Research on Bacillus Coagulans for Gut Health: Shelf-Stable Probiotic

Oral nutritional composition for improving digestive health and reducing inflammation in humans. The composition contains specific amounts of gold kiwifruit powder, heat-treated Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus coagulans. Administering these ingredients orally can reduce constipation, improve cholesterol levels, reduce bacterial vaginosis symptoms, lower inflammation from gingivitis, prevent hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis, and boost immune response.

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A probiotic strain of Bacillus coagulans, specifically Bacillus coagulans CGI314, that exhibits enhanced adherence to mucosal surfaces and exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against various pathogens. The strain demonstrates superior adherence capabilities compared to other Bacillus strains, particularly against opportunistic pathogens, while maintaining robust antimicrobial activity against established pathogens. This strain's unique combination of mucosal adhesion and antimicrobial properties makes it particularly effective against vaginal infections, urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal diseases, and other conditions.

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Probiotics play diverse roles in promoting health and well-being, encompassing gut microbiota balance, digestive health, immune function, gut barrier integrity, metabolic health, and mental well-being. With the beneficial effects of probiotics, individuals may improve their gastrointestinal health, boost immune function, and reduce the risk of various diseases. These probiotics compete with pathogens and support gut and immune homeostasis to help in the prevention and cure of gastrointestinal disease, immune disorders, diabetes, obesity, cancer and allergic disorders, etc. Probiotic-rich foods and supplements into the diet offer a proactive approach to maintaining overall health and optimizing the functioning of the gut. Probiotics help to maintain immune homeostasis and decrease the risk of inflammatory disorders and allergic conditions. Several probiotic strains are available on the market and are being consumed in the form of foods, supplements, or drugs for health benefits. Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria, and Bacillus species are common probiotic strains.

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The gastrointestinal tracts are hosts to a wide variety of microorganisms known as intestinal microbiota. This gut microbiome may get disrupted that will influence the human health. Probiotics can restore the balance of gut microbiota by changing its composition and promoting its stability. Objective: This review aims to compile the role of probiotics in maintaining gastrointestinal health based on evidence-based through the modulation of the human gut microbiome. Method: This article is structured based on a literature review method by collecting and reviewing papers published in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Springer, and Google Scholar. Results: The administration of probiotics have successfully shown evidenced beneficial health effects to prevent or treat for several main these several diseases including diarrhea, lactose intolerance and intestinal bowel diseases. Conclusion: Probiotics have been demonstrated to play key functions in the digestive system and to considerably reduce the symptoms of a variety of illnesses.

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Multi-biotic dietary supplements that combine a postbiotic or postbiotic precursor, a probiotic blend, and a prebiotic blend in a single dose. The supplements can be formulated with an inner capsule containing the probiotic and prebiotic blend, and an outer capsule containing the postbiotic or postbiotic precursor. The inner and outer capsules can have different dissolution or degradation rates to optimize delivery of each component to the gastrointestinal tract. The supplements can be designed to improve gut health, digestive health, and immune health by providing a synergistic combination of postbiotics, probiotics, and prebiotics.

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Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts. This review provides an introduction to the current probiotics field, including their isolation and engineering, some common genera, their actions, and their applications in industry and public. We discuss the source of isolation and techniques in engineering probiotics, their role in modulating gut health, evidences of their application in treating gastrointestinal disorders, and slightly covers their application outside of human. We also discussed their actions on gut microbiota, epithelial environment, and human gut-brain axis. Finally, we address the limitation of current probiotic products and their application, and brings up the future research directions in this field. The purpose of this paper is to provide an introductory review on the current probiotic field.

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Microbial consortium comprising two or more microorganisms capable of modulating physiological processes in the host, including gut-brain axis, enteric nervous system, and metabolic pathways. The microorganisms produce specific metabolites, such as GABA, that modulate host physiological processes, including serotonin levels, gut barrier function, and inflammatory response. The consortium can be used to treat functional gastrointestinal disorders by enhancing gut health, reducing inflammation, and modulating neurotransmitter activity.

