Bifidobacterium Longum for Psychobiotics

Probiotic composition for self-treatment of mental exhaustion conditions. The composition contains specific strains of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, and lactococcus bacteria. It aims to address the submerged part of the symptom iceberg, where self-reported symptoms like mental exhaustion are not typically brought to medical attention. The composition is for self-medication to improve mental resilience and reduce mental exhaustion by modulating serotonin levels. It contains strains like Lactobacillus casei W56, Bifidobacterium lactis W51, and Lactococcus lactis W19.

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A psychobiotic composition comprising a mixture of bacterial strains, including Levilactobacillus brevis, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, and Bifidobacterium bifidum, for the prevention and/or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, mental illnesses, and psychiatric disorders. The composition is administered orally and has been shown to reduce disease symptoms and biomarkers in animal models of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions.

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Using gut bacteria to improve mental health by modifying the gut microbiome to reduce stress, anxiety, depression, and other psychological symptoms. The method involves administering specific bacterial strains like Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, Coprococcus, Roseburia, Bifidobacterium, L. casei, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, along with fiber, to beneficially affect brain function and mood. It also involves reducing harmful bacteria like Veillonella and Megasphaera, and bacteria producing sulfide, methane, and acetate.

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A postbiotic composition for treating and preventing psychiatric disorders, comprising lysates of probiotic microorganisms from the genera Bacillus, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces, and Streptococcus. The composition is administered orally or topically and contains a specific blend of bacterial and yeast lysates, including Bacillus, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in a particular ratio. The composition modulates the innate immune response and has immunomodulatory properties.

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A postbiotic composition comprising non-viable Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains for the treatment and prevention of anxiety disorders. The composition is derived from heat-treated forms of the bacteria, which retain their beneficial effects on anxiety despite being non-viable. The postbiotic composition can be administered orally in various forms, including solid and liquid formulations, and can be used as a medicament or nutritional supplement.

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A Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis strain, BI03, is identified as a probiotic agent for improving Parkinson's disease. The strain is shown to modulate the gut-brain axis, reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurodegeneration in a Parkinson's disease model. BI03 supplementation increases dopamine and serotonin levels in the brain, improves motor function, and alleviates symptoms of Parkinson's disease. The strain is prepared as a bacterial suspension through a two-step activation process and can be formulated into a medicine or health product for treating Parkinson's disease.

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Novel probiotics comprising Lactobacillus rhamnosus NK210, Bifidobacterium longum NK219, and Lactococcus lactis NK209, isolated from human feces, exhibit enhanced immune function, anti-inflammatory effects, and cognitive benefits through modulation of gut microbiota and regulation of immune responses. The probiotics demonstrate antioxidant activity, inhibit Clostridium difficile, and reduce LPS levels in the gut, promoting beneficial bacteria and improving intestinal health. Administration of these strains to animal models with antibiotic-induced gut microbiota imbalance restores gut function, reduces systemic inflammation, and improves cognitive impairment.

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A Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis strain, designated BL-11, that promotes physical development in infants and youth by modulating the gut microbiome and inducing insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) production. The strain also exhibits anti-obesity properties and improves intestinal permeability, making it suitable for preventing and treating mental disorders such as anxiety, depression, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

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A multi-strain probiotic formulation comprising Bacillus coagulans, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium infantis, administered in combination with glutamine, for treating treatment-resistant depression (TRD) by modulating the gut-brain axis and restoring balance to the gut microbiome.

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Currently, depression-induced suicide has emerged as the primary contributor to the worldwide burden of disability. However, the prevailing drug treatment not only suffers from delayed effectiveness and limited efficacy, but also there are withdrawal symptoms and rebound phenomenon. Consequently, there is an imperative to investigate safer and more efficient treatments to ameliorate the clinical manifestations of depression. At present, there is increased evidence that probiotics can improve the symptoms of depression, but the existing studies use many and mixed types of probiotics, and it is impossible to determine the specific efficacy of bifidobacteria in the treatment of depression. This review will systematically review the effects of bifidobacteria on the treatment effect of depression, Meta-analysis showed that Bifidobacterium-related preparations effectively improved depressive symptoms in patients with depression. This study represents the initial meta-analysis conducted on the use of bifidobacteria-related agents for treating depression. The objective was to determine the e... Read More

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A multi-strain probiotic formulation comprising Bacillus coagulans, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium infantis, administered for at least 6 weeks, is used to treat, prevent, and ameliorate symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The formulation is administered in a dosage regimen of 1-2 doses per day, with a total of 6-8 weeks of treatment. The probiotic formulation is used as an adjunct to standard OCD treatment and can be administered in the form of a food product, dietary supplement, or pharmaceutically acceptable composition.

