Lactobacillus rhamnosus Probiotics for Diarrhea Prevention

Combination live biotherapeutic treatments for restoring microbiome balance to treat diseases like infant diarrhea and vaginal infections. The treatments involve administering a specific blend of bacteria strains, Bifidobacterium and Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, that inhibit pathogen growth and immune responses. The bacteria strains are chosen to have synergistic effects when cultured together. This combination therapy aims to improve efficacy and reduce dosage compared to single strain probiotics.

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The genus Lactobacillus is a heterogeneous group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with important implications in biotechnology. It is a predominant microorganism in the world of gastrointestinal health, but various other uses are being explored. They have long been considered in the generally recognized as safe (GRAS) category by the Food and Drug Authority (FDA). They have been extensively used in fermentation and there is growing interest regarding their use in gut health, vaccine production, and biomedical innovation. This chapter highlights the application of lactobacilli in healthcare.

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Abstract Antibiotic associated diarrhea frequently complicates treatment of infections. A recent randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial tested a proprietary probiotic mixture and found it reduced the incidence of AAD by 16%. This is encouraging for patients, but future progress on probiotics for AAD and other conditions depends on transparency around strain selection, probiotic design guided by preclinical mechanistic studies, and rigorously conducted human studies.

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Abstract Diarrheal diseases remain the leading cause of high mortality among the infants, particularly in the developing countries; Probiotic intervention for diarrhea has been an ongoing novel approach to diarrheal prevention and treatment. This study aims to characterize immunogenic and probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from human breast milk and neonates faeces. The LAB isolates from 16 mothers breast milk and 13 infants faeces were screened and identified by 16 S rRNA gene partial sequencing. Their antimicrobial activities against 5 strains of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli were tested. Organic acids production was quantified by HPLC, and antibiotic resistance pattern were determined by VITEK . Autoaggregation, co-aggregation and hydrophobicity properties were assessed by UV spectrophotometry and immunomodulatory effect was determined in mouse model. Ninety-three LAB of five genera were identified. The most abundant species was Lactiplantibacillus plantarum with inhibition zones ranged from 8.0 to 25.0 1 mm. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus A012 had 7... Read More

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A probiotic protein complex vitamin comprising immune protein activation factor, complex vitamins, maca powder, panax notoginseng powder, dextrin, and corn starch, with a simultaneous fermentation process of multiple strains. The vitamin formulation is designed to enhance immune function, metabolic pathways, and overall physical fitness, while also promoting gastrointestinal health and preventing diarrhea.

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The gut microbiota is the central regulator of human metabolism, it is considered a superorganism, it fulfills functions related to homeostasis and the maintenance of systemic health, contributing to immunity and epithelial integrity, any alteration is related to non-compliance or interruption of some of its functions, for this reason in search of balance, prevention and treatment measures have been implemented, one of them is the use of probiotics, which has been proven to bring beneficial actions towards the health of the host. , such as lactobacillus and bifidobacteria, here we will review the association between gut microbiota, probiotics and the use of probiotics like a treatment of prevention for pathologies of gut microbiota.

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A novel use of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei K56 for enhancing intestinal immunity and resistance to bacterial infection. The strain significantly reduces pathogenic bacterial adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells, improves barrier function, and activates intestinal immunity. It can be used in food, pharmaceutical, or feed products to prevent diarrhea and combat bacterial infections.

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Conventional dairy probiotics products that include yogurts/curds and cheese are considered the chief source of probiotic microbiome. Several health benefits have been attributed to the ingestion of probiotic microbiome. They were supposed to improve immunity and increase resistance to infection and improve general well-being. They aid in the digestion of lactose, which results in the reduction in intestinal bloating, flatulence, and discomfort. It has also been suggested that they offer protection against Clostridium botulinum spores and associated toxins (a feasible reason for abrupt sudden infant death syndrome or infant death syndrome). To prevent and treat diarrheal disorder, the most acknowledged therapeutic submission is probiotics administration. The diarrhea disorders include rota virus-induced diarrhea in toddlers and old-age people. They prevent infection and traveler's diarrhea and protect against some kinds of cancer. Decrease in blood cholesterol levels and reduction in incidence of cardiovascular disease have also been attributed to probiotics. Probiotics specifically ... Read More