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In the industrialized world, functional foods have become a part of an everyday diet and are demonstrated to offer potential health benefits beyond the widely accepted nutritional effects. Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits when administered to the host in adequate amounts. Probiotics have been emerging as a safe and viable alternative to antibiotics in human health, besides improved immunomodulation and nutrient digestibility; in feeds, probiotics have shown drastic reductions of gastrointestinal tract invading pathogens. Dairy products can be a valuable source of value-added foods, especially when combined with a healthy diet. These probiotic dairy foods enhance the host's oral cavity and gut flora, stimulate the growth and catabolism of health-promoting bacteria, and improve the microbial balance in the gut microbiota.

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Probiotics, which are living microorganisms that provide positive effects on health when ingested in sufficient quantities, have garnered substantial interest within the food sector as a promising means of enhancing food quality. Probiotics offer a range of beneficial effects when incorporated into food products. One of the primary benefits is their ability to improve gastrointestinal health by promoting a balanced gut microbiota. They possess the ability to influence the makeup and behavior of gut microorganisms, a pivotal factor in upholding digestive wellness and overall health. Such influence can lead to better digestion, heightened nutrient assimilation, and fortified immune capabilities. Apart from their positive effects on gut health, probiotics display antimicrobial attributes that can hinder the proliferation of detrimental bacteria and pathogens present in food. This capacity to manage microbial populations holds special significance in the realm of food safety and preservation. Probiotics can also enhance the bioavailability of certain nutrients, such as minerals, by break... Read More

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The role of probiotics in regulating intestinal flora to enhance host immunity has recently received widespread attention. Altering the human gut microbiota may increase the predisposition to several disease phenotypes such as gut inflammation and metabolic disorders. The intestinal microbiota converts dietary nutrients into metabolites that serve as biologically active molecules in modulating regulatory functions in the host. Probiotics, which are active microorganisms, play a versatile role in restoring the composition of the gut microbiota, helping to improve host immunity and prevent intestinal disease phenotypes. This comprehensive review provides firsthand information on the gut microbiota and their influence on human health, the dietary effects of diet on the gut microbiota, and how probiotics alter the composition and function of the human gut microbiota, along with their corresponding effects on host immunity in building a healthy intestine. We also discuss the implications of probiotics in some of the most important human diseases. In summary, probiotics play a significant ... Read More

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Probiotic compositions and methods for improving animal and human health through the administration of Bacillus strains that enhance digestive function, immune system modulation, and antimicrobial activity. The compositions comprise isolated Bacillus strains with specific identifying characteristics, such as BC1, BC2, BC3, BC4, BC5, BC6, BC7, BC8, and BC9, which possess unique enzymatic and antimicrobial properties. These strains can be used in animal feed or drinking water to promote gut health and immune function, while also exhibiting enhanced antimicrobial activity against pathogens. The compositions can be formulated as feed additives, probiotics, or drinking water supplements to support animal and human health through improved digestive function, immune system modulation, and antimicrobial activity.

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As our understanding of the intricate interaction between gut bacteria and human health continues to expand, so too has interest in the ability of probiotics to manage gut microbiota and confer multiple health benefits to the host. The mini literature review focuses on the expanding potential of the use of probiotics in GI health, with a focus on probiotics' potential therapeutic advantages in a variety of gastrointestinal (GI) illnesses. Probiotics play a significant role in managing diarrhea and symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) by modulating gut microbial communities. Specific probiotic strains have been found to reduce the abundance of harmful bacteria, regulate inflammatory markers like interleukin 6, and improve GI symptoms such as abdominal discomfort and stool consistency. Additionally, probiotic blends have shown potential for preventing GI infections and alleviating GI pain in IBS-D patients. Studies have demonstrated that certain multi-strain probiotics, including Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species, can significantly increase the frequency o... Read More

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Disorders of gut health can impact a variety of health problems, including the digestive system, immunity, and even mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of probiotics and synbiotics as potential biotics in nutrition to improve gut health. This study used qualitative research methods. The data collection technique for this is literature study. The data that has been collected is then analyzed in three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The research results show that probiotics and synbiotics are potential biotics in nutrition that can improve intestinal health. Probiotics and synbiotics can help modulate the composition of the body's beneficial microbiota. In addition, it can help reduce levels of pathogenic bacteria and help reduce persistent inflation of the intestines, which can improve the balance of the body's beneficial microbiota

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Consumers are now looking for food products that offer health benefits beyond essential nutrition in the age of the rapidly expanding population and changing lifestyle. Incorporating probiotics into various food items has led to the popularization of a novel category of functional foods known as 'probiotic products. A new class of functional foods called "probiotic products" has gained popularity due to the integration of probiotics into various dietary items. Probiotics are live microbial feed supplements that help the host's intestinal microbial equilibrium, which positively affects the host. This chapter highlights the role of probiotics in boosting gut health, enhancing digestion, managing diverse health issues like diarrhea, lactose intolerance, allergies, and supporting immune function. This chapter covers probiotic topics, such as their taxonomy, history, advantages, and possible uses in human health.

