Anti-corrosion Lubricants for Automobiles

Lubricating oil composition for electric vehicle transmissions that balances wear protection with good copper corrosion resistance, sufficient volume resistivity, and good hot surface deposit control. The composition contains a sulfur-based additive with a thiadiazole and a sulfurized polyolefin, along with phosphorus-containing anti-wear additives. The sulfur-based additive provides wear protection and helps prevent corrosion. The phosphorus additives provide wear protection without contributing to corrosion. The oil also has specific viscosity and volume resistivity ranges.

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Low-ash lubricating oil compositions with improved corrosion and emulsion stability, comprising a base oil with a total calculated sulfated ash of 0.5 wt% or less, and an acyclic corrosion inhibitor with a C6 or greater hydrocarbyl chain, substantially free of imine, imide, amidine structural units or hydroxy derivatives thereof. The lubricating oil composition exhibits a stable emulsion at 0°C and/or 25°C and no steel corrosion in humidity corrosion testing.

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Lubricating composition for electric vehicle drivelines, comprising a lubricating oil, a dispersant, corrosion inhibitor, phosphorus antiwear agent, antioxidant, and a sulfur-free detergent, specifically designed for compatibility with both electric motor components and traditional combustion engine gear reduction units.

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Corrosion inhibitors are a vital component in the prevention of metal degradation, which is a significant issue affecting various industries worldwide. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the role of corrosion inhibitors in mitigating corrosion-related problems. The classification, mechanism of action, and applications of corrosion inhibitors, highlighting their effectiveness in different environments and industries have been reviewed. The chapter also explores recent advancements in the development of green corrosion inhibitors as sustainable and eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors, as well as future directions for research in this field. The review aims to provide a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and industries seeking to understand and combat corrosion-related issues.

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Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines with improved fuel efficiency, comprising a lubricating base oil, magnesium salicylate, calcium salicylate, and a molybdenum-based friction modifier, optionally including anti-wear agents, antioxidants, and dispersants.

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This book chapter offers a comprehensive overview of anticorrosive coatings, focusing on various types, their protective mechanisms, and their applications in corrosion protection. For centuries, corrosion of engineering metals and alloys has been an extensive and expensive problem, affecting several industries, such as infrastructure, transportation, and manufacturing. Anticorrosive coatings play a vital role in mitigating corrosion damage by providing a protective barrier between the metal substrate and the corrosive environment. The chapter begins with the introduction of significant corrosion variants and their characteristics, with the importance of anticorrosion coatings. Further delves into an in-depth exploration of different types of anticorrosive coatings based on functionality and compositions with detailed studies on barrier, inhibitive, sacrificial, hybrid, and functional coatings. Each coating type is discussed in terms of its composition, corrosion protection mechanisms, and applications. The chapter highlights the advancement in anticorrosive coatings, such as self-he... Read More

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In recent years, with the development of productivity, the update and iteration of anti-corrosion technology is also advancing rapidly. The innovations of anti-corrosion materials, anti-corrosion technologies, and anti-corrosion mechanisms are emerging in an endless stream. They use different ways to make anti-corrosion stronger, more convenient, and more environmentally friendly. This review summarizes the new discoveries in the field of anti-corrosion in recent years according to different characteristics. These include traditional coatings and corrosion inhibitors that apply new materials; adding nanofillers to the gaps in the coating to prepare new multifunctional coatings; obtaining super-hydrophobic surfaces after special treatment of the coating surface; and discovering the corrosion inhibition effect of bacterial biofilms, and even anti-corrosion coatings suitable for UV preparation. In addition to introducing and analyzing their anti-corrosion methods, the characteristics and application fields of various methods are briefly evaluated. Finally, based on the current developme... Read More

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A lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines that combines multiple molybdenum-based friction modifiers to achieve improved friction reduction while maintaining high-temperature detergency, oxidation stability, and copper corrosion resistance. The composition includes a base oil, a specific combination of molybdenum-based friction modifiers, a metal-based detergent, and an ash-free dispersant, with a carefully controlled acid value and sulfur-to-nitrogen ratio.