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Background. One of the important links in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a change in the composition of the microbiota, and therefore, the use of probiotics in complex therapy can be considered as a pathogenetic treatment of this functional disease. Aim. To study the effectiveness of probiotic use on the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the dynamics of symptoms in patients with IBS with predominance of diarrhea (IBS-D) or constipation (IBS-C). Materials and methods. 10 patients with IBS-D and 7 patients with IBS-C who took a probiotic for 28 days, which included: Lactobacillus acidophilus 1.25109 CFU, Bifidobacterium lactis 1.25109 CFU, Lactobacillus paracasei 1.25109 CFU, Lactobacillus rhamnosus 1.25109 CFU. The dynamics of symptoms was assessed using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, and the composition of the microbiota before and after taking the probiotic was analyzed by sequencing 16S pRNA of stool samples. Results. In both groups, we found a statistically significant decrease in the level of Proteobacteria and an increase i... Read More

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Background: Regarding the appropriate effect of probiotics in treating acute diarrhea and the high prevalence of non-bacterial acute diarrhea among children in the population. Objectives: The present study evaluates the effect of synbiotic drops in children with acute diarrhea, including the number of hospitalization days, daily excreted diarrhea volume, duration of diarrhea, and reduction in the number of excretions between the case and control groups. Methods: This was a prospective double-blinded and randomized-controlled clinical trial on children aged 6 - 24 months with non-bloody acute diarrhea were included. The reason for hospitalization was diarrhea. In the case group, the patients consume PediLact (Zisttakhmir, Tehran, Iran) drop (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus reuteri, and bifidobacterium infantis) 109 CFU and fructooligosaccharides. PediLact drop was used with milk or lukewarm food for five days along with other routine hospital cares. The number of hospitalization days, the daily excreted diarrhea, diarrhea duration, and decreasing numbers of excretion in patient... Read More

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As our understanding of the intricate interaction between gut bacteria and human health continues to expand, so too has interest in the ability of probiotics to manage gut microbiota and confer multiple health benefits to the host. The mini literature review focuses on the expanding potential of the use of probiotics in GI health, with a focus on probiotics' potential therapeutic advantages in a variety of gastrointestinal (GI) illnesses. Probiotics play a significant role in managing diarrhea and symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) by modulating gut microbial communities. Specific probiotic strains have been found to reduce the abundance of harmful bacteria, regulate inflammatory markers like interleukin 6, and improve GI symptoms such as abdominal discomfort and stool consistency. Additionally, probiotic blends have shown potential for preventing GI infections and alleviating GI pain in IBS-D patients. Studies have demonstrated that certain multi-strain probiotics, including Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species, can significantly increase the frequency o... Read More

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Diarrhea is an atypical state of the digestive system characterized by a soft or watery texture in bowel movements. Antibiotic-related diarrhea is common in the elderly due to extensive antibiotic use. Probiotics are vital microorganisms that support the intestinal flora and reduce bacterial colonization in the intestinal wall. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness, type, and dose of probiotics for diarrhea in the elderly. A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Seven records with a total of 2,087 participants were included. A quantitative analysis was carried out using Review Manager version 5 software. A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the frequency of diarrhea. The results showed that using probiotics significantly reduced the risk of antibiotic-related diarrhea 0.53 times compared to the placebo administration (OR 0.53; CI 95% 0.29 to 0.98; I2 = 70%). The type of probiotics frequently given was the genera of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Streptococcus, with consumption durations varying from 3 days t... Read More

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Lactic acid bacteria produce various beneficial metabolites, including antimicrobial agents. Owing to the fast-rising antibiotic resistance among pathogenic microbes, scientists are exploring antimicrobials beyond antibiotics. In this study, we examined four Lactobacillus strains, namely L. plantarum 42, L. brevis 205, L. rhamnosus 239, and L. delbrueckii 263, isolated from healthy human microbiota, to evaluate their antibacterial and antifungal activity.

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Abstract: This study explores the potential of using probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that produce bacteriocins as a novel approach to controlling gut microbiota dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis, characterized by an imbalance in the composition of the gut microbiota, is implicated in various health disorders. Probiotic LAB have gained attention for their ability to promote a balanced gut microbiota. Bacteriocin-producing LAB offer an added advantage by inhibiting pathogenic bacteria and promoting the growth of beneficial microbes. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the mechanisms of probiotic LAB and their bacteriocins in modulating gut microbiota composition. Additionally, key clinical studies and potential applications of bacteriocin-producing LAB in mitigating gut dysbiosis are discussed.

