Akkermansia Muciniphila Probiotics for Diabetes Management

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the metabolic diseases with the highest morbidity rates in the world. Probiotics have positive health impacts on human health and a considerable amount of research has demonstrated their beneficial effects in treating T2DM. However, probiotic intervention in T2DM has complex mechanisms because the pathogenesis of T2DM is complex. This review summarized the mechanisms of probiotic intervention in diabetes from the perspective of diabetes pathogenesis. First, the objectives of probiotic intervention in diabetes aimed at the intestinal tract reparative effects, pancreatic function, host metabolism and self-recovery were comprehensively reviewed. Next, we concluded the clinical application status of ingested probiotics in patients with T2DM, and an obvious imbalance exists between theoretical probiotic research and clinical applications. Finally, we summarized the emerging research on probiotic interventions in T2DM and analyzed the literature in this regard, including next-generation probiotics; suggestions for probiotics consumption with the ai... Read More

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Enhancing engraftment of beneficial gut bacteria in order to improve their therapeutic effectiveness. The technique involves co-administering a mucin-degrading bacterium along with a butyrate-producing bacterium. The mucin-degrading bacterium primes the gut environment for the butyrate-producing bacterium to engraft more efficiently. This synergistic engraftment enhancement allows better colonization of the butyrate-producing bacterium for improved therapeutic benefits. The technique can be used in microbiome therapies for conditions like metabolic disorders, skin disorders, neurological disorders, dysbiosis, inflammation, etc.

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A peptide, MccJ25, derived from a microorganism, exhibits antihyperglycemic effects in glucose-intolerant obese mice. The peptide, comprising a specific amino acid sequence, is administered to prevent or treat hyperglycemia in individuals, particularly those with prediabetes, insulin resistance, or type 1 or 2 diabetes. The peptide's mechanism of action is distinct from metformin, and it can be used alone or in combination with other antihyperglycemic agents.

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Akkermansia muciniphila VB202, a novel probiotic strain with strong antibacterial properties against Helicobacter pylori, Listeria monocytogenes, and Shigella, and potential for treating hyperglycemia and related diseases. The strain exhibits intestinal tolerance and can be used as a natural alternative to antibiotics.

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Akkermansia muciniphila strain LWHK0003, isolated from healthy human feces, prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) through modulation of the gut microbiome. The strain, deposited as DSM 35051, is effective in reducing liver inflammation and fibrosis when administered orally or parenterally in a pharmaceutical composition.

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Rationally designed oral probiotic compositions to improve health across multiple organ systems by first modulating the native gut microbiota and host tissue. The compositions contain consortiums of specific probiotic strains that, when administered, positively impact distant bodily systems like the cardiovascular system, skin, and brain. The strains are selected based on their ability to convert prebiotic compounds into beneficial metabolites that benefit the host. By combining specific strains with prebiotics, the compositions aim to provide targeted synbiotic therapy to address diseases and improve overall health.

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A microbial combination for weight loss comprising Lactobacillus gasseri and Akkermansia muciniphila, with a specific ratio of 40-60 copies of each bacterium. The combination is prepared by culturing the bacteria in separate media and then combining them in a pharmaceutical composition for oral administration. The composition is used to treat obesity and related metabolic disorders, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes.

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The gut microbiota is an indispensable component of the proper functioning of the human body, as gut microorganisms and their metabolites strongly influence the host's metabolism and immune functions. They also contribute to the biosynthesis of vitamins, production of gut hormones, maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity, protection against pathogens, as well as digestion and absorption of nutrients. Increasingly, the relationship between disturbances in the composition of gut microbiota and the onset of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes is being emphasized. Understanding the significance of the microbiota in the course of these diseases, its composition, and activity may offer new approaches to their treatment. Increasing attention is being paid to individual species of gut bacteria, among which Akkermansia muciniphila holds a special position, as a decrease in the abundance of this commensal bacterium in the gut is associated with many diseases, including obesity and diabetes.