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A probiotic strain of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis that promotes intestinal development and maturation. The strain, identified through metabolic characterization, exhibits enhanced sugar utilization capabilities, intestinal adhesion, and resistance to antibiotics, while maintaining a non-pathogenic profile. This novel strain can be used as a therapeutic agent to support normal intestinal development, particularly in individuals with developmental or growth-related intestinal disorders.

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A probiotic supplement that enhances cognitive function and immune system health through a synergistic combination of probiotic microorganisms and specific bioactive compounds. The supplement contains a unique blend of probiotic strains, including Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus reuterii, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus helveticus, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Akkermansia muciniphila, along with specific bioactive compounds like L-ascorbic acid, L-glutathione, beta-glucan, inulin, Ginkgo biloba, and ginseng. This combination provides enhanced energy production, hormone regulation, immune system support, and mental clarity, making it a valuable supplement for maintaining optimal cognitive function and immune health.

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Using specific strains of bacteria, like Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, and Lactobacillus paracasei, to improve mood disorders and cognitive function. The bacteria strains can be used in supplements for treating brain disorders like anxiety, depression, and dementia. The strains can also be used to improve cognitive function and prevent cognitive decline. The supplements can contain the strains alone or in combinations. The bacteria strains may be lyophilized for convenient dosing.

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Psychiatric disorders, notably major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, stand out as some of the most incapacitating conditions worldwide. Approximately 4.4% of the global population grapples with depression, making it a significant health concern. Bipolar disorder is distinguished by alternating episodes of depression and mania, interspersed with periods of normal mood. The beginning and progression of mental illnesses are becoming more influenced by the gut microbiome. Probiotics stand out as highly promising agents for modulating microbiota and have been studied for their potential to treat a broad range of illnesses, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cancer, arthritis and mental health issues. This review delves into the connection between bipolar disorders and gut microbiota, elucidates the mechanisms through which probiotic bacteria alleviate bipolar symptoms and examines the potential of incorporating probiotic bacteria as an efficacious element in the therapy of bipolar disorder.

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In this study, a systematic review of randomized clinical trials conducted from January 2000 to December 2023 was performed to examine the efficacy of psychobioticsprobiotics beneficial to mental health via the gutbrain axisin adults with psychiatric and cognitive disorders. Out of the 51 studies involving 3353 patients where half received psychobiotics, there was a notably high measurement of effectiveness specifically in the treatment of depression symptoms. Most participants were older and female, with treatments commonly utilizing strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria over periods ranging from 4 to 24 weeks. Although there was a general agreement on the effectiveness of psychobiotics, the variability in treatment approaches and clinical presentations limits the comparability and generalization of the findings. This underscores the need for more personalized treatment optimization and a deeper investigation into the mechanisms through which psychobiotics act. The research corroborates the therapeutic potential of psychobiotics and represents progress in the management of ... Read More

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Preventing or treating depression or anxiety disorders. The prevention includes analyzing Lactococcus lactis P32 KCCM13222P strain, detecting the presence of lactic acid bacteria, identifying the bacterium, and determining whether or not the bacterium has a role in suppressing the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms or the growth of fungi.

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Probiotic compositions for preventing and treating stress-related conditions like impaired cognitive function, anxiety, insomnia, baby blues, postpartum depression, menopausal depression, generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, panic attacks, attention deficit disorder. The compositions contain a combination of probiotic strains, Lactobacillus reuteri PBS072 and Bifidobacterium breve BB077 or Bifidobacterium lactis BL050.

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ABSTRACT Twelve Bifidobacterium strains were isolated from fecal samples of inflammatory bowel disease patients and matched household control individuals. These include the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis , Bifidobacterium animalis , Bifidobacterium breve , Bifidobacterium catenulatum , Bifidobacterium longum , and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum .

