Lactobacillus Casei: Double Blind Placebo Effect for Gut Health

The genus Lactobacillus is a heterogeneous group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with important implications in biotechnology. It is a predominant microorganism in the world of gastrointestinal health, but various other uses are being explored. They have long been considered in the generally recognized as safe (GRAS) category by the Food and Drug Authority (FDA). They have been extensively used in fermentation and there is growing interest regarding their use in gut health, vaccine production, and biomedical innovation. This chapter highlights the application of lactobacilli in healthcare.

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A method for screening personalized probiotics, prebiotics, foods, health functional foods, and drugs using fecal samples and a proprietary medium composition. The method involves treating fecal samples with candidate materials, culturing, and analyzing the resulting microbiota and metabolites to identify effective personalized microbiota-improving agents. The composition includes L-cysteine, sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, potassium chloride, and hemin, which are combined with fecal samples to create a controlled in vitro environment that mimics the human gut. The method enables rapid screening of personalized microbiota-improving agents using fecal samples and special media, and can be used to diagnose diseases caused by intestinal disorders.

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Probiotics, particularly those native to the gut microbiota, have a profound influence on the gut environment. In this study, we conducted a randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group comparison trial to investigate the effects of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 (B. longum BB536) on the fecal microbiota and metabolite compositions in healthy individuals. We compared the effects of fermented milk produced solely with Streptococcus thermophiles and Lactobacillus bulgaricus (placebo group) and fermented milk supplemented with B. longum BB536 (BY group). Our findings revealed a significantly greater relative abundance of Faecalibacterium in the BY group than in the placebo group by the 3rd day, a trend that persisted until the end of the trial on the 17th day. Additionally, the BY group presented significantly increased concentrations of tryptophan (Trp), Indole-3-lactic acid, and Indole-3-aldehyde on the 17th day. A significant positive correlation was observed between the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and the number of viable B. longum BB536 bacteria in the feces... Read More

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Probiotics, such as

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Abstract The gut microbiota harbors a complex ecosystem of bacteria that govern host health homeostasis. Alterations to the intestinal environment, known as gut dysbiosis, is associated with several diseases. Targeting the gut with microbiome-engineered therapeutics, such as probiotics, is a promising approach to restore microbial homeostasis and host health. Probiotics can effectively improve the gut environment, although strain-specific mechanisms remain largely unknown. Thus, this study aims to identify beneficial action of select probiotics to modulate the gut environment through antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. To this end, we tested the interaction among three probiotic strains Lactobacillus gasseri A237 (LgA237), Lactobacillus plan-tarum WCFS1 (LpWCFS1) and Lactobacillus fermentum NCIMB 5221 (Lf5221) and a human intestinal epithelial cell line, HT-29, for adhesion properties, radical scavenging abilities and anti-inflammatory activities. All three probiotics adhere well to HT-29 cells, indicating proper gut colonization. LpWCFS1 demonstrated the greatest adh... Read More

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Probiotics play diverse roles in promoting health and well-being, encompassing gut microbiota balance, digestive health, immune function, gut barrier integrity, metabolic health, and mental well-being. With the beneficial effects of probiotics, individuals may improve their gastrointestinal health, boost immune function, and reduce the risk of various diseases. These probiotics compete with pathogens and support gut and immune homeostasis to help in the prevention and cure of gastrointestinal disease, immune disorders, diabetes, obesity, cancer and allergic disorders, etc. Probiotic-rich foods and supplements into the diet offer a proactive approach to maintaining overall health and optimizing the functioning of the gut. Probiotics help to maintain immune homeostasis and decrease the risk of inflammatory disorders and allergic conditions. Several probiotic strains are available on the market and are being consumed in the form of foods, supplements, or drugs for health benefits. Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria, and Bacillus species are common probiotic strains.

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Probiotics have shown potential in managing hypercholesterolemia and related metabolic conditions. This study evaluated the effects of Lactocaseibacillus (Lactobacillus) paracasei sup. paracasei TISTR 2593 on the gut microbiome and metabolic health in patients with hypercholesterolemia, and was registered in the Thai Clinical Trial Registry (TCTR 20220917002). In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 22 hypercholesterolemic participants received either the probiotic or a placebo daily for 90 days. Fecal samples collected before and after the intervention revealed significant microbiome changes, including a decrease in Subdoligranulum, linked to rheumatoid arthritis, and an increase in Flavonifractor, known for its anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, the probiotic group exhibited a significant reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. These findings suggest that L. paracasei TISTR 2593 can modulate the gut microbiome and improve metabolic health, warranting further investigation into its mechanisms and long-term benefits.

