, and liver fat accumulation. It also lowers CRP, neutral fat, and cholesterol in blood.

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