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Solid lubricants are those materials that are used to lubricate mainly in dry circumstances. Its main role is similar to that of oils and greases, which is used to create a continuous and adherent lubricant film on the tribological pair surfaces for minimising friction and wear [1]. These coatings are typically employed in situations where liquid lubricants cannot be used or do not offer expected lubrication, such as in high or cryogenic temperatures, high vacuum, ultrahigh-radiation, reactive environments and in extreme contact pressure conditions [2]. Different types of solid lubricants, including graphite, have been extensively used since the middle of the 20th century [3]. From 1950 onwards, development in aeronautics industries emphasised the research and development of advanced solid lubricants. They can be classed based on their crystalline structure, features, properties, or functions, among other things. Different types of solid lubricant coating are shown in Fig. 1 [1].

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A lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines that achieves both low viscosity and excellent lubricity. The composition comprises a base oil, an organic molybdenum compound, and a calcium-based detergent, with a specific molybdenum-to-soap group ratio. The composition exhibits improved oil film-forming ability, reduced frictional wear, and enhanced fuel efficiency, making it suitable for use in low-viscosity engine oils.

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Lubricant compositions for marine engines, particularly two-stroke engines, that prevent corrosion and tribocorrosion of metal parts. The compositions contain an alcohol ethoxylated phosphate ester compound that provides corrosion protection without increasing the base number (BN) of the lubricant. The compound is applied directly to the engine's metal parts, such as cylinder walls, to prevent corrosion and tribocorrosion. The lubricant compositions also include conventional additives like dispersants, detergents, and anti-wear agents.

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In daily life, corrosion is an inevitable problem. Metal corrosion control is crucial for technical, financial, health, and environmental reasons. One of the finest methods for preventing corrosion in metals and metal alloys involves the application of inhibitors. Toxicity of the environment caused by synthetic inhibitors has increased the use of green corrosion inhibitors which are biodegradable, are nontoxic, and do not include heavy metals. In addition, these are affordable, easily accessible, and renewable. The majority of the natural products have the required components for their use as a good source of green corrosion inhibitors. These components help with the adsorption of these substances on metals or alloys to produce a coating that protects the surface and prevents corrosion. The numerous forms of green corrosion inhibitors are briefly covered in this chapter, with a focus on the discussion of the various characteristics of the green corrosion inhibitors documented in the literature.

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Petroleum crude oil is depleting very fast throughout the world. Researchers are focusing on alternative sources that can reduce our dependence on petroleum feedstock. Naturally occurring vegetable oils and natural fats have long been and continue to be the most alternative renewable feedstock for industrial applications such as foods, fuels, corrosion inhibitors and lubricants. Natural extracts of vegetable seeds are an incredibly important feedstock for the industry since they are renewable, sustainable, non-toxic, non-polluting, and cost effective in comparison to synthetic feedstock. Eco-friendly vegetable oils, particularly plant oils, have excellent anticorrosion, lubrication, and viscosity indices due to their inherent affinity for metal surfaces, making them suitable as corrosion inhibitors and lubricants. Corrosion has both economic and social consequences, affecting the safety and health of people who work in industries or live in communities. As an outcome, researchers are exploring and implementing naturally occurring and eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors. In view of the ... Read More

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Lubricant compositions for reducing corrosion in polymerization processes using bronze compressor packing. The lubricant contains an oil and the corrosion inhibitor diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA). Exposing metal components like bronze packing rings in compressors to this lubricant solution with acrylic acid during polymerization reduces corrosion compared to just using the oil. The DTPA inhibits metal corrosion in the harsh polymerization environment.