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The gut microbiota is the central regulator of human metabolism, it is considered a superorganism, it fulfills functions related to homeostasis and the maintenance of systemic health, contributing to immunity and epithelial integrity, any alteration is related to non-compliance or interruption of some of its functions, for this reason in search of balance, prevention and treatment measures have been implemented, one of them is the use of probiotics, which has been proven to bring beneficial actions towards the health of the host. , such as lactobacillus and bifidobacteria, here we will review the association between gut microbiota, probiotics and the use of probiotics like a treatment of prevention for pathologies of gut microbiota.

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Abstract Background and Aims Probiotics may play a role in inflammation, nutritional status, kidney function and quality of life. However, few studies were performed to study the effects of probiotics on metabolites of intestinal flora in patients. Method We investigated the effects of Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 on intestinal flora and related short-chain fatty acids in end stage kidney disease patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) in a single-center, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (ChiCTR-TRC2016254). Fifty one patients on peritoneal dialysis underwent an intervention with the probiotic supplement (n = 36, PR group) or placebo (n = 15, PL group) for twelve weeks. In addition to collecting fecal samples for 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) analysis, gastrointestinal symptom was also assessed at baseline and after the intervention. Moreover, PR group was divided into gastrointestinal symptom remission group (n = 30, GR group) and gastrointestinal symptom non-remission group (n = 5, GNR group). Results Probi... Read More

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As our understanding of the intricate interaction between gut bacteria and human health continues to expand, so too has interest in the ability of probiotics to manage gut microbiota and confer multiple health benefits to the host. The mini literature review focuses on the expanding potential of the use of probiotics in GI health, with a focus on probiotics' potential therapeutic advantages in a variety of gastrointestinal (GI) illnesses. Probiotics play a significant role in managing diarrhea and symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) by modulating gut microbial communities. Specific probiotic strains have been found to reduce the abundance of harmful bacteria, regulate inflammatory markers like interleukin 6, and improve GI symptoms such as abdominal discomfort and stool consistency. Additionally, probiotic blends have shown potential for preventing GI infections and alleviating GI pain in IBS-D patients. Studies have demonstrated that certain multi-strain probiotics, including Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species, can significantly increase the frequency o... Read More

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The probiotics, when administered in adequate amounts, have the ability to 
 confer health benefits to the host by positively influencing the composition and 
 function of gut microbiota. The present study was aimed to isolate and 
 characterize the probiotic bacteria from locally available curd and Yakult 
 samples and compare them with Sporolac for probiotic properties. Three 
 bacterial isolates were isolated and tentatively identified on morpho-cultural and 
 biochemical characteristics as Lactobacillus sp. The isolates were named 
 Lactobacillus sp. isolates PBC, PBY and SPO. E coli was used as negative control. 
 The study revealed that the isolates exhibited auto-aggregation and co 
 aggregation activities, more in isolate SPO as compared to the isolates PBC and 
 PBY. Biofilm and quorum quenching activities were high in Lactobacillus sp. 
 isolate PBC and PBY as compared to Lactobacillus sp. isolate SPO. The other 
 tests showed more or less similar properties as compared to the commercially 
 available product.... Read More

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The human gut microbiome, crucial for health, can be disrupted by antibiotic treatment, leading to various health issues and the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study investigates the impact of a probiotic on the gut microbiomes composition and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) content following antibiotic treatment. Conducted as a single-centre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, adults taking oral antibiotics were allocated into a probiotic or placebo group. Evaluations included viable cell enumeration and shotgun metagenomic sequencing for microbiome analysis, along with ARG assessment. The probiotic maintained the numbers of lactobacilli, significantly increased the Bacteroides population and decreased numbers of enterobacteria. The lactobacilli and enterococci numbers decreased in the placebo. The alpha diversity remained stable in the probiotic group throughout the study, but significant reductions were observed in the placebo group post antibiotic treatment. There was significant spatial separation in beta diversities between groups at the en... Read More

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Agents for stimulating the growth of bifidobacteria in the mammalian gut, comprising Lactobacillus fermentum cells, Lactobacillus delbrueckii cells, or a combination of both, as well as their culture medium, which can be administered in various forms including LACTEOL, low-lactose LACTEOL, or supernatant fractions. These agents can be used to improve gut health by increasing bifidobacteria populations, which has been linked to various beneficial effects including reduced inflammation, improved metabolic function, and enhanced immune response.

