Probiotic fermentation prediction presents significant technical challenges due to the complexity of microbial interactions and metabolic processes. Experimental measurements show that single fermentation runs can generate over 250 metabolites, with pH fluctuations between 3.8 and 6.5, and bacterial population dynamics shifting by 2-3 log CFU/mL throughout the fermentation process. These parameters vary considerably based on strain combinations, substrate availability, and environmental conditions, making traditional modeling approaches insufficient for industrial-scale predictions.

The central challenge lies in capturing the stochastic nature of microbial community interactions while maintaining computational efficiency needed for real-time process control.

This page brings together solutions from recent research—including machine learning models that predict community performance based on strain composition, genomic analysis methods that infer environmental adaptations, deep learning approaches for real-time growth prediction from image sequences, and iterative methods for refining culture conditions. These and other approaches enable manufacturers to optimize fermentation parameters, reduce batch-to-batch variability, and accelerate the development of new probiotic formulations with predictable functional outcomes.

1. Method for Screening Microbiota-Improving Agents Using Fecal Samples and Specific Medium Composition

HEM PHARMA INC, 2025

A method for screening personalized probiotics, prebiotics, foods, health functional foods, and drugs using fecal samples and a proprietary medium composition. The method involves treating fecal samples with candidate materials, culturing, and analyzing the resulting microbiota and metabolites to identify effective personalized microbiota-improving agents. The composition includes L-cysteine, sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, potassium chloride, and hemin, which are combined with fecal samples to create a controlled in vitro environment that mimics the human gut. The method enables rapid screening of personalized microbiota-improving agents using fecal samples and special media, and can be used to diagnose diseases caused by intestinal disorders.

2. Machine Learning-Driven Design of Bacterial Communities with Predictive Performance Modeling Based on Strain Composition

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, 2025

Using machine learning to design bacterial communities for specific tasks like suppressing pathogens or degrading contaminants. The method involves training a machine learning model to predict community performance based on bacterial strain composition. The training uses real experimental data on actual communities. The model is then used to identify communities with high predicted performance for a task. This allows efficient screening of large numbers of possible communities. The training strategy involves generating data with strains and task scores, and prioritizing genetically diverse communities to reduce redundancy.

3. Expectations for employing <i>Escherichia coli</i> Nissle 1917 in food science and nutrition

Miaomiao Hu, Tao Zhang, Ming Miao - Informa UK Limited, 2025

As a promising probiotic strain,

4. Genomic Analysis Method for Inferring Microorganism Environmental Adaptations Through Genomic Feature Correlation

UNIV COLORADO REGENTS, 2025

Predicting environmental preferences of microorganisms through genomic analysis. The method leverages genomic data to infer optimal growth conditions for microorganisms that are difficult to culture in vitro. By analyzing genomic features associated with environmental adaptations, the system identifies genes and proteins that correlate with specific growth preferences across environmental gradients. This enables the prediction of optimal growth conditions for both cultivated and uncultivated microorganisms, expanding our understanding of microbial environmental preferences beyond cultivation-based methods.

5. Machine Learning Models for Predicting Cellular Quantitative Measures from Sparse Data Inputs

TEMPUS AI INC, 2025

Using machine learning models to predict unmeasured cellular quantitative measures like viability to reduce lab experimentation burden in drug discovery. The models are trained on measured data and then used to generate predictions for untested conditions. The predictions can fill in gaps in dose-response matrices, identify synergistic effects, and reduce the number of experiments needed to find drugs with synergy. The models can handle sparse input data and process images as well as numerical values. They can also augment training data with external sources like genomic data.

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6. Method for Genotype-Based Fitness Scoring of Microorganism Strains in Parallel Bioreactors

INSCRIPTA INC, 2025

A method for identifying high-performing microorganisms for bioreactor production by correlating genotype with bioreactor fitness. The method involves culturing a library of genetically modified microorganisms in parallel bioreactors, tracking the frequency of each strain, and assigning a quantitative fitness score based on its relative abundance. This score is then used to select strains for further evaluation in high-throughput screening, enabling the identification of strains with superior bioreactor performance and improved genotypes.