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Background: Antibiotic-associated diarrhea is a condition reported in 535% of patients treated with antibiotics, especially in older patients with comorbidities. In most cases, antibiotic-associated diarrhea is not associated with serious complications, but it can prolong hospitalization and provoke Clostridium difficile infection. An important role in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea is carried out by some probiotic strains such as Lactobacillus GG or the yeast Saccharomyces boulardii that showed good efficacy and a significant reduction in antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Similarly, the Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 showed significant benefits in acute diarrhea, reducing its duration and abdominal pain. Aim: The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a mix of two probiotic strains (Limosilactobacillus reuteri LMG P-27481 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103; Reuterin GG, NOOS, Italy), in association with antibiotics (compared to antibiotics used alone), in reducing antibiotic-associated diarrhea, clostridium difficile infection, and other g... Read More

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As different probiotic supplements become increasingly seen in the market, questions regarding their use for gut health from patients rises as well. Because these supplements do not require FDA approval, their safety and efficacy is often unknown and limited research available poses an even greater challenge for healthcare providers when prompted with questions regarding their use. This article summarizes evidence-based recommendations provided by the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) and the World Gastroenterology Organization (WGO). Of the conditions discussed, supportive evidence on the use of probiotics is mostly seen in the prevention of C. diff associated diarrhea, prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhea and treatment of IBS. Of the millions of different strains available, the recurring genus seen across multiple disease states is Lactobacillus. It is most known that probiotics serve as a source of good bacteria, but these supplements may pose a threat in certain patient populations and require careful consideration between patients and providers before star... Read More

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Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is the world's most consumed probiotic but its mechanism of action on intestinal permeability and differentiation along with its interactions with an essential source of signaling metabolites, dietary tryptophan (trp), are unclear.

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Diarrhea is a common unfavorable consequence of antibiotics. Probiotic yogurt is equally effective as probiotic capsules, so it may provide a simple and cost-effective means of preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). The study aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotic yogurt on AAD among pediatric patients.

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Infant feces and breast milk are sources of lactic acid bacteria with interesting functional and technological properties. Therefore, we focused on the isolation and characterization of new potential probiotic strains from infant feces and breast milk. Nine strains were identified based on 16S rRNA sequences of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, and Lactobacillus gasseri. Subsequently, these isolates were evaluated for their safety (antibiotic resistance, hemolytic, and enzymatic activity) and functional properties (gastrointestinal condition tolerance, hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, adhesion to Caco-2/HT-29 cell lines, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, and the production of exopolysaccharides). All the isolates were non-hemolytic and resistant to streptomycin, kanamycin, and vancomycin. They also demonstrated antimicrobial activity against five selected pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., and Enterococcus faecalis) and the production of exopolysaccharides. Isolates Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus S1F an... Read More

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Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) refers to diarrhea caused by gut microbiota disorders after the use of antibiotics, which seriously threatens the health of humans and animals. Therefore, it is necessary to find an effective therapy to treat AAD. This research aimed to explore the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum H-6 (L. plantarum H-6) and Weissella viridescens J-1 (W. viridescens J-1) on alleviating antibiotic-associated diarrhea induced by lincomycin hydrochloride (LH) in mice. The results show that L. plantarum H-6 could significantly reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-1 and IL-6 in colon tissue. At the same time, L. plantarum H-6 significantly increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and Akkermansia, decreased the abundance of Bacteroides, and increased the contents of L-tryptophan, LysoPC (20:4 (8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z)), reduced riboflavin, threoninylmethionine, and N-palmitoyl in serum. However, W. viridescens J-1 had little effect on the treatment of AAD. It can be concluded that L. plantarum H-6 can regulate mices colonic microbial composition, i... Read More

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Introduction. The work is devoted to evaluating the results of own studies on the possibility of using autostrains of lactobacilli isolated from wastewater and the intestinal biotope of patients, based on their antagonistic properties to prevent of nosocomial diarrhea associated with toxigenic Clostridioides difficile. There are presented results of studies on an animal model of antibiotic-associated diarrhea to determine the effectiveness of lactobacilli when eliminating toxigenic C. difficile.
 Materials and methods. Studies were conducted on the antagonistic activity of clinical cultures of lactobacilli isolated from wastewater and intestinal biotope of patients against toxigenic strains of C. difficile isolated from patients with nosocomial diarrhea. Preclinical tests of the efficacy of the selected highly antagonistically active strain of Lactobacillus paracasei CTR079 in vivo were carried out in an animal model of C. difficile-associated infection in mice of the C57BL line.
 Results. As a result of the studies, lactobacilli with high, medium, and without antagonistic ... Read More