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Personalized probiotic regimens, taking into account individual characteristics such as stool patterns, have the potential to alleviate gastrointestinal disorders and improve gut health while avoiding the variability exhibited among individuals by conventional probiotics. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of personalized probiotic interventions in managing distinct stool patterns (constipation and diarrhea) by investigating their impact on the gut microbiome and gastrointestinal symptoms using a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial design. This research leverages the multi-strain probiotic formulas, Consti-Biome and Sensi-Biome, which have previously demonstrated efficacy in alleviating constipation and diarrhea symptoms, respectively. Improvement in clinical symptoms improvement and compositional changes in the gut microbiome were analyzed in participants with predominant constipation or diarrhea symptoms. Results indicate that tailored probiotics could improve constipation and diarrhea by promoting

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Abstract: This study explores the potential of using probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that produce bacteriocins as a novel approach to controlling gut microbiota dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis, characterized by an imbalance in the composition of the gut microbiota, is implicated in various health disorders. Probiotic LAB have gained attention for their ability to promote a balanced gut microbiota. Bacteriocin-producing LAB offer an added advantage by inhibiting pathogenic bacteria and promoting the growth of beneficial microbes. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the mechanisms of probiotic LAB and their bacteriocins in modulating gut microbiota composition. Additionally, key clinical studies and potential applications of bacteriocin-producing LAB in mitigating gut dysbiosis are discussed.

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Background: Several studies hypothesized a therapeutic role of probiotics in the management of chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) patients. Here, we assessed the effect of probiotics as an add-on treatment in patients with clinical recurrences of CBP, through gut microbiota modification analysis. Methods: This study has been planned as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial examining the efficacy and safety of consumption of probiotics containing human Lactobacillus casei DG or placebo following 1 month-treatment with ciprofloxacin. Twenty-four patients with CBP were recruited and treated for 3 months with placebo (n. 12) or with Lactobacillus Casei DG (n. 12). During the enrollment and follow-ups, IPSS, NIH-CPSI and SF-36 were used. Urological examinations and microbiological tests were performed to analyze the symptomatology, recurrences frequency, and gut and seminal microbiota. Results: The treatment with Lactobacillus Casei DG induced a significantly (p<0.01) faster recovery of symptoms (2 days vs. 8 days) than placebo and an in... Read More

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This was a sub-group analysis of a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial (ECLISP trial) OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of a probiotic containing at least 6.5 10

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Abstract BACKGROUND Lactocaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 (NTU101) is a wellknown commercial probiotic with multiple health beneficial effects. In this study, the gut microbiota modulation effect of an NTU 101 product, Vigiis 101LAB, on healthy human was investigated in a randomized, doubleblind, placebocontrolled human trial. RESULTS Vigiis 101LAB significantly modulated human gut microbiota at fourth and sixth weeks of trial (anosim analysis, P = 0.001). It also significantly improved peristalsis ( P = 0.003) and shortened defecation interval of subjects. The shift of gut microbiota is significantly fit with defecation interval ( P = 0.009) and stool shape ( P = 0.001) of subjects. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Vigiis 101LAB promotes human intestinal health with improvement of peristalsis and fecal quality. The gut modulation effects of Vigiis 101LAB subsequently raised the abundance of vitamin B7, vitamin K, pyrimidine and purine biosynthesis pathways. Vigiis 101LAB may promote peristalsis via purinergic pathway and possibly conferring prophylactic be... Read More

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<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background &amp; Aims:</bold> Constipation is a disorder affecting the quality of life of patients, and symptoms following current treatments still need to be improved. Although probiotics treat constipation, the efficacy and safety of this therapy remain controversial. This a randomized, double-blind, placebo-dense controlled trialaimed to investigate the clinical impact of the probiotic bacterium Lacticaseibacillus<italic> paracasei</italic> 207-27 on chronic constipation. <bold>Methods</bold>: We recruited 80 patients aged 1865 with chronic constipation and divided them into probiotic (<italic>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</italic> 207-27) and placebo (maltodextrin) groups. The participants were treated twice daily for 4 weeks, and stool samples and questionnaires were collected before and after treatment. The 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics data were analyzed. <bold>Results</bold>: Bowel movements, total short-chain fatty acid, and propionic acid were significantly improved in the probiotic group compared with in the placebo (control)... Read More