7. Spore Viability Assessment Method Using α-Glucosidase-Induced Fluorescence on Solid Medium

ZHEJIANG CANCER HOSPITAL, 2024

A method for rapidly determining the viability of individual spores using an α-glucosidase test. The method involves adding a spore suspension to a solid medium containing 4-methylumbelliferyl-α-D-glucoside (4-MUG), allowing viable spores to germinate and synthesize α-glucosidase, and then detecting the resulting 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) fluorescence under an excitation light source. The fluorescence pattern reveals the presence and viability of individual spores.

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8. Genomic insights and functional evaluation of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei EG005: a promising probiotic with enhanced antioxidant activity

Jisu Kim, Jinchul Jo, Seoae Cho - Frontiers Media SA, 2024

Probiotics, such as

9. Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Microbiome Analysis and Probiotic Interventions—An Overview and Perspective Based on the Current State of the Art

Fabiana D’Urso, Francesco Broccolo - MDPI AG, 2024

The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining human health and influencing disease states. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have opened new avenues for exploring the intricate functionalities of the gut microbiota. This article aims to provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art applications of AI in microbiome analysis, with examples related to metabolomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and genomics. It also offers a perspective on the use of such AI solutions in probiotic interventions for various clinical settings. This comprehensive understanding can lead to the development of targeted therapies that modulate the gut microbiota to improve health outcomes. This article explores the innovative application of AI in understanding the complex interactions within the gut microbiota. By leveraging AI, researchers aim to uncover the microbiotas role in human health and disease, particularly focusing on CIDs and probiotic interventions.

10. The Immunomodulatory Effects of Lipoteichoic Acid from <i>Lactobacillus reuteri</i> L1 on RAW264.7 Cells and Mice Vary with Dose

Yini Liu, Liya Mei, Linlin Wang - American Chemical Society (ACS), 2024

The probiotic properties of

11. Method for Identifying Microbial Strain Combinations via Machine Learning and Genome Analysis

BIOMATZ CO LTD, 2024

A method for determining optimal combinations of microbial strains for industrial applications, such as biotechnology and environmental engineering, using machine learning and genome analysis. The method integrates genomic, metabolic, and growth data to predict strain interactions and optimize productivity, efficiency, or production of specific metabolites. It employs reinforcement learning and collaborative filtering algorithms to identify strain combinations that maximize growth and metabolic interactions.

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12. LACTIC ACID BACTERIA AS INGREDIENTS OF PROBIOTIC PREPARATIONS

В. В. Денисенко, M.E. Safonova, I.A. Naidenko - National Center for Biotechnology, 2024

Lactic acid bacteria have a long and extensive application record as probiotic strains. Lately, due to wide-spread use of molecular-genetic, transcirptomic, proteomic, metabolomic etc. studies and the massive accumulation of data on the structure and functions of symbiotic intestinal microbiota, the interest in probiotic microorganisms tends to expand year-by-year. Lactic acid bacteria were the first used probiotic species, are still of sharp market demand and have been recognized as the most thoroughly studied microbes among functional relatives. However, characteristics inherent to probiotic bacteria are strain-specific, as a rule, and for preparations with defined purpose it is essential to select special strains showing a complex of appropriate properties. It accentuates the top relevance of research aimed at selection of lactic acid bacterial strains suitable for diverse probiotic preparations. For several decades we curried out investigations to isolate strains of lactic acid bacteria from various natural sources, to characterize their properties and to derive technologies of p... Read More

13. Strain-Dependent Adhesion Variations of Shouchella clausii Isolated from Healthy Human Volunteers: A Study on Cell Surface Properties and Potential Probiotic Benefits

Tanisha Dhakephalkar, Vaidehi Pisu, Prajakta Margale - MDPI AG, 2024

The probiotic potential of

14. Method for Real-Time Microorganism Growth Prediction Using Deep Learning on Image Sequences

BACTEROMIC SP Z O O, 2024

A computer-implemented method for real-time prediction of microorganism growth or inhibition in antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) using artificial intelligence. The method involves training a deep learning neural network to classify sequences of images of incubated microorganisms based on pixel intensity changes over time. The network extracts spatio-temporal features from the image sequences and predicts growth or inhibition based on an output score. The method enables rapid AST results without requiring high-resolution images, making it suitable for high-throughput testing systems.