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Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is a commoncomplication of antibiotic therapy, with Clostridiumdifficile infection (CDI) being a major cause of severeAAD. CDI is associated with high morbidity, mortality,and healthcare costs. The administration of probiotics isa promising strategy for the prevention of AAD and CDI,as they can create a favorable gut environment andalter the composition of the intestinal flora. Thissystematic review evaluated the use of probiotics inpreventing CDI in hospitalized adult patients. Thereview of 12 randomized controlled trials involving3,586 patients found that probiotics reduced theincidence of CDI in hospitalized adult patients by up to70%. Specifically, the probiotic strains Lactobacillusrhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces boulardii werefound to be effective in preventing CDI. However,further research is needed to establish optimal dosingregimens and to identify the most effective probioticstrains for CDI prevention. Nonetheless, the use ofprobiotics appears to be a promising strategy forreducing the incidence of CDI in hospitalized adultpatients receiv... Read More

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The use of milk matrices to carry probiotics is still the best alternative for the delivery of probiotics. Probiotics has demonstrated beneficial effects based on pathologies associated with the gastrointestinal tract, such as infectious diarrhea and diarrhea associated with the use of antibiotics, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, Helicobacter pylori infection, and lactose intolerance. Therefore, several studies have been developed with the application of probiotics in dairy products and evaluation of their survival, multiplication, resistance, and beneficial effects in vitro and in vivo . In this sense, this chapter will present the main updates on probiotics dairy products and their associated health benefits.

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Antibiotic-associated diarrhea is often managed by the withdrawal of the culprit antibiotics or the administration of alternative antibiotics when a Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is suspected, an infection that tends to be the most common causative agent of the disease. Probiotics are also gaining popularity as alternative therapies, and it was hypothesized in this article that a Lactobacillus strain is the most efficacious probiotic for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. This article conducted a literature review investigating the relative efficacy of the Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Saccharomyces probiotic strains as effective alternative therapies for antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The literature searched was from the PubMed database. The inclusion filters were: random control trials (RCTs), clinical trials, meta-analysis, last 10 years, full-text articles available in English, and all articles published in peer-reviewed journals. All three probiotic genera had strains that demonstrated significant efficacy in the prevention of antibiotic-associated ... Read More

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Introduction . In recent years, diarrheal syndrome is the most common clinically significant negative effect of the antibiotic therapy (ABT), which constitutes a first-priority medical and social problem. The prescription of any antibiotic for any duration of treatment may cause a potential risk of developing antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). In that regard, there is a need for the systematization of the main pathogenetic aspects of the deveopment of AAD and the rationale for the use of probiotics to prevent its development and treatment. Aim . To conduct a comparative evaluation of the efficacy, adherence and tolerability of a synbiotic Floriosa containing Bifidobacterium lactis Bl-04 , Lactobacillus acidophilus La-14 , Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lr-32 , inulin, B vitamins, and an eubiotic Bifiform containing Enterococcus faecium , Bifidobacterium longum for the prevention of the development of AAD during and after the use of ABT in inpatients. Materials and methods . A total of 60 patients, which was used for the ABT in the hospital settings, were included in the study: the 1 st g... Read More

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Probiotics are live microorganisms beneficial to health, which can be used as food supplements or added to foods such as yogurt and fermented milk.Probiotics are classified into different types, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species, and act in different ways, such as colonizing the gastrointestinal tract, modulating the intestinal microbiota and stimulating the immune system.Probiotics have been widely studied in relation to their use in the treatment of several syndromes, such as acute and chronic diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.In acute diarrhea, probiotics have been shown to be effective in reducing the duration of diarrhea and decreasing the number of bowel movements.In chronic diarrhea, probiotics have also shown positive effects in reducing symptoms and improving patients' quality of life.In irritable bowel syndrome, probiotics have been studied as a promising alternative to conventional treatment, due to their ability to modulate the intestinal microbiota and reduce inflammation.In celiac disease, probioti... Read More