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In recent years, interest in probiotics, particularly Lactobacillus strains like Lactobacillus sp. SKG34, isolated from Sumbawa mare milk, has surged due to their potential health benefits. This strain holds promise as a probiotic agent, but understanding its behavior in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is essential for effective application. This study aimed to investigate the resistance and persistence of Lactobacillus sp. SKG34 in the GI tract of rats. Rats were orally administered the strain at a concentration of 10^8 cells for 30 days. The probiotics ability to modulate gut microbiota and improve host health is a key area of interest. By utilizing techniques like PCR-RAPD, this research sought to elucidate the fate of Lactobacillus sp. SKG34 in the complex environment of the rat GI tract. Results revealed a significant increase in LAB population in cecal contents, from 3.06 x 10^9 cfu/g in the control group to 1.25 x 10^10 cfu/g in the probiotic group. RAPD analysis also detected Lactobacillus sp. SKG34 in approximately 23% of the total population of lactic acid bacteria in ceca... Read More

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As different probiotic supplements become increasingly seen in the market, questions regarding their use for gut health from patients rises as well. Because these supplements do not require FDA approval, their safety and efficacy is often unknown and limited research available poses an even greater challenge for healthcare providers when prompted with questions regarding their use. This article summarizes evidence-based recommendations provided by the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) and the World Gastroenterology Organization (WGO). Of the conditions discussed, supportive evidence on the use of probiotics is mostly seen in the prevention of C. diff associated diarrhea, prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhea and treatment of IBS. Of the millions of different strains available, the recurring genus seen across multiple disease states is Lactobacillus. It is most known that probiotics serve as a source of good bacteria, but these supplements may pose a threat in certain patient populations and require careful consideration between patients and providers before star... Read More

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A composition comprising bacteria, preferably Lactobacillus paracasei, that increases intestinal production of butyric acid, folic acid, and niacin while decreasing succinic acid production. The composition is used to treat and prevent intestinal conditions such as inflammation, diarrhea, and ulcerative colitis.

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Probiotics, live cells with various beneficiary attributes, have been broadly analysed and researched monetarily in various unmistakable ways inside the world. Their advantages to human and animal prosperity have been shown in many legitimate explore. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are the most probiotic packs, anyway, there are gives an account of the probiotic capability of Bacillus, Yeasts, Pedi coccus and Lactococcus. A couple of the perceived probiotic strains show proficient mitigating, antiallergic and other essential properties. The commitment of probiotics in forestalling and therapy of diabetes, stoutness, malignant growth and different illnesses connected with pathogenic organisms is a thrilling and quickly propelling examination field. Isolated from that, the use of dairy and non-dairy things animates the obstruction very surprising ways

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The development of probiotics has now included the areas along the gut-vaginal axis. We thus aimed to investigate the effects of lactobacilli probiotic to modulate and restore vaginal and gut microbiota of pregnant women with vaginal candidiasis (VC). A randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled study was performed in 78 pregnant women with VC. Patients were randomised to either the probiotic (SynForU-HerCare) or placebo which were administered at baseline and continued for 8-weeks (two capsules/day of 9.5 log cfu/capsule). Microbiota profiles were assessed at time points of weeks-0, 4 and 8 for high vaginal swab and faecal samples. Shannon diversity index showed that after 8-weeks amid VC, a shift in microbial community compositional changes occurred in the high vaginal region at both genus (P=0.025) and species (P=0.044) levels, where the administration of probiotic prevented such a shift. These changes were mainly attributed to a decreased in abundance of Lactobacillus (P=0.042) accompanied by increased abundance of Prevotella (P=0.002) and Atopobium (P=0.002) in the placebo ... Read More

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The role of probiotic supplementation in type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatment is controversial. The present study aimed to assess the effects of a multi-strain probiotic supplement (LactoLevureR (containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium lactis, and Saccharomyces boulardii)) over 6 months, primarily on glycemic control as well as on lipid levels and alterations in the gut microbiome, among individuals with T2D residing in Greece. A total of 91 adults with T2D (mean age [SD] 65.12 10.92 years, 62.6% males) were randomized to receive the probiotic supplement or a matching placebo capsule, once daily, for 6 months. Blood chemistries and anthropometric parameters were conducted every 3 months, and stool samples were collected at baseline and at 6 months. Significant reductions in HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, and total cholesterol were observed in participants treated with the probiotic supplement (n = 46) compared to the controls (n = 45), even after adjustment for a greater decrease in adiposity (waist circumference). Although there were no statistica... Read More

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Using lactic acid bacteria or their fermentation products to maintain or improve gastrointestinal health. The bacteria strain Lactobacillus paracasei ET-66 is found to adhere to gastric cells, inhibit Helicobacter pylori growth, and/or agglutinate Helicobacter pylori. Administering compositions containing this strain or its fermentation products can improve gastrointestinal condition by leveraging these biological functions.