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Psychiatric diseases, which are described as varying degrees of neurological damage occurring in the brain as a result of numerous events, have become more common in recent years. The intestinal flora is called the "second brain" and has an impact on how the central nervous system grows and develops. Most episodes of psychiatric disorders are often closely associated with altered or structurally unstable intestinal flora. Therefore, intestinal flora can control the growth and activity of the brain in the body via means of the "microbial-gut-brain axis", which positively impacts the prevention and treatment of psychiatric illnesses like depression, Alzheimer's disease, autism spectrum disorders and other psychiatric diseases. This paper outlines the recent research advancements on the application of probiotics to psychiatric diseases on the basis of the bi-directional regulation mechanism of "microbial-gut-brain axis", and points out the limitations and research focus of current clinical trials. This paper provides fresh concepts and theoretical references for early probiotic interven... Read More

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Synbiotic composition containing specific bacterial strains and dietary fibers for treating neuropsychiatric disorders, reducing disorder symptoms, and mitigating side effects of pharmacological treatments. The synbiotic comprises Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Bifidobacterium breve bacteria strains along with inulin, pectin, beta-glucan, resistant starch, galacto-oligosaccharide, isomalto-oligosaccharide, or rice fiber. Administering this synbiotic composition improves neuropsychiatric disorder conditions like ADHD, reduces inflammation markers, and enhances short chain fatty acid production in the gut.

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Introduction Atypical antipsychotic (AAP) drugs are the gold-standard treatment for psychotic patients but are nowadays also widely prescribed among people with other mental disorders. Notwithstanding the benefits of AAP in terms of symptom improvement, there are severe adverse effects including the metabolic syndrome. A novel hypothesis is that part of these undesirable effects of antipsychotics could be mediated by their deleterious effects on the microbiome. This may result in dysbiosis, the disruption of bacterial species of the gut microbiota. Recently, dysbiosis has been linked to poor quality of life, depression and anxiety through the gut-brain axis. Mounting evidence proposes that prebiotic consumption may be helpful in the recovery of dysbiosis, although this effect is unclear among long-term antipsychotic users. Objectives The main objective of this study is to assess the potential beneficial effects of the prebiotic Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) in combination with 2-fucosyllactose (2-FL) on the gut microbiota, by showing a relative increase in Bifidobacteria in fecal ... Read More

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Mental illness is a hidden epidemic in modern science that has gradually spread worldwide. According to estimates from the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 10% of the world's population suffers from various mental diseases each year. Worldwide, financial and health burdens on society are increasing annually. Therefore, understanding the different factors that can influence mental illness is required to formulate novel and effective treatments and interventions to combat mental illness. Gut microbiota, consisting of diverse microbial communities residing in the gastrointestinal tract, exert profound effects on the central nervous system through the gut-brain axis. The gut-brain axis serves as a conduit for bidirectional communication between the two systems, enabling the gut microbiota to affect emotional and cognitive functions. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in the gut microbiota, is associated with an increased susceptibility to mental health disorders and psychiatric illnesses. Gut microbiota is one of the most diverse and abundant groups of microbes that have been found... Read More

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Depression is a multifaceted mental health disorder with complex etiology and significant global burden. Recent research indicates that the gut microbiota plays a role in the pathophysiology of depression, highlighting the potential role of specific bacterial species in influencing mood and cognitive function. In this study, we aimed to investigate the presence, copy numbers, and Ct values of selected bacterial species in stool samples from depressed patients (n=50) compared to control subjects (n=50). Our findings revealed significant differences in the abundance of Fusobacterium spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Bacteroidetes phylum, Firmicutes phylum, and Actinobacteria spp. between the two groups. Dysregulation of the gut microbiota, characterized by decreased presence of beneficial bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp.) and altered abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Fusobacterium spp.), may contribute to the development or exacerbation of depression. These findings support the emerging concept of the gut-brain axis and its role i... Read More

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The significance of Bifidobacterium to human health can be appreciated from its early colonization of the neonatal gut, where Bifidobacterium longum represents the most abundant species. While its relative abundance declines with age, it is further reduced in several diseases. Research into the beneficial properties of B. longum has unveiled a range of mechanisms, including the production of bioactive molecules, such as short-chain fatty acids, polysaccharides, and serine protease inhibitors. From its intestinal niche, B. longum can have far-reaching effects in the body influencing immune responses in the lungs and even skin, as well as influencing brain activity. In this review, we present the biological and clinical impacts of this species on a range of human conditions beginning in neonatal life and beyond. The available scientific evidence reveals a strong rationale for continued research and further clinical trials that investigate the ability of B. longum to treat or prevent a range of diseases across the human lifespan.