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Gut microbes form complex networks that significantly influence host health and disease treatment. Interventions with the probiotic bacteria on the gut microbiota have been demonstrated to improve host well-being. As a representative of next-generation probiotics,

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Abstract: This study explores the potential of using probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that produce bacteriocins as a novel approach to controlling gut microbiota dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis, characterized by an imbalance in the composition of the gut microbiota, is implicated in various health disorders. Probiotic LAB have gained attention for their ability to promote a balanced gut microbiota. Bacteriocin-producing LAB offer an added advantage by inhibiting pathogenic bacteria and promoting the growth of beneficial microbes. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the mechanisms of probiotic LAB and their bacteriocins in modulating gut microbiota composition. Additionally, key clinical studies and potential applications of bacteriocin-producing LAB in mitigating gut dysbiosis are discussed.

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Bacillus subtilis has been used for more than 50 years in many different industrial applications, including farming, precision fermentation, and probiotic supplements. It is particularly attractive as a probiotic because of its ability to form shelf-stable, acid-resistant spores that lend to diverse applications in the food system. B. subtilis is the most ubiquitous species of the genus and can be isolated from a broad variety of environments including animal and human gastrointestinal (GI) tracts. This is a comprehensive review of human intervention studies utilizing B. subtilis as a probiotic for supporting gastrointestinal health, as well as the reported impacts of B. subtilis use on the human gut microbiota and other biomarkers of health. It briefly covers the fate of ingested spores in the GI tract, summarizes the observed effects of different probiotic B. subtilis strains, and offers a perspective for the continued and future uses of B. subtilis in human applications.

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The objective of this Special Issue entitled Role of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Gut Symbiosis is to publish reviews, clinical trials and experimental studies that focus on probiotics and prebiotics that have a role in influencing disease and promoting gastrointestinal and overall health [...]

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Although probiotics have been used in food products and supplements for decades, there has been a considerable increase in their use more recently. Recent technological advances have thus led to major advances in knowledge of the gut microbiota, enabling a significant development of biotics. In this review, we discuss the uses of traditional probiotics but also the discovery of next-generation probiotics that could be used as live biotherapeutics. These novel preventive and therapeutic strategies hold promise for the treatment of numerous diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis. Probiotic bacteria can be consumed alone, or in combination with prebiotics as synbiotics, or mixed with other probiotic strains to form a consortium for enhanced effects. We also discuss the benefits of using postbiotics.

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Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics have all been studied with growing interest in recent decades for their health-enhancing attributes. Probiotics have been advocated as a cost-effective and secure alternative as well as an adjunct for the management of several chronic disorders and to improve overall health. They have demonstrated the ability to modulate and rehabilitate the already existing gut microflora and enhance the immunity of the host, thereby protecting against several illnesses. Bifidobacterium, Lactobacilli, Saccharomyces boulardii, and Bacillus coagulans are some of the most frequently used probiotic strains. Prebiotics, on the other hand, are the most widely used fibers that specifically support the growth of probiotics and enhance human health through nutrient enrichment, modification of gut microbiota, and immune system. Prebiotics include FOS, GOS, and Inulin. When prebiotics are combined with probiotics, they are referred to as "synbiotics," and they have the ability to boost the viability of the probiotics. This chapter highlights the function of probiotics and... Read More

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The interplay between gut microbiota and host health has attracted significant interest in the animal science community. Maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis by supplementing probiotics to treat clinical conditions like calf diarrhea is an emerging area of research nowadays because of increased concerns regarding antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and drug residues in animal products. Probiotics reduce the incidence of calf diarrhea by increasing the gut microbiota diversity and richness with more commensal bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium that produce antimicrobial compounds, as well as modulating the immune response by increasing cytokines, Interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and reducing tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), by increasing production of antibodies, especially immunoglobulin E (IgE), also IgG, differentiating nave Th lymphocytes (Tho) into Th1, hence stimulate innate immunity and prime the adaptive immune response. Specific probiotic strains of bacteria and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) derived probiotics maintain the integrity of the intestinal ... Read More