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Using a probiotic composition containing specific bacteria to treat symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The composition contains live bacteria like Lactobacillus paracasei, Bifidobacterium species, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The bacteria are administered orally in doses of 1-100 billion cells per intake. The probiotic composition improves IBS symptoms by increasing beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus and reducing pathogenic bacteria like Ruminococcus. It also increases short-chain fatty acids and reduces inflammatory cytokines.

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The status of an impaired gut microbial community, known as dysbiosis, is associated with metabolic diseases such as obesity and insulin resistance. The use of probiotics has been considered an effective approach for the treatment and prevention of obesity and related gut microbial dysbiosis. The anti-obesity effect of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei AO356 was recently reported. However, the effect of L. paracasei AO356 on the gut microbiota has not yet been identified. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of L. paracasei AO356 on gut microbiota and ensure its safety for use as a probiotic.Oral administration of L. paracasei AO356 (107 colony-forming units [CFU]/mg per day, 5 days a week, for 10 weeks) to mice fed a high-fat diet significantly suppressed weight gain and fat mass. We investigated the composition of gut microbiota and explored its association with obesity-related markers.Oral administration of L. paracasei AO356 significantly changed the gut microbiota and modified the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Oscillospira. Bacteroides and Oscillospira wer... Read More

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Background: Gut microbiota has beneficial effects on intestinal mucosa. It enhances immunity and produces metabolites that influence general health. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary intervention with multi-strain potential probiotic Lactobacilli on functional metabolic colonic activities in healthy adult males. Furthermore, the study introduces dates and biscuits as non-dairy matrices for administration of probiotic Lactobacilli. Methods: The crossover study included eleven adult male volunteers, who were assigned to three different interventions consecutively, with each intervention lasting for 21 days. The participants were given biscuits with probiotics, followed by biscuits with placebo, and lastly dates with probiotics. Each phase was followed by a month of washout period. The consumed biscuits and dates contained probiotics with a total daily dose of 1.68 x 108 and 3.3 x 108 colony forming units, respectively. Before and after each test period, the volunteers were clinically examined and stool samples were collected. The samples were examined for Lactobacillus... Read More

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Probiotics are living microorganisms which impart beneficial effects to consumers when ingested in a certain quantity. The main probiotic groups include the strains of genera Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Lactococcus and Streptococcus. Probiotics are similar to the naturally found intestinal gut microflora which play an important role in enhancing the human and animal health. Probiotic microorganisms provide various health benefits to human, reduce the blood pressure, decrease the serum cholesterol level, lactose digestion and improve immune response etc. They provide health benefits to the consumers by various mechanisms such as by producing the different postbiotics (bacteriocins, lactic acid), build up the epithelial barrier, fight for binding sites with pathogens on gut wall and thus preventing the infection and enhancing the adhesion to intestinal mucosa. Thus, probiotics having therapeutic values are used for the treatment of various diseases and illness such as allergy, cancer, gastrointestinal disorders, urogenital infections, to reduce obesity, cholesterolaemia and diarrhe... Read More

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Probiotics are live microorganisms beneficial to health, which can be used as food supplements or added to foods such as yogurt and fermented milk.Probiotics are classified into different types, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species, and act in different ways, such as colonizing the gastrointestinal tract, modulating the intestinal microbiota and stimulating the immune system.Probiotics have been widely studied in relation to their use in the treatment of several syndromes, such as acute and chronic diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.In acute diarrhea, probiotics have been shown to be effective in reducing the duration of diarrhea and decreasing the number of bowel movements.In chronic diarrhea, probiotics have also shown positive effects in reducing symptoms and improving patients' quality of life.In irritable bowel syndrome, probiotics have been studied as a promising alternative to conventional treatment, due to their ability to modulate the intestinal microbiota and reduce inflammation.In celiac disease, probioti... Read More

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Probiotics and metabolites (postbiotics) in preparing products for relieving colorectal inflammation. The mixture includes five self-isolated and identified probiotics, their fermentation metabolites and bacterial composition formulations for clinical prevention and treatment of colorectal-associated inflammatory bowel disease.