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Background: Probiotics are routinely prescribed to boost gut health and reduce severity of diarrhea. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LrGG) and Saccharomyces boulardii as an adjunct treatment for acute diarrhea in Indian children aged 636 months. Methods: In this single-center, open label, comparative, randomized controlled study, children were randomized into three groups (n=35, each) and provided either low osmolarity oral rehydration solution (ORS) and zinc (20 mg/day) alone or ORS+Zinc supplemented with one of the two probiotic preparations, LrGG ATCC 53103 or S. boulardii CNCM 1-745. Children were monitored every 8 hours after admission and the duration of diarrhea and hospital stay, and stool frequency were evaluated. Results: Of the total 105 children enrolled in the study, majority were aged between 1324 months (40%). LrGG significantly reduced the mean duration of diarrhea by nearly 19 hours, when compared to the control group (p=0.003), while reduction by S. boulardii was not significant. The mean hospital stay duration fo... Read More

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Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is a common side effect during antibiotic treatment, which can cause dysbacteriosis of the gut microbiota. Previous studies have shown beneficial effects in AAD treatment with Bifidobacterium lactis XLTG11, Lactobacillus casei Zhang, Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8661, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9. However, no studies have been conducted on the immunomodulatory effects and protective intestinal barrier function of four complex probiotics. The aim of our study is to investigate the alleviation effects of complex probiotics on ampicillin-induced AAD.Thirty-six BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups: normal control group (NC), model control group (MC), low-, medium-, and high-dose probiotics groups (LD, MD, and HD), and positive drug (Bifico, 1 107 cfu) control group (PDC; Bifico, also known as Bifidobacterium Triple Live Capsule, is composed of Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Enterococcus faecalis). An AAD model was established by intragastric administration of ampicillin, by gavage of different doses of co... Read More

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The probiotic role of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in regulating intestinal microbiota to promote human health has been widely reported. However, the types and quantities of probiotics used in practice are still limited. Therefore, isolating and screening LAB with potential probiotic functions from various habitats has become a hot topic. In this study, 104 strains of LAB were isolated from and identified in traditionally fermented vegetables, fresh milk, healthy infant feces, and other environments. The antibacterial properties-resistance to acid, bile salts, and digestive enzymes-and adhesion ability of the strains were determined, and the biological safety of LAB with better performance was studied. Three LAB with good comprehensive performance were obtained. These bacteria had broad-spectrum antibacterial properties and good acid resistance and adhesion ability. They exhibited some tolerance to pig bile salt, pepsin, and trypsin and showed no hemolysis. They were sensitive to the selected antibiotics, which met the required characteristics and safety evaluation criteria for probiot... Read More

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Introduction: In recent years, the health-giving properties of probiotics have attracted the attention of many researchers. Probiotics are vital microorganisms that can play a useful role in improving human health if they are used consistently and adequately. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are the most common probiotic bacteria that are introduced as the normal flora of the body. Probiotics can have a beneficial effect on improving human health by inhibiting or reducing pathogenic microorganisms. They can play an effective role in the treatment and prevention of various diseases such as constipation, oral and dental diseases, cancer, diarrhea, Helicobacter pylori infection and similar diseases. The purpose of this study is to review probiotics and their impact on preventing and improving human health. Conclusion: Based on the studies, it can be concluded that the continous and sufficient consumption of probiotics can prevent and improve human diseases.

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Probiotics represent viable microorganisms which are found within the normal gut microbiota, that exert strain-specific benefits in the management of several gastrointestinal disorders in children, including acute gastroenteritis. This review aims to evaluate the pathogen-specific role of probiotic supplementation in childhood diarrhea. A search of scientific databases was conducted to identify studies which investigated efficacy of probiotics and synbiotics in influencing outcome of acute gastroenteritis of known etiology. We identified 32 studies, most of which analyzed impact of probiotic supplementation in rotavirus gastroenteritis, while a very limited number of these conducted a separate analysis on bacterial diarrhea. Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus), L. reuteri and S. boulardii still remain the most researched strains, with a proven role in decreasing diarrhea and hospitalization duration, especially in the setting of rotavirus infection. Combined products containing at least one of the aforementioned strains also performed similarly and might also influence rotavirus f... Read More