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Combination of vitamin C and Bacillus coagulans (strain BC30) for improving gut health by increasing beneficial bacteria like Tannerellaceae and Parabacteroides distasonis in the large intestine. The combination is for simultaneous or sequential administration, preferably delayed-release to target the colon. It can be used to treat conditions like ulcerative colitis, multiple sclerosis, obesity, diabetes, colorectal cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease by increasing these beneficial bacteria. The delayed-release formulation protects the vitamin and probiotic from stomach acid and delivers them to the colon.

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Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) formulation for enhancing gut health by selectively promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria Bacillus coagulans in the large intestine. The formulation, which can be administered orally in a delayed-release form, delivers vitamin B2 directly to the colon where it stimulates the proliferation of Bacillus coagulans, a strain known for its beneficial effects on digestive health and immune function.

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Vitamin B1 (thiamin) formulation for enhancing gut health by increasing adhesion of beneficial bacteria Bacillus coagulans in the large intestine. The formulation, which can be administered orally in a delayed-release form, delivers vitamin B1 directly to the colon where it enhances the adhesion of Bacillus coagulans, promoting its colonization and proliferation. This approach addresses gut health imbalances associated with various diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome, functional intestinal gas symptoms, and respiratory infections.

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Combination of vitamin C, vitamin B2, and Bacillus coagulans probiotic for improving gut health by increasing beneficial bacteria like Firmicutes, Lachnospiraceae, and Anaerostipes in the large intestine. The vitamin and probiotic can be administered simultaneously or sequentially. Delayed-release formulations can target the large intestine. The combination is useful for treating conditions like ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, chronic kidney disease, and irritable bowel syndrome.

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Probiotics have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their potential health benefits and their role in promoting a balanced gut microbiome [...]

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Probiotics is defined as living microorganisms, ingested on purpose to alter the microflora of gastrointestinal tract, are beneficial for living beings. Additionally, prebiotics is a substrate utilised by host microorganisms for health benefits. With the inevitable role of microbiota in gut modulation and other beneficial impacts on gastrointestinal tract, this chapter provides up-to-date knowledge on the background of pro- and prebiotics, their functions, different types and health benefits, their role in human health, and diet impact on gut microbiota. It discusses the role of probiotics and prebiotics in gut immunomodulation, neuroimmunology, and their effects on the immune system. The human gut contains many beneficial bacterial strains that may be used as probiotics. These probiotic strains may be used to prepare different types of cost-effective dairy and non-dairy food items. Gut immunity is impacted by a plethora of factors, including commensal bacteria and dietary components.

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This review explores the functional importance and underlying mechanisms of probiotic components, their impact on gutimmune homeostasis, and their potential applications in promoting human health.

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Probiotics are compounds that are finding increased relevance and markets in the health in- dustry.Bacteria, archaea, viruses, and eukaryotic organisms live in and on our bodies, making up the human microbiome. These bacteria have enormous potential to influence human physiology in both good and bad health. They support metabolic functions, protect against infections, train the immune system, and influence most of our physiologic functions directly or indirectly through these basic roles. Continued research into the roles of the microbiome and the mechanisms under- pinning host-microbe interactions will help researchers better comprehend the microbiomes role in health and disease. This paper focusses upon the variant nature of the human gut microbiota, its expressions and roles in different diseases. It also devels into the applications, upliftment and effects caused by probiotics on the same. Finally we explore the relevance of these biota to the probiotics markets.

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A combination of two probiotic strains, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei S38 and Bacillus coagulans BC198, that effectively improve body compositions by aiding weight loss and reducing body fat. The strains, isolated from human feces and green malt, respectively, have synergistic effects when administered together at lower doses compared to individually. This combination helps inhibit lipogenesis, reduce appetite, increase butyric acid production, and promote beneficial gut bacteria like Akkermansia muciniphila and Ruminococcaceae. It can be used as a probiotic supplement, food, or medication to aid weight loss and body composition improvement.