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The gut microbiota promotes gastrointestinal health in humans; however, the effect of probiotics on the gut microbiota of healthy adults has not been documented clearly. This placebo-controlled study was conducted to assess the effect of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LRa05 supplementation on the gut microbiota of healthy adults. The subjects (N = 100) were randomized 1:1 to receive (1) maltodextrin (placebo, CTL group) and (2) maltodextrin + strain LRa05 (1 1010 colony-forming units/day, LRa05 group). The duration of the intervention was 4 weeks, and changes in the gut microbiota from before to after the intervention were investigated using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. In terms of alpha diversity, no significant difference in the composition of the gut microbiota was found between the LRa05 and CTL groups. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that the relative abundance of Lacticaseibacillus significantly increased after supplementation with LRa05. Furthermore, a decreasing trend in the abundance of Sellimonas and a significant decrease in the salmonella infection pathway wer... Read More

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of probiotic pretreatment on the alteration and recovery of gut microbiota after bowel preparation and its correlation with minor complications. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial that included participants 40-65 years of age. Participants were randomly provided probiotics (active group) or placebo (placebo group) for 1 month before the colonoscopy and their feces collected. A total of 51 participants were included in the present study (26 in the active group and 25 in the placebo group). In the active group, the microbial diversity, evenness, and distribution were not significantly changed between before and after bowel preparation, but did change in the placebo group. The number of gut microbiota that decreased after bowel preparation in the active group was lower than in the placebo group. On the seventh day after colonoscopy, the gut microbiota in the active group was restored to almost the same level as before bowel preparation. In addition, we identified that several strains were assumed as key m... Read More

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Introduction: In recent years, the health-giving properties of probiotics have attracted the attention of many researchers. Probiotics are vital microorganisms that can play a useful role in improving human health if they are used consistently and adequately. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are the most common probiotic bacteria that are introduced as the normal flora of the body. Probiotics can have a beneficial effect on improving human health by inhibiting or reducing pathogenic microorganisms. They can play an effective role in the treatment and prevention of various diseases such as constipation, oral and dental diseases, cancer, diarrhea, Helicobacter pylori infection and similar diseases. The purpose of this study is to review probiotics and their impact on preventing and improving human health. Conclusion: Based on the studies, it can be concluded that the continous and sufficient consumption of probiotics can prevent and improve human diseases.

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Probiotic microbiota plays a vital role in gastrointestinal health and possesses other beneficial attributes such as antimicrobial and antibiotic agents along with a significant role in the management of diabetes. The present study identifies the probiotic potential of Lactobacillus spp. isolated from three traditionally fermented foods namely, jalebi, medhu vada, and kallappam batters at biochemical, physiological, and molecular levels. By 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing, the isolates were identified. A similarity of >98% to Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus RAMULAB13, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum RAMULAB14, Lactiplantibacillus pentosus RAMULAB15, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei RAMULAB16, Lacticaseibacillus casei RAMULAB17, Lacticaseibacillus casei RAMULAB20, and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei RAMULAB21 was suggested when searched for homology using NCBI database. Utilizing the cell-free supernatant (CS), intact cells (IC), and cell-free extract (CE) of the isolates, inhibitory potential activity against the carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes -glucosidase and -amylase was assesse... Read More

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Abstract The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and probiotics have emerged as a promising microbiota-targeted therapy for improving human health. However, the molecular mechanisms of probiotics action in general and the targeting of small intestinal microbiota by probiotics are not well understood. To address this, we constructed a synthetic community of three species, which resembles the upper small intestinal microbiota. Our results indicate that probiotic supplementation can directly affect the metabolism of the community, resulting in colonization resistance in a probiotic specific manner. Supplementation with Streptococcus thermophilus led to increased lactate production and a decrease in pH, while Lactobacillus casei supplementation increased the resistance to perturbations and nutrient utilization without affecting lactate production or pH. Additionally, when combined with kynurenine, Lactobacillus casei enhanced the kynurenine pathway metabolism resulting in elevated kynurenic acid levels and possibly indirect colonization resistance. Overall, ... Read More

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Compositions for immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory treatment comprising a mixture of bacterial strains from Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species, and a polyphenol fraction from berries such as cranberry, blueberry, or elderberry. The bacterial strains include Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis. The polyphenol fraction contains anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, and other polyphenolic compounds. The compositions are suitable for treating inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders, and gastrointestinal conditions.