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A composition for preventing or treating dementia containing probiotics, specifically Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 and Bifidobacterium longum BORI strains, which have been shown to improve cognitive function and reduce dementia-related memory deficits in animal models. The composition is suitable for both food and pharmaceutical applications, with a recommended strain ratio of 1:0.8-1.2.

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Aim Probiotics are live microorganisms that are part of the human microbiota. The intestines are the habitat for approximately 1013-1014 microorganisms, mainly Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. The gut microbiota is an individual characteristic for each person and can change due to many factors, including: age, diet, and health status. The gut microbiota plays a key role in the proper functioning of the brain-gut axis, thus contributing to human health and mental well-being. The aim of this study was to present the effect of probiotic use in the course of selected psychiatric disorders. Material and methods The literature review was performed using information from PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, and Polish Psychiatry databases that were published before 2022. Results and discussion: A factor associated with disorders such as depression, autism, Alzheimer's disease, and mental anorexia is the generalized inflammation taking place in the patient's body. Research indicates that the inflammatory response may be caused by an imbalance in the intestinal barrier and disruption of its continuity... Read More

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Psychobiotics are bacteria that have a positive mental health benefit when ingested in adequate amounts. They act through the braingutmicrobiota axis which is a bidirectional communication system linking gut microbes and the brain. Until relatively recently, gut microbes were viewed as commensal with no major impact on brain function. It is now clear that gut microbes produce an array of molecules which are essential for normal brain function, for example short-chain fatty acids. Over 1,000 strains of bacteria have been identified in the human gut and there is increasing evidence to support the view that psychiatric illnesses are associated with a gut dysbiosis. It is within this context that the field of psychobiotic research has emerged. Given the novel state of the field, it is not surprising that there are far more animal than human studies in the literature. However, there is growing evidence that some psychobiotics can play a role in managing stress-related disorders such as anxiety, depression and irritable bowel syndrome. So far, the major focus of psychobiotic research has... Read More

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In recent years, it has been described that the dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota plays a transcendental role in several pathologies. In this sense, the importance of the gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis, with a bidirectional communication, has been demonstrated. Furthermore, the gut microbiota has been linked with mood disorders and neuropsychiatric disorders.A systematic review of two databases - PubMed and Scopus - was carried out following PRISMA guidelines. We included original studies in humans with a control group published in the last 11 years, which were assessed by the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) to confirm their quality. Eighteen articles met all the selection criteria.A review of the articles revealed an association between psychiatric disorders and different bacterial phyla. The studies we have reviewed have demonstrated differences between subjects with psychiatric disorders and controls and highlight a clear relationship between depression, stress, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), psychotic episodes, eating disorders, anxiety and brain function and... Read More

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The number of individuals experiencing mental disorders (e.g., anxiety and depression) has significantly risen in recent years. Therefore, it is essential to seek prevention and treatment strategies for mental disorders. Several gut microbiota, especially Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, are demonstrated to affect mental health through microbiota-gut-brain axis, and the gut microbiota dysbiosis can be related to mental disorders, such as anxiety, depression, and other mental disorders. On the other hand, dietary components, including probiotics (e.g., Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium), prebiotics (e.g., dietary fiber and alpha-lactalbumin), synbiotics, postbiotics (e.g., short-chain fatty acids), dairy products, spices (e.g., Zanthoxylum bungeanum, curcumin, and capsaicin), fruits, vegetables, medicinal herbs, and so on, could exert protective effects against mental disorders by enhancing beneficial gut microbiota while suppressing harmful ones. In this paper, the mental disorder-associated gut microbiota are summarized. In addition, the protective effects of dietary components on ment... Read More

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A probiotic supplement that enhances cognitive function in individuals at risk of age-related cognitive decline. The supplement combines the probiotic strains Bifidobacterium breve FERM BP-11175 and a culture of Bifidobacterium breve FERM BP-11175 to improve cognitive performance in individuals with normal cognitive function. The probiotic enhances memory, visuospatial skills, and delayed memory, while maintaining normal cognitive function. The supplement is particularly beneficial for individuals concerned about age-related cognitive decline, as it can potentially delay or prevent the onset of dementia.