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A quorum sensing peptide derived from Clostridium tyrobutyricum, a probiotic strain, exhibiting α-glucosidase inhibition and hypoglycemic activity, with potential therapeutic applications in diabetes treatment. The peptide, identified through fermentation of Clostridium tyrobutyricum, demonstrates potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 0.14 mM and significant hypoglycemic effects in animal models. The peptide's mechanism of action involves quorum sensing, which regulates intestinal microbiota composition and influences metabolic pathways. This discovery offers a novel therapeutic approach for diabetes management through the use of a naturally produced probiotic compound and its soluble peptide.

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Modulating microbiome activity to treat diseases and disorders through targeted administration of microbiome-modulating agents, including probiotics, prebiotics, and antimicrobials, to restore balance to the microbiome and alleviate symptoms of conditions such as gastrointestinal disorders, metabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases.

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Diabetes has become one of the most prevalent global epidemics, significantly impacting both the economy and the health of individuals. Diabetes is associated with numerous complications, such as obesity; hyperglycemia; hypercholesterolemia; dyslipidemia; metabolic endotoxemia; intestinal barrier damage; insulin-secretion defects; increased oxidative stress; and low-grade, systemic, and chronic inflammation. Diabetes cannot be completely cured; therefore, current research has focused on developing various methods to control diabetes. A promising strategy is the use of probiotics for diabetes intervention. Probiotics are a class of live, non-toxic microorganisms that can colonize the human intestine and help improve the balance of intestinal microbiota. In this review, we summarize the current clinical studies on using probiotics to control diabetes in humans, along with mechanistic studies conducted in animal models. The primary mechanism by which probiotics regulate diabetes is improved intestinal barrier integrity, alleviated oxidative stress, enhanced immune response, increased sh... Read More

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Akkermansia muciniphila is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium, a component of the normal human intestinal microbiota. A decrease in the presence of this bacterium is associated with pathologies, including metabolic disorders, intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer. A. muciniphila is a probiotic approved for patients with diabetes and obesity. In recent years, A. muciniphila was studied in the control of intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer. The exact mechanisms of A. muciniphila action remain unclear, while the use of different administration protocols shows different effects in mouse models of colitis and colorectal cancer. We reported that A. muciniphila has distinct effects on intestinal mucin production depending on viable or pasteurized form of bacteria. Another factor affecting the outcome of the A. muciniphila administration is the number of bacteria. To address how the dose of bacteria may affect the severity of acute intestinal inflammation wild-type mice were subjected to daily oral injections with 10 CFU or 109 CFU of viable A. muciniphila for two weeks; ... Read More

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A novel strain of Akkermansia muciniphila, designated as SSYD-3, for preventing and treating metabolic diseases. The strain exhibits improved fermentation performance, storage stability, acid and bile resistance compared to the existing ATCC BAA835 strain. It is effective in reducing visceral adipose tissue, improving oral glucose tolerance, and enhancing insulin sensitivity, making it a promising therapeutic agent for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.

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Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) significantly diminishes people's quality of life and imposes a substantial economic burden. This pathological progression is intimately linked with specific gut microbiota, such as Akkermansia muciniphila. Pasteurized A. muciniphila (P-AKK) has been defined as a novel food by the European Food Safety Authority and exhibited significant hypoglycemic activity. However, current research on the hypoglycemic activity of P-AKK is limited to the metabolic level, neglecting systematic exploration at the pathological level. Consequently, its material basis and mechanism of action for hypoglycemia remain unclear. Drawing upon this foundation, we utilized high-temperature killed A. muciniphila (H-K-AKK) with insignificant hypoglycemic activity as the control research object. Assessments were conducted at pathological levels to evaluate the hypoglycemic functions of both P-AKK and H-K-AKK separately. Our study unveiled for the first time that P-AKK ameliorated symptoms of T2DM by enhancing the generation of glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1), with pasteurized A. muciniphila ... Read More