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The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract contains a diverse mixture of commensal and pathogenic microbes, forming the gut microbiome. These gut microbes and their potential to improve human health are a topic of great interest to the scientific community. Many intestinal and age-related complications are linked to dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, often associated with a weakened immune system. A decrease in beneficial microbes, generally, along with decreased microbial diversity in the gut, can, in many cases, result in disease, particularly in older individuals. Probiotics, which are ingestible beneficial microorganisms, have the potential to positively modulate the indigenous gut microbiota. There are two predominant and conventional classes of lactic acid bacterial probiotics, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, which have been confirmed for their health benefits and role in preventing certain gut-related disorders. The proper use of probiotics and/or supplements, along with a consistently healthy lifestyle, is a promising holistic approach to maintaining or improving gut health and min... Read More

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A strain of the lactic acid bacteria species Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (L. paracasei) called EM205-11. The strain has probiotic properties, such as adhering to intestinal cells without invading them, improving gut barrier function, and having anti-inflammatory effects. It also has a broad ability to utilize prebiotic carbohydrates like inulin. Compositions containing this strain, supernatants, extracts, or derivatives are provided for improving gut health, treating inflammatory disorders, preventing leaky gut, and promoting intestinal barrier function.

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A topical composition containing a probiotic and hyaluronic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. The composition contains a probiotic like Lactobacillus casei and hyaluronic acid in specific amounts. The probiotic reduces inflammation by modifying the gut microbiota, while hyaluronic acid promotes mucosal healing. The composition can be administered rectally as an enema or foam.

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Background: Probiotics have been previously reported to reduce the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in extremely preterm infants, but the mechanisms by which the probiotics work remain unknown. We aimed to investigate the effects of probiotics on the gut microbiota of extremely preterm infants. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 120 extremely preterm neonates (gestational age 28 weeks) between August 2019 and December 2021. All neonates were divided into the study (receiving probiotics) and the control (no probiotics) groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the significantly different compositions of gut microbiota between these two groups. The effects of probiotics on the occurrence of NEC and late-onset sepsis were also investigated. Results: An increased abundance of Lactobacillus was noted in neonates who received the probiotics (AOR 4.33; 95% CI, 1.89-9.96, p = 0.009) when compared with the control group. Subjects in the probiotic group had significantly fewer days of total parenteral nutrition (median [inter... Read More

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The gut microbiota is implicated in diverse interactions affecting human health. The present study reports a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study conducted by administering a new synbiotic formulation composed of two Lactobacillus strains (L. plantarum and L. acidophilus) and one Bifidobacterium strain (B. animalis subsp. lactis) and two types of fructans (fructo-oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization of 3-5 and inulin-type fructans with 10 DP). The effects of this synbiotic were evaluated on healthy subjects for 28 days and the maintenance of its efficacy was evaluated at the end of a follow-up period of 28 days. The synbiotic treatment contributes to higher biodiversity of the gut microbiota, increasing the community richness with respect to the group with the prebiotics alone and the placebo group. Its positive effect is also reflected in the variation of microbial community structure favoring the beneficial short-chain fatty acids bacterial producers. The amelioration of the health status of the subjects was also established by the reduction of co... Read More

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Obesity and overweight are closely related to diet, and the gut microbiota play an important role in body weight and human health. The aim of this study was to explore how Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032 supplementation alleviate obesity by modulating the human gut microbiome. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted on 72 individuals with overweight. Over a 12-week period, probiotic groups consumed 1 1010 colony-forming units of HY7601 and KY1032, whereas the placebo group consumed the same product without probiotics. After treatment, the probiotic group displayed a reduction in body weight (p < 0.001), visceral fat mass (p < 0.025), and waist circumference (p < 0.007), and an increase in adiponectin (p < 0.046), compared with the placebo group. Additionally, HY7601 and KY1032 supplementation modulated bacterial gut microbiota characteristics and beta diversity by increasing Bifidobacteriaceae and Akkermansiaceae and decreasing Prevotellaceae and Selenomonadaceae. In summary, HY7601 and KY1032 probiotics exert anti-obesity... Read More

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In recent decades, probiotic bacteria have become increasingly popular as a result of mounting scientific evidence to indicate their beneficial role in modulating human health. Although there is strong evidence associating various Lactobacillus probiotics to various health benefits, further research is needed, in particular to determine the various mechanisms by which probiotics may exert these effects and indeed to gauge inter-individual value one can expect from consuming these products. One must take into consideration the differences in individual and combination strains, and conditions which create difficulty in making direct comparisons. The aim of this paper is to review the current understanding of the means by which Lactobacillus species stand to benefit our gastrointestinal health.