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The gut microbes interact with each other as well as host, influencing human health and some diseases. Many gut commensals and food originated bacteria produce bacteriocins which can inhibit pathogens and modulate gut microbiota. Bacteriocins have comparable narrow antimicrobial spectrum and are attractive potentials for precision therapy of gut disorders. In this review, the bacteriocins from food and gut microbiomes and their involvement in the interaction between producers and gut ecosystem, along with their characteristics, types, biosynthesis, and functions are described and discussed. Bacteriocins are produced by many intestinal commensals and food microbes among which lactic acid bacteria (many are probiotics) has been paid more attention. Bacteriocin production has been generally regarded as a probiotic trait. They give a competitive advantage to bacteria, enabling their colonization in human gut, and mediating the interaction between the producers and host ecosystem. They fight against unwanted bacteria and pathogens without significant impact on the composition of commensal... Read More

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A composition for treating dysbiosis-related conditions comprising two purified bacterial populations: a long-term engrafting population and a transient engrafting population. The long-term population includes bacteria with specific 16S rDNA sequences, while the transient population includes bacteria with specific functional features such as anti-inflammatory activity, bile acid production, and epithelial integrity restoration. The composition is designed to provide a consistent and stable product for treating conditions like inflammatory bowel disease and cancer.

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This Special Issue of the journal <em>Microorganisms</em> highlights recent publications on the importance of the antimicrobial effect of probiotics. Current research is focused on finding novel or next-generation probiotic strains with antimicrobial properties that can efficiently modulate the ecological taxa composition and functionality of the human microbiota in the gut and beyond. Overall, this Special Issue has brought together new studies on the antimicrobial effects of various novel probiotics from the Weissella, Bacillus, Leuconostoc and Levilactobacillus genera, as well as well-known probiotic food supplements. It also highlights successful applications of probiotics for different infectious diseases including rotaviral gastrointestinal infections, wound infections and even COVID-19.

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Probiotics are alive and beneficial microorganisms that affect the bodys microbial flora when consumed by humans or animals and have beneficial effects on the health of the host. Nowadays, probiotics are considered a factor in the prevention of many infectious diseases and cancers. Given the particular importance of probiotics, this study aimed to narratively review previous studies on the mode of action of probiotics and the beneficial effects of probiotics on enhancing intestinal immune responses. Articles on this topic were searched in Google Scholar, Springer, Science Direct, and Clinical Trial databases, and systematic review articles examining the effects of probiotics on the function of the intestinal immune response were included in the study. The results of the research showed that probiotics can boost the bodys immune system, break down food due to their ability to produce enzymes, lower the pH of the environment, and secrete bacteriocins. Furthermore, the effect of probiotics on the modulation mechanisms of the innate defense responses of the intestinal epithelium, inclu... Read More

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When used in adequate amounts, Probiotics are considered to beneficially affect host health in many respects. Bacillus coagulans, with its probiotic characteristics, has recently attracted the attention of many researchers and food manufacturers due to its high tolerance in extreme environments because of its spore-forming nature. Several beneficial effects of B. coagulans have been estimated as it exhibits properties of both the genera Bacillus as well as Lactobacillus. Recent literature has proven that B. coagulans has therapeutic effects on intestinal diseases including acute diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, antibiotic-related diarrhea, constipation, and colitis via modulation of the microbial composition, host immunity, and general metabolism. Due to the evidence supporting various probiotic effects of B. coagulans, the administration of many B. coagulans strains has been studied in the prevention and management of several oral diseases and conditions. The current review summarizes the probiotic characteristics and clinical, microbiological changes associated with the applicat... Read More

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Abstract The gut microbiota and its homeostasis play a crucial role in human health. However, for some diseases related to the gut microbiota, current traditional medicines can only relieve symptoms, and it is difficult to solve the root causes or even cause side effects like disturbances in the gut microbiota. Increasing clinical studies and evidences have demonstrated that probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics can prevent and treat various diseases, but currently they can only be used as dietary supplements rather than medicines, which restricts the application of probiotics in the field of medicine. Here, this review analyzes the importance of gut microbiota in human health and the current problems of traditional medicines, and systematically summarizes the effectiveness and mechanisms of probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics in maintaining health and treating diseases based on animal models and clinical trials. And based on current research outcomes and development trends in this field, the challenges and prospects of their clinical application in maintaining health, alleviat... Read More