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Despite the fact that dietary supplements (DS) are not medicines, an increasing number of publications testify to the effectiveness of probiotics consumed with food in the complex treatment and prevention of a number of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the complex probiotic in the relief of diarrheal syndrome associated with intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in patients with IBS with diarrhea and AAD. Material and methods. The study included 54 patients (31 with IBS with diarrhea and 23 with idiopathic AAD) aged 18 to 50 years. All patients included in the study were prescribed 1 capsule (350 mg) of the DS Neobiotic Lactobalance per day for 21 days. One capsule contains: bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium longum CBT BG7, Bifidobacterium lactis CBT BL3 Bifidobacterium bifidum CBT BF3), lactobacilli (Lactobacillus acidophilus CBT LA1, Lactobacillus rhamnosus CBT LR5), lactic acid bacteria (Streptococcus thermophilus CBT ST3), fructooligosac... Read More

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Probiotics have been used for over a century to prevent and treat diseases. They can reduce the effects of gastroenteritis and are now used to treat acute diarrhea. This study aimed to evaluate the co-aggregative effects of probiotics bacteria against diarrheal causative bacteria. For this purpose, 11 isolates of probiotic bacteria were used in the current study, including three

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The article presents the findings of the research on the antagonistic properties of lactobacillus strains against conditionally pathogenic clinical isolates that cause intestinal inflammation. Conditionally pathogenic clinical isolates of colon (large intestine) and rectum (straight intestine) were isolated and identified to the described species level. From a variety of dairy products, 28 milk-fermenting lactobacilli were isolated, screened, and their probiotic probiotic properties were studied. From 28 isolates of isolated milk-fermenting bacteria, 7 strains were selected. The selected strains showed high antimicrobial activity against clinical and typical conditional pathogenic isolates causing intestinal inflammatory diseases (ulcerative colitis). For this reason, these strains can be recommended as a means of treatment and prevention of intestinal infections.

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<em>Lactobacillus rhamnosus </em>(Rh) and <em>L. reuteri</em> (Re) are well-known probiotic species in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) research. The variations between these species efficacy against colitis, and their model of action in this regard, are intriguing and enable treatment to be individually tailored to patients. In this study, four strains each of <strong>Rh</strong> and<strong> Re</strong> were isolated from faecal samples and their draft genomes were sequenced. The anti-colitis activities of both strains involved various aspects of intestinal immune, physical, chemical, and biological barrier function. Strikingly, the tested strains exhibited considerable interspecies and intraspecies specificity in colitis amelioration. Rh strains significantly outperformed Re strains in terms of short-chain fatty acid synthesis. Nevertheless, Re strains were more effective than Rh strains in inhibiting production of inflammatory factors; promoting production of intestinal mucus, antimicrobial peptides, and tight junction proteins; and supporting the stem cell compartment. This acco... Read More

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Context: Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. One of the most common indications for probiotic treatment is the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Unfortunately, many probiotic products used for AAD are not supported by rigorous independent research, and often results in non-evidence-based usage. Additionally, it is not clear when is the most appropriate time to take a probiotic when on an antibiotic course. Objectives: The primary aim is to determine the ability of BB-12 to impact antibiotic-induced reduction in short chain fatty acid concentration (SCFA), as reflected by the levels of acetate on day 14. Secondarily to determine the ability of BB-12 to impact antibiotic-induced disruption of the gut microbiota with 16S rDNA profiling, with the addition of the time variable of probiotic consumption. Study Design and Interventions: A five group randomized controlled trial, finished in December 2022, we are currently analyzing all the data, but will be finished much prior to NAPCRG. All par... Read More

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A pharmaceutical composition comprising a cocktail of bacterial isolates, wherein at least one of the bacterial isolates comprises a 16S rRNA sequence that is at least 95% identical to a 16S rRNA sequence of a bacterial isolate provided in Table 1.

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A synbiotics composition comprising a combination of probiotics, digestive enzymes, prebiotics, yeast, protein, and vitamin B complex, designed to promote gastrointestinal health and wellbeing by stabilizing the gut microbiome, enhancing digestive enzyme activity, and supporting immune function. The composition includes a blend of 2-7 strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium probiotics, along with digestive enzymes, prebiotics, yeast, soy protein, and a vitamin B complex, which work synergistically to maintain a healthy gut ecosystem and prevent gastrointestinal disorders.