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Mental health conditions have been linked closely to an imbalance of microbiota in the gut, leading to disruption of the microbiome (dysbiosis). Several neurotransmitters, such as GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), serotonin, and glutamate, are produced in the gut, which are associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms. Mental health and the gut have been linked closely, and many mental illnesses have been associated with gut dysbiosis. Probiotics are marketed to improve gut health, act as mood enhancers, and be effective in reducing stress as unregulated over-the-counter supplements. Given healthcare disparities and patient-doctor gaps across the globe, this review aims to appraise the literature on probiotics for the prevention and treatment of mental disorders. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched till March 2023 using the MeSH words "prebiotics," "probiotics," "synbiotics," and "psychobiotics." Out of 207 studies, 26 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Studies suggest probiotics could be an effective and economical adjunct therapy; how... Read More

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An anti-aging composition containing lactic acid bacterial strains like Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium longum to prevent aging. The strains can be administered as isolated bacteria or fermented products. They scavenge free radicals, inhibit aging genes, reduce oxidative damage, and enhance antioxidant enzymes. Administering the composition at 106-1010 CFU/kg body weight daily can prevent aging.

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Depression is a common psychological disease, which has become one of the main factors affecting human health. It has a serious impact on individuals, families, and society. With the prevalence of COVID-19, the incidence of depression has further increased worldwide. It has been confirmed that probiotics play a role in preventing and treating depression. Especially, Bifidobacterium is the most widely used probiotic and has positive effects on the treatment of depression. The mechanisms underlying its antidepressant effects might include anti-inflammation and regulation of tryptophan metabolism, 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis, and the hypothalamus-pituitaryadrenal axis. In this mini-review, the relationship between Bifidobacterium and depression was summarized. It is hoped that Bifidobacterium -related preparations would play a positive role in the prevention and treatment of depression in the future.

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Epilepsy is a challenging brain disorder that is often difficult to treat with conventional therapies. The gut microbiota has been shown to play an important role in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders, including epilepsy. In this study, the effects of Bifidobacterium longum, a probiotic, on inflammation, neuronal degeneration, and behavior are evaluated in a lithium-pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) induced in young adult rats. B. longum was administered orally at a dose of 109 CFU/rat for 30 days after pilocarpine injection. The results show that B. longum treatment has beneficial effects on the TLE-induced changes in anxiety levels, neuronal death in the amygdala, and body weight recovery. In addition, B. longum increased the expression of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective genes, such as Il1rn and Pparg. However, the probiotic had little effect on TLE-induced astrogliosis and microgliosis and did not reduce neuronal death in the hippocampus and temporal cortex. The study suggests that B. longum may have a beneficial effect on TLE and may provide valua... Read More

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Novel Bifidobacterial strains having enhanced ability to assimilate human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) as sole carbon source, particularly 2'-fucosyllactose and other HMOs. The strains, including Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis and Bifidobacterium bifidum, exhibit improved growth on HMOs compared to conventional strains, enabling their use in prebiotic compositions and fermented foods to promote gut health.

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Background: There is growing evidence to suggest that the human microbiome, the trillions of microorganisms that reside in and on our bodies, can impact mental health. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this relationship and the clinical implications of these findings are still being explored. Methods: In this systematic review, the author searched multiple databases for studies examining the relationship between the human microbiome and mental health. The studies included in the review spanned both animal and human research and included both observational and interventional studies. Results: The author found that there is evidence to suggest that changes in the gut microbiome can impact mood, behaviour and cognitive function. Specifically, alterations in the gut microbiome have been associated with anxiety, depression, and stress-related disorders. The author also found that certain probiotics and prebiotics, as well as faecal microbiota transplantation, may have potential as therapies for these conditions. Conclusion: The relationship between the human microbiome and mental h... Read More