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The human gut hosts complex microbial communities, which are linked to health and disease. The gut microbiota is continuously reshaped by multiple environmental factors, especially diet. Gut dysbiosis may promote various metabolic, neurological, intestinal, and cardiovascular diseases, and even tumor development. Probiotics have shown promising prophylactic, mitigating, or even curative effects when use as nutrient supplements or adjunctive therapy. These beneficial and/or symptom alleviation effects are often accompanied by gut microbiome and metabolome changes. Differing from other published review articles, here we summarized the latest knowledge of evidence-based health-promoting effects of probiotics by scouring literature of recent animal and human probiotic intervention studies. To elucidate the beneficial mechanisms of probiotics in enhancing intestinal homeostasis, intestinal barrier function, host immunity, and through modulating the gut microbiome and its metabolites. Meanwhile, we also discussed challenges in data analysis in clinical research of probiotics and data compa... Read More

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<i>Weizmannia coagulans</i> (formerly <i>Bacillus coagulans</i>) is a spore-forming and lactic acid-producing bacterium. It has recently attracted much attention from researchers and food manufacturers due to its probiotic functions and stability in processing and storage. <i>W. coagulans</i> is capable of improving gut health through the regulation of gut microbiota, modulation of immunity, and improving digestibility and metabolism. Spores, germinated cells and metabolites of <i>W. coagulans</i> modulate the gut micro-environment and further affect other organs. <i>W. coagulans</i> is an environment-friendly probiotic since it can contribute to the host by reconstructing the balance of gut microbiota and only temporarily resides in the intestine after administration. <i>W. coagulans</i> has been generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), thus it is an ideal probiotic for improving gut health. The merit of its stability in processing and storage provides <i>W. coagulans</i> spores many possibilities for its use in various types of functional fo... Read More

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An increasing number of studies have widely recognized that the gut mycobiota and bacteriophages are closely related to human health and disease, although little is known about the responses of fungi and phages that are induced by probiotics. In this study, based on published longitudinal cohorts, a meta-analysis of intestinal fungi and bacteriophages after probiotic consumption was performed. On the fungi, our results showed that probiotics had an effect size on the composition of intestinal fungi, and the strain specificity of probiotics were the most important influencing factors. In terms of phage, probiotics regulated the gut microbiome, which led to elevation and diminishment of multiple phages in the gut, although dramatic changes did not occur in the diversity and structure of intestinal bacteriophages after intervention with probiotics. Our study extended the understanding of the effects of probiotics on intestinal fungi and bacteriophages.

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Numerous studies have been advanced to establish a link between gut health and immunological function and to explain how probiotics, prebiotics, nutraceuticals affect the gut microbiota and immune function. A probiotic must possess favourable technical features, be able to live in the upper gastrointestinal system, and operate in the gut environment in order to enhance human health.

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The health benefits proclaimed by probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics have been the subject of extensive research for the last few decades. Researchers focused on searching the role of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics that help in maintaining gastrointestinal tract health. Many studies stated that probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics supplementation is beneficial in maintaining optimal microflora in the gut that ultimately helps in the prevention of numerous diseases associated with nutritional health. This review article portrays various roles played by probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in maintaining the beneficial microbiota of the human gut.

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Bacteria in the human gut play a significant role in the host's metabolic functions. These bacteria's metabolites have an impact on the host's physiology and health. The gut flora is subjected to a multitude of environmental factors, including way of life, strain, antibiotics, host genetics, and diseases. When a disease pathogenesis occurs, the intestinal microbial composition changes which results in a diseased state. This stage is caused by bacterial pathogen colonization in the intestinal environment. Probiotic strains can be injected into the intestinal environment to treat the pathological condition. Medicinal compounds produced by probiotic strains include amino acids, vitamins, bacteriocins, enzymes, immunomodulatory compounds, and Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs). This review describes latest proofs of the effect of bioactive components produced by probiotic bacteria on food and host wellbeing while having no impact on good bacteria sharing the same niche.