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Probiotics and prebiotics have a variety of beneficial effects on the hosts health. Extensive studies have established probiotic strains such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and further the concept of next-generation probiotics has been advocated. Clinical trials and mechanism of action research have demonstrated that the gut microbiota and host health are inextricably linked, and that probiotics can benefit intestinal-related disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease by controlling the gut microbiota. Accordingly, the hosts gut microbiota has the greatest direct effect on the efficiency of probiotics and prebiotics. Due to the highly individualized gut microbiota, supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics must take the hosts gut microbiota into account. Personalized and specific interventions, as well as the development of next-generation probiotics, will be the new focus of research.

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Lactobacillus species are prominent inhabitants of the human gastrointestinal tract that contribute to maintaining a balanced microbial environment that positively influences host health. These bacterial populations can be altered through use of probiotic supplements or via dietary changes which in turn affect the host health. Utilizing polyphenolic compounds to selectively stimulate the growth of commensal bacteria can have a positive effect on the host through the production of numerous metabolites that are biologically active. Four Lactobacillus strains were grown in the presence of pomegranate (POM) extract. Two strains, namely, L. acidophilus NCFM and L. rhamnosus GG, are commonly used probiotics, while the other two strains, namely, L. crispatus NCK1351 and L. gasseri NCK1342, exhibit probiotic potential. To compare and contrast the impact of POM on the strains' metabolic capacity, we investigated the growth of the strains with and without the presence of POM and identified their carbohydrate utilization and enzyme activity profiles. To further investigate the differences betwe... Read More

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Background and objective Probiotics with documented efficacy such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG(LGG) and Saccharomyces boulardii might be utilized as adjuncts to rehydration for the management of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential role of LGG in acute diarrhea in the Indian pediatric population. Methods An observational, cross-sectional study [Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Evaluation in Acute Diarrhea (LEAD)] was conducted among children aged one month to 12 years with acute watery diarrhea. In addition to standard management of diarrhea, LGG was given as an adjuvant treatment at the discretion of treating physicians based on their routine practice. Observations were documented on days one, three, and five. Outcomes such as frequency and duration of diarrhea, time to change in consistency of stools, Bristol Stool Chart (BSC) reading, and global assessment by healthcare practitioners (HCPs) and patients were also recorded. Results Of the 2,080 patients enrolled, 1,900 completed the five-day follow-up. There was marked improvement ob... Read More

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In recent decades, probiotic bacteria have become increasingly popular as a result of mounting scientific evidence to indicate their beneficial role in modulating human health. Although there is strong evidence associating various Lactobacillus probiotics to various health benefits, further research is needed, in particular to determine the various mechanisms by which probiotics may exert these effects and indeed to gauge inter-individual value one can expect from consuming these products. One must take into consideration the differences in individual and combination strains, and conditions which create difficulty in making direct comparisons. The aim of this paper is to review the current understanding of the means by which Lactobacillus species stand to benefit our gastrointestinal health.

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Probiotics play a significant role in improving human health and are beneficial for the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, lactic acid bacteria were isolated from different dairy products collected from different locations of Rohtak and Hisar (Haryana). All these isolates were tested and selected based on their ability to resist low and high pH, ability to survive in the presence of bile salt concentration and their antagonistic activity against pathogenic bacteria. Investigation on probiotics study supported that they are beneficial to human beings and act as a barrier against pathogenic bacteria.

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Prevention of diarrhea needs an appropriate immune system supported by normal microbiota composition. This study aimed to determine whether probiotic or prebiotic enriched Growing-Up Milk could significantly reduce incidence of acute diarrhea. The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study was conducted in Surabaya, Gresik, and Sidoarjo cities, East JavaIndonesia, between July 2007 and January 2008. This study involved healthy children aged 15 years at day-care centers and were randomized to receive three different Growing-Up Milk containing probiotic, prebiotic, or placebo groups (containing neither probiotic nor prebiotic). The day-care staff and parents reported the amount of milk consumed, symptoms, and duration of acute diarrhea during the observation time. A total of 162 participants were divided into probiotic (55), prebiotic (54), and placebo groups (53). The incidence of diarrhea in all the participants was 1.2%, which was the least incidence from the prebiotic group and the highest in the placebo group and significantly different (P = 0.001). The mean dur... Read More