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Introduction Many psychiatric illnesses have been linked to the gut microbiome, with supplements such as probiotics showing some efficacy in alleviating the symptoms of some psychiatric illnesses. The aim of this review is to evaluate the current literature investigating the effects of adjuvant probiotic or synbiotic administration in combination with first-line treatments for psychiatric illnesses. Method A systematic search of four databases was conducted using key terms related to treatments for psychiatric illnesses, the gut microbiome, and probiotics. All results were then evaluated based on specific eligibility criteria. Results Eight studies met eligibility criteria and were analyzed for reported changes in outcome measures used to assess the symptoms of psychiatric illness and the tolerability of treatment. All Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) ( n = 5) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) ( n = 1) studies found adjuvant probiotic or synbiotic treatment to be more efficacious in improving the symptoms of psychiatric illness than the first-line treatment alone or with placebo.... Read More

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A probiotic composition comprising Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei, and Bifidobacterium longum strains, specifically CECT8361, CECT9104, and CECT7347, respectively, for reducing oxidative stress and molecular damage caused by intense physical exercise. The composition is administered orally in a food-based or pharmaceutical vehicle and has been shown in clinical trials to decrease lipid and DNA damage markers after high-intensity exercise.

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Composition containing lactic acid bacteria strains and their metabolites to improve brain function. The strains, like Lactobacillus salivarius and Bifidobacterium longum, and their fermentation products can elevate brain function when consumed. The composition can be used as a food or pharmaceutical to boost brain ability.

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The therapeutic management of psychiatric disorders is currently confronted with a critical need to find new therapeutic interventions due to the high rates of non-responsivity or low responsivity in the key pathologies, e.g. schizophrenia spectrum disorders, alcohol use disorders, or major depressive disorder. The modulation of intestinal microbiota has been explored in various organic and psychiatric dysfunctions, with different degrees of success. However, this type of intervention may represent a helpful add-on at a conceptual level since it does not associate negative pharmacokinetics interactions, significant adverse events, or risk for non-adherence in the long term. Oral administration of pre-, pro-, or synbiotics, and especially the treatment with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), are methods still in their early research phase for patients with psychiatric disorders, therefore an exploration of data regarding the potential benefits and adverse events of FMT was considered necessary. In order to accomplish this purpose, the available results of research dedicated to ea... Read More

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This volume, written by leading experts, discusses the role of microorganisms in both mental health and disease.

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Common mental disorders such as anxiety and depression have increased in prevalence in recent decades, becoming a global health challenge. In this context, it is necessary to search for therapeutic approaches aimed at preventing and treating these disorders. The term psychobiotics refers to beneficial bacteria (probiotics) or support for these bacteria (prebiotics) that influence bacteriabrain relationships. In addition to improving bowel function, they may also exert anxiolytic and antidepressant effects through immunological, humoral, neuronal, and metabolic pathways. Therefore, the use of psychobiotics can help the maintenance and/or restoration of the population's mental health. This chapter describes in detail protocols for the elaboration of a food product with psychobiotic potential. In addition, the most used behavioral tests for preclinical trials that can be applied to confirm the psychobiotic effect are also discussed.

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Psychobiotics are the good microorganisms (probiotics) that have been shown to improve people's mental health. The ability to produce or enhance the production of short-chain fatty acids, neurotransmitters, hormones, enteroendocrine, and anti-inflammatory cytokines sets them apart from conventional probiotics. Psychobiotics have a broad spectrum of applications because of their potential. Psychobiotics can be used for mood improvement and stress reduction. Further, they can also be used as an adjuvant in the treatment of numerous neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental illnesses. Bifidobacteria, Escherichia, Enterococci, Streptococci, and Lactobacilli are the most frequent used psychobiotic bacteria. These bacteria affect the brain's and gastrointestinal systems' two-way communication. The neurons of the enteric nervous system or the second brain directly interact with the gut bacteria's neurochemicals, affecting signalling to the central nervous system. This chapter summarizes the scope and development of the field of psychobiotics, as well as the numerous commercially available ps... Read More

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Recent studies have linked the gut microbiota to psychiatric symptoms and disorders through complex bidirectional networks. The purpose of the current article is to describe the associations between the gut microbiota and brain in psychiatric disorders. Although there are no approved treatments, there are global efforts underway to find more accurate measures to guide treatment and research. In this brief review, we describe current conceptualizations regarding the complex interconnections between psychiatric disorders and the gut microbiota. [ Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 61 (3), 711.]