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Abstract Prediabetes is an important stage in the development of diabetes. It is necessary to find a safe, effective and sustainable way to delay and reverse the progression of prediabetes. Akkermansia muciniphila ( A. muciniphila ) is one of the key bacteria associated with glucose metabolism. Recent studies mainly focus on the effect of A. muciniphila on obesity and insulin resistance, but there is no research on the effect of A. muciniphila on pancreatic -cell function and its mechanism in prediabetes. In this study, we investigated the effects of A. muciniphila on -cell function, apoptosis and differentiation, as well as its effects on the gut microbiome, intestinal barrier, metaflammation and the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced prediabetic rat model. The effect of A. muciniphila was compared with dietary intervention. The results showed both A. muciniphila treatment and dietary intervention can reduce metaflammation by repairing the intestinal barrier in rats with prediabetes induced by an HFD and improve -cell secretory function, apo... Read More

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Metabolic diseases are comprehensive disease based on obesity. Numerous cumulative studies have shown a certain correlation between the fluctuating abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and the occurrence of metabolic diseases. A. muciniphila , a potential probiotic candidate colonized in the human intestinal mucus layer, and its derivatives have various physiological functions, including treating metabolic disorders and maintaining human health. This review systematically explicates the abundance change rules of A. muciniphila in metabolic diseases. It also details the high efficacy and specific molecules mechanism of A. muciniphila and its derivatives in treating obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

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Methods for treating metabolic disorders by administering a therapeutically-effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a population of isolated and purified microbes, wherein at least one of the microbes has a specific sequence identity to a rRNA sequence of a particular microbe species. The composition can comprise microbes that alter glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) production, encode for enzymes involved in butyrate production, or produce butyrate. The microbes can be selected based on their rRNA sequence identity to specific species, including Akkermansia muciniphilia, Anaerostipes caccae, and Bifidobacterium adolescentis.

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The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of red quinoa polysaccharide (RQP) in alleviating type 2 diabetes (T2D) through in vivo and in vitro experiments. Results of HPLC and FITR showed that RQP was a complex polysaccharide and contained more glucose, galactose and acarbose. In vitro experiments, RQP showed strong antioxidant capacity and inhibition on -amylase and -glucosidase. In vivo experiments, RQP was proved to induce a significant improvement of diabetes after 4 weeks of ingestion, including the abilities of lowering blood glucose, regulating lipid metabolism, anti-oxidation and promoting secretion of SCFAs. Furthermore, 16S rRNA study demonstrated that RQP transformed the intestinal microbiota composition in diabetic mice, decreased the abundance of norank_f_Muribaculaceae and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group , and increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia , unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae , norank_f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group , unclassified_f_Atopobiaceae and norank_f_Lachnospiraceae . The biosynthetic pathways, metabolic pathways and intestinal m... Read More

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Akkermansia muciniphila is considered the paradigm for next-generation beneficial microorganisms and has been reported to help alleviat immune-related diseases. Evidence shows that herbal medicine can treat disease by regulating the abundance of A. muciniphila . Recent studies have revealed a link between A. muciniphila and immune-related diseases. Here, we systematically reviewed the association between A. muciniphila , herbal medicine, and immune-related diseases (including inflammatory bowel disease, human immunodeficiency virus, cancer immunotherapy, and immune-related liver injury). We also summarize the potential mechanisms of action of A. muciniphila and offer perspectives for future studies.

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A probiotic composition for treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) comprising specific bacterial strains, including Akkermansia muciniphila, Methanobrevibacter smithii, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bifidobacterium longum, Roseburia intestinalis, Eubacterium rectale, and Christenella minuta, which modulate the gut microbiome to reduce liver inflammation and fibrosis. The composition can be administered orally in a formulation that includes one or more of these strains, and is particularly effective in reducing liver enzymes, cholesterol, and triglycerides, and improving metabolic health in individuals with NAFLD and NASH.

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