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Gastrointestinal (GI) health is important because a healthy gut can maintain our general health and protect our body from infection or illness. Apart from vitamins and minerals, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics have become increasingly famous as a supplement in our daily diet. Previously, a large number of studies had been performed to study the efficacy of probiotics in the prevention or treatment of illnesses. The purpose of our review is to discuss recent data on the benefits of probiotics in humans GI health. Promising results on the effect of probiotics in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, particularly ulcerative colitis and pouchitis have been obtained from studies. Other reports also showed that a few probiotics can improve symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome. Saccharomyces boulardii was shown to prevent travelers diarrhea but further studies are needed for firm conclusions. Lactobaccilus rhamnosus and S. boulardiiare recommended in the treatment of acute infectious diarrhea. There are promising indications that probiotics could be useful in the prevention ... Read More

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The common probiotics that exert beneficial effects to the host are Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium . They have been shown to reduce diseases such as diarrhea and respiratory tract infection, encouraging their application in preventing antibiotic-related infections. The rampant use of antibiotics increases resistance among pathogenic microbes. The concomitant use of probiotics and antibiotics has shown promising results in reducing antibiotic-associated infections. This contributes to better adherence to the antibiotic prescription and, therefore, reduces the evolution of resistance. What is unknown is the extent to which probiotics aid in decreasing the spread of antibiotic resistance, but maintaining a balanced microbiota through the administration of probiotics and probiotic-based foods and beverages will certainly reduce antibiotic-associated infections.

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Many lactic acid bacteria strains with probiotic properties have been used to produce functional foods and beverages, and the consumption of these products has increased. This chapter first discusses the main probiotic properties of this group of bacteria and their primary bioactive compounds. Second, we discuss the application of these microorganisms in fermentation, showing the leading commercial products and patents referring to the beneficial effects on the host health related to the consumption of these products. Finally, we present current studies on probiotic beverages used for the prevention or treatment of gastrointestinal tract diseases and possible mechanisms involved in the antiinflammatory processes.

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Probiotics have been formally defined as live microorganisms that confer a health benefit on the host when administered in adequate amounts. Although a range of applications has been explored for probiotics, their utility in antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is both biologically plausible and supported by abundant clinical evidence. However, the strength of evidence underlying the efficacy of specific strains and formulations for AAD varies widely. This review leverages recent meta-analyses and systematic reviews to clarify some outstanding issues on the utility of probiotics for AAD, including which strains have evidence for efficacy in AAD, what doses have been demonstrated to be effective, and the optimal duration of probiotic therapy, and provides practical guidance on how to select an appropriate product. Some trends emerged in this analysis of recent meta-analyses and systematic reviews, including: 1) Certain probiotics, such as Saccharomyces boulardii and some Lactobacilli-containing products, are consistently found to be effective for the management of AAD; 2) Dosing thr... Read More

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On November 10, 2021, an online meeting of the expert council was held on the conference platform of the First Medical Channel. The subject was Diarrhea differential diagnosis depending on its pathogenesis in pediatric practice, the role of probiotic medications in its treatment. Leading Russian experts in the field of clinical pharmacology, gastroenterology, pediatrics, infectious diseases, and allergology-immunology took part in this meeting. As a result of the meeting, the main principles of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diarrhea in children were formulated, and an algorithm for using probiotics to treat diarrhea in children was developed. Conclusion. It is preferable to prescribe medicinal probiotics (with registration status) than a dietary supplement containing probiotic bacteria. Medicinal products containing a combination of strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12, vitamins B1 and B6, which are approved for use in pediatric practice, are recommended for administration in diarrhea and in suspected antibiotic-associated... Read More

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Probiotics and their products are the classic way to treat and prevent gastrointestinal diseases. In this study, the authors designed new combinations and doses of probiotic beverages for antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Group S1 was different from the other groups, including Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001, Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and Bifidobacterium lactis BI-07. Its inulin content was higher than those of the other groups. Mice were induced with a 16-day administration of triple antibiotics in advance for 2 weeks prior to antibiotic treatment. In the experiment, the treatment group returned to normal more quickly than the placebo group. In group S1, the relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes and genus Lactobacillus increased, and the structure of the microbiota was the closest to normal among all groups. In conclusion, the combinations of probiotic beverages effectively caused structural recovery of the gut and fecal microbiota against antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and the S1 formula showed the best efficacy.

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