15. Sodium Deoxycholate-Propidium Monoazide Droplet Digital PCR for Rapid and Quantitative Detection of Viable Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001 in Compound Probiotic Products

Ping Wang, Lijiao Liang, Xinkai Peng - MDPI AG, 2024

As a famous probiotic,

16. Evaluation of the Probiotic Properties and Physiological Activities of Novel Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Traditional Fermented Foods

Ji-Hye Kim, Sung Keun Jung, Young‐Je Cho - The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 2024

This study evaluated the characteristics of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from kkakdugi for its use as a probiotic.In addition, the possibility of using it as a material for promoting antioxidant activity and skin functionality was evaluated.To verify the feasibility of LAB as probiotics, their survival rates in artificial gastric juice and artificial bile were evaluated.In artificial gastric juice, the average number of probiotics was maintained at 5.310 9 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL, showing a survival rate of about 99%.In artificial bile, the average number of probiotics was maintained at 1.210 9 CFU/mL, showing a survival rate of about 95%.The survival rate indicated their ability to reach the target site to exert their effects.In addition, autoaggregation and cell surface hydrophobicity experiments were conducted to indirectly confirm their ability to adhere to the gastrointestinal tract surface.The autoaggregation rate of all LAB strains increased over time.Specifically, L. plantarum K1-9 and L. brevis K2-9 strains showed high hydrophobicity.LAB culture supernatants w... Read More

17. Iterative Method for Refining Cell Culture Conditions Using Machine Learning-Based Biological Modeling

FUJIFILM CORP, 2024

A method for predicting cell culture results that iteratively refines culture conditions through machine learning-based modeling of biological behavior. The method receives initial culture conditions, predicts biological behavior based on a trained model, updates the culture conditions based on the predicted behavior, and repeats the process until convergence. The trained model can be based on machine learning or biological mechanism-of-action models, including genome-scale metabolic models and cell signaling models.

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18. Machine Learning Model for Cell Viability Prediction in Bioreactors Based on Process Parameters with Weighted Emphasis

GENENTECH INC, 2024

Predicting cell viability in bioreactors during biomolecule manufacturing using machine learning models trained on process parameters such as time elapsed, base addition, and volume, with higher importance assigned to parameters like time elapsed and base addition compared to parameters like pH and dissolved oxygen.

19. Viability of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 Encapsulated by Ionic Gelation during Refractance Window® Drying of a Strawberry Snack

Esmeralda S. Mosquera-Vivas, Alfredo Ayala-Aponte, Liliana Serna‐Cock - MDPI AG, 2024

The selection of appropriate probiotic strains is vital for their successful inclusion in foods. These strains must withstand processing to reach consumers with 10

20. Gut Microbiota and Artificial Intelligence

Devi Nallappan, Jayasree S. Kanathasan, Sandeep Poddar - IGI Global, 2024

The gut microbiota is a potentially modifiable risk factor for various health complications. Therefore, advanced techniques are warranted to understand the relationship between gut microbiota, disease, and clinical relevance. This chapter focuses on the emerging application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in the studies of gut microbiota. It opens with a discussion on the role of gut microbiota in health, mentions an overview of AI techniques, and provides information on the application of AI in the study of the gut microbiome and its role in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. It also gives a glimpse into the challenges and future direction of artificial intelligence in gut microbiome research. The chapter provides new insights into the extraordinary applications of AI in the study of the gut microbiome.

21. Identification and quantification of viable Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus in probiotics using validated PMA-qPCR method

22. An Intelligent Intestine‐on‐a‐Chip for Rapid Screening of Probiotics with Relief‐Enteritis Function

23. Metabolic Labeling of Peptidoglycan Enabled Optical Analysis of Probiotic Vitality

24. Lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tubers as potential probiotic candidates

25. Use Cases and Future Aspects of Intelligent Techniques in Microbial Data Analysis

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