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The dynamic and varied microbial community of gut microbiomes influences the genetic factor of the individual and the environment. Sequencing methods have permitted advancing in omics studies on the gut microbiome. This was important to elucidate the mechanism involved in the host homeostasis. In this context, our knowledge of the microbiota composition and activity of bacterial genes has increased. Probiotic microorganisms are a new perspective of intestinal microbiota modulation. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) consist of an essential resource of probiotics in food products. Due to its beneficial properties, including the maintenance of gut microbiota and disease prevention, the use of LAB has become more frequent. For example, the treatment with LAB probiotic strains has been associated with improved consumers healthy microbiome and reduced allergy and other gastrointestinal disorders. In this chapter, we focus on omics studies to understand the role of microbiota, their composition, and the correlation of probiotics with maintaining balanced health.

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This review is aimed to explore the health beneficial effects of probiotics which are live microorganisms that provide a positive health influence on humans when taken in sufficient quantity. Lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, and yeast are frequently used as probiotics. These health-beneficial bacteria could compete with pathogens and modulate the gut microbiota, and exhibit immunomodulatory, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer activities which are discussed in this review. Moreover, recent studies showed that probiotics could neutralize COVID-19 infections. Hence, probiotics have become an alternative to several drugs including antibiotics. In addition, probiotic efficacy also depends on the delivery system as the delivery agents help the bacteria to survive in the harsh environment of the human gut. Considering these health benefits of probiotics, now it has been applied to different food materials which are designated as functional food. This review explored a portrait of the beneficial effects of probiotics on human health.

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Probiotics are non-digestive live microorgnaisms recognized as safe for the human consumption and have demonstrated their effectiveness for provideing several health benefits such as maintaining stability and composition of intestinal microbiota and to increase resistance against pathogens. The most common probiotic bacteria belong to the Lactobaccilus and Bifidobacterium genera, which include Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Saccharomyces boulardii, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bacillus coagulans, etc. Additionally, the probiotics are widely used for developing fermented food products such as dairy products. The consumption of prbiotic foods help to alleviate lactose intolerance, boost immune system, reducing risk colon cancer and other chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders. This chapter attemps to review the major types of probiotics and their mechanism for colonization resistance, production of inhibitory substances, stimulation of immunity and degradation of toxic receptor.

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Lactobacillus is one of the largest genera included in the lactic acid bacteria.This genus contained a lot of species, with their differences in phenotypic and genotypic properties.They are gram-positive, aerotolerant nonspore-forming bacteria.They are commonly found in nature.Additionally, many lactobacillus species constitute a significant part of the human gastrointestinal microbial community and vaginal microbiota.They have a great role in the balance of intestinal microflora.The genus Lactobacillus is the most researched bacteria, which is widely used in probiotic and commercial products.Probiotics are supplements of food containing significant amounts of living microorganisms, and able to alter the composition of the gastrointestinal microbial community, and are used in the treatment of disturbed gastrointestinal microbiota that provides beneficial effects to human health.The mechanisms of probiotic lactobacillus activities include adhesion to intestinal mucosa to prevent the adherence and growth of pathogenic bacteria through competitive exclusion.Also, productions of antimicr... Read More

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Probiotic intake has been shown to improve certain physiological health indicators. We aimed to examine effects of Lactobacillus casei LTL1879, obtained from long-lived elderly volunteers, on blood biochemical, oxidative, and inflammatory markers and gut microbiota in twenty healthy, young volunteers. Volunteers were randomly divided into equal probiotic and placebo groups and changes in blood biochemical indicators, oxidative and inflammatory markers, and gut microbiota were examined after three weeks of probiotic intervention. The probiotic groups antioxidant levels were significantly enhanced post-intervention. Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels were significantly increased (p &lt; 0.0001), while malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased (p &lt; 0.05), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) levels increased, but with no significant difference. In addition, Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) levels were significantly up-regulated and down-regulated (p &lt; 0.05, respectively). Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, and Bacteroides expression was significantly ... Read More

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