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Emerging research has revealed that the gut microbiome contributes to several human diseases, therefore development of effective gut microbiome modulators such as probiotics, prebiotics and their combination (synbiotics) is critically needed. In this chapter, we summarize the definitions of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics and evidence of their effects on host health and specific disease processes in humans. We describe the role of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic supplementation in specific intra-intestinal and extra-intestinal illnesses including: inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, antibiotic associated diarrhea, Clostridium difficile colitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, type 2 diabetes, Helicobacter pylori gastritis and hepatic encephalopathy. The illnesses selected for review were based on the availability of robust data regarding usage of these bioactive supplements under appropriate clinical conditions. We primarily reviewed the relationship between the composition of the gut microbiome, host health, and disease pathology.

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Therapeutic compositions for treating dysbiosis, comprising isolated bacteria that inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and methods for preparing these compositions. The compositions comprise at least one isolated bacterium, preferably a spore-forming bacterium, that is antagonistic towards an intestinal bacterium, inhibits its growth, or neutralizes its toxin. The compositions can be used to treat various forms of dysbiosis, including those associated with enteric bacterial infections, inflammatory bowel disease, and metabolic disorders.

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Most of our gut microbiota live with us in a mutually beneficial life-long relationship. The gut microbiota plays a vital role in the hosts overall health through its metabolic activities. Human microbiota might be supported by consuming friendly bacteria (probiotics) and consuming foods to improve the microbiota (prebiotics). During the last two decades, probiotics interest has increased with rising scientific shreds of evidence of benefits on human health. Hence, they have been exploited as various food products, mainly fermented foods. Probiotics as a treatment modality may restore normal microbiota and functioning of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Strong scientific evidence is associating these bacteria with the prevention and therapy of various GI disorders. (In light of the ongoing trend of probiotics, further research is needed to obtain the perspective of potential applications for better health. Probiotic applications have been extended from health applications to food and agricultural applications. The benefits of probiotics led to its applications in probiotic health ... Read More

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An agent for improving intestinal flora that selectively increases beneficial bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium through the use of a specific protease enzyme. The protease is characterized by a unique amino acid sequence that enhances the growth of beneficial bacteria while inhibiting pathogenic bacteria. The agent can be administered orally in various forms, including food, drinks, and pharmaceuticals, to promote a healthy gut microbiome.

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Probiotics are included in the group of health promoting functional foods that promotes good gut health through the supply of essential metabolites with therapeutic characteristics. Promoting a healthy digestive tract and a healthy immune system are their most widely studied benefits of late. A series of food and pharmaceutical products have drawn the attention and interest of consumers due to their exclusive health benefits. Therefore, food-based probiotics are gaining popularity in the recent years, even though there is an increase in commercially available probiotic supplements. Probiotics can be naturally found in some food groups, whereas, the other food groups can act as a vehicle for probiotics. One of the most abundant sources of probiotics is the group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which plays an important role in preventing intestinal problems. Under certain stress conditions, intestinal microbiota may be altered manifesting in gut disorders. Probiotic bacteria stimulate the growth of indigenous beneficial gut microbiota by inhibiting the growth of opportunistic pathogenic... Read More

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The human gut is an intensively colonized organ containing microorganisms that can be health-promoting or pathogenic. This feature led to the development of functional foods aiming to fortify the former category at the expense of the latter. Since long, cultured products, including probiotics fortification, have been used for humans as live microbial feed additions. This review presents some of the microbes used as probiotics and discusses how supplementation with probiotics may help initiate and/or restore eubiotic composition of gut microbiota. Additionally, it considers safety and regulatory aspects of probiotics.

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Gut health refers to a number of physiological, microbiological, and physical functions that work together to maintain intestinal homeostasis. The gut provides a platform for the growth of a diverse microbiota that not only provides a barrier against colonization by pathogens but also regulates immune development and maturation and provides metabolites for host well-being. Disruption of the balance of gut microbiota is one of the major etiological factors associated with several gastrointestinal and infectious diseases, metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes, and inflammatory disease. Probiotics are live microbial supplements that beneficially affect the host by improving its intestinal microbial balance. This chapter summarizes the evidence available in literature for the beneficial effect of probiotics in modulating gut microbiota in favor of beneficial microbiota and then promoting host health. Considering the results of several investigations, probiotic consumption can affect the gut microbiota and gut barrier integrity, so the diseased state, caused due to gut microbio... Read More

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