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The gut microbiome is a significant contributor to mental health, with growing evidence linking its composition to anxiety and depressive disorders.Gut microbiome composition is associated with signs of anxiety and depression both in clinically diagnosed mood disorders and subclinically in the general population and may be influenced by dietary fibre intake and the presence of chronic pain.We provide an update of current evidence on the role of gut microbiome composition in depressive and anxiety disorders or symptoms by reviewing available studies.Analysing data from three independent cohorts (osteoarthritis 1 (OA1); n = 46, osteoarthritis 2 (OA2); n = 58, and healthy controls (CON); n = 67), we identified microbial composition signatures of anxiety and depressive symptoms at genus level and cross-validated our findings performing meta-analyses of our results with results from previously published studies.The genera Bifidobacterium (fixed-effect beta (95% CI) = -0.22(-0.34, -0.10), p = 3.90e-04) and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group (fixed-effect beta (95% CI) = -0.09(-0.13, -0.05), p =... Read More

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Knowledge of the microbiome-gut-brain axis has revolutionized the field of psychiatry. It is now well recognized that the gut bacteriome is associated with, and likely influences, the pathogenesis of mental disorders, including major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. However, whilst substantial advances in the field of microbiome science have been made, we have likely only scratched the surface in our understanding of how these ecosystems might contribute to mental disorder pathophysiology. Beyond the gut bacteriome, research into lesser explored components of the gut microbiome, including the gut virome, mycobiome, archaeome, and parasitome, is increasingly suggesting relevance in psychiatry. The contribution of microbiomes beyond the gut, including the oral, lung, and small intestinal microbiomes, to human health and pathology should not be overlooked. Increasing both our awareness and understanding of these less traversed fields of research is critical to improving the therapeutic benefits of treatments targeting the gut microbiome, including fecal microbiome transplantati... Read More

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Bifidobacteria, despite more than a century of research history, attract the attention of researchers. Currently, more than 100 species of the Bifidobacterium genus, belonging to the Actinomycetota phylum, have been described. An analysis of the biological properties of bifidobacteria during the formation of symbiotic relationships with the human host revealed several functional clusters, among which one group of bifidobacteria is involved in the cytokine balance, the second recognizes microsymbionts, protecting the biotope from pathogens, and the third supports the barrier function of enterocytes and colonocytes. This ensures optimal functioning of the intestinal biotope. The proven properties of bifidobacteria expand the range of their clinical use as new biological products and functional foods for dysbiosis correction, considering the physiological "specialization" of various Bifidobacterium strains. Key words: Bifidobacterium, Actinomycetota phylum, intestinal microbiome, dysbiosis, probiotics, functional foods

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Depression is a common mental illness characterized by continuous and long-term low mood. In recent years, with the increasing number of depression-related research, a growing body of research suggests that dysbiosis of the intestinal flora is associated with the development of depression. Probiotics can effectively improve intestinal flora disorders and repair gastrointestinal function, which is expected to become a new treatment for depression. This review summarizes the studies related to probiotics and depression.

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The gut microbiome has been well researched in the past few years and may be a target for treating mental illness. Trillions of bacteria in the digestive system work with the brain, immune function, and endocrine pathways. This gut microbiome ecosystem mediates the interaction between the human being and the environment making its inclusion in holistic nursing essential. Changes in normal balance of the gut microbiome occur with diet, antibiotics and other medications, stress, cancer treatment, geography and environment, and current illnesses. When the microbiome is challenged a dysbiotic state leads to inadequate production of needed neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine. Research has shown links between the dysbiosis, and the inflammatory response system that are known to contribute to depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia. Understanding the role of the gut microbiome can be beneficial to holistic nurses, providing a new tool to prevent, treat, or reduce symptoms of mental illness and improve general immune function. This innocuous holistic approach to mental wellness... Read More

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