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In this paper, the issues of increasing the durability of units and parts of the car body with polymer anti-corrosion materials are studied. The object of the research is polymer anti-corrosion coatings. Automotive vehicles are constantly exposed to corrosion processes, and the durability of metal parts depends on the intensity of corrosion. The loss of metals from corrosion is 8-10% of the initial metal mass. In total, losses from corrosion account for 4-6% of national income in many countries. This indicates the need for research and the importance of scientific and technical work in this area. This can be achieved by developing a technology for producing anticorrosive compounds and applying them as protective coatings. In laboratory conditions, based on local raw materials, we have synthesized an anticorrosive coating - epoxy polyurethane with an additive. The main indicators of the synthesized anti-corrosion coating were determined under the standards. Anti-corrosion protection was determined by the method of weight loss of metal plates in various aggressive environments, impact ... Read More

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Corrosion has long been an enduring obstacle for researchers. It is a challenge to make progress in corrosion protection technology and understanding corrosion mechanisms for quite some time. In recent years, the slippery surface has been applied for anti-corrosion. This novel surface gives new expectation to corrosion protection technicians. Even though some researchers have constructed lots of slippery surfaces for anti-corrosion, the robustness should be improved and the intrinsic anti-corrosion mechanism also needs to be clarified. Therefore, we fabricated a solid slippery surface (SSS) via electrodeposition combined with hydrothermal method followed by solid lubricant infused into a micro-nano "metasequoia" structure. The anti-abrasion performance was enhanced due to the special structure as well as the solid lubricant. Besides, the SSS showed thermal assisted self-healing property even after experienced abrasion. The corrosion resistance was evaluated by electrochemical experimental with the potentiodynamic polarization curve and alternating-current impedance technique. The Eco... Read More

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Corrosion is a phenomenon that strongly affects many industries. Everything related to metallurgy, shipbuilding, or the oil industry is negatively affected by corrosion processes. This is a big problem, because the number of industrial accidents due to corrosion reaches more than 75%. Therefore, in this work, the effectiveness of inhibition of corrosion processes in mineralized water-oil environments was investigated in detail. The main goal of the article is to study the regularity of corrosion processes in water-oil media of different composition and at different temperature regimes for effective selection of the inhibition mechanism and type of corrosion inhibitor.
 An effective method of reducing the impact of corrosion processes today is the use of inhibitors. This is expedient not only from the point of view of the effectiveness of the action, but also from the point of view of economic expediency. Inhibitors are added to corrosive environments in order to stop or reduce corrosion processes. They can be used as protective barriers that form a protective layer, and as absor... Read More

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The paper contains an overview of Rosoil rust-preventive, protective and operating lubricants for metallurgy, mechanical engineering and other industries, including for military-industrial enterprises, as well as for the needs of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the population. The main physicochemical and operational characteristics of rust-preventive, protective and operating lubricants are given such as rust-preventive greases for corrosion protection of ferrous and non-ferrous metal products during storage and transportation; protective grease lubricants for anticorrosive and mechanical processing of metals; protective antifriction greases for lubrication when manufacturing and operationing steel ropes made of uncoated wire and galvanized wire; universal lubricants for multi-purpose applications; corrosion-preventing oil for protection of military equipment; gun oils for cleaning, lubrication and corrosion protection of artillery and small arms during storage and operation; corrosion inhibitors to improve the protective properties of lubricating oils for vari... Read More

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Dispersants for lubricants that improve soot performance in engines, comprising compounds derived from substituted succinic anhydrides and diamines. The dispersants are formed through a reaction between the anhydride and diamine, and can be combined with other additives to create lubricants that effectively manage soot deposits.

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Corrosion is the process through which a metal deteriorates as a result of chemical reactions with its surroundings. Corrosion inhibitors are a highly efficient method of preventing corrosion on metal surfaces. New studies are focusing on how to make coatings more effective toward corrosion. One cutting-edge method involves chemically bonding the surfaces of modified fillers in order to increase the better dispersion of coating used and the surface of the material on which coating is applied. In this regard, the surfaces of the filler are activated and modified by grafting a variety of functional groups in order to make them active. Surfaces with coating material matrices that include modified compounds as fillers improved their adherence to metal and increased the various properties like thermal, anticorrosion, etc. of the various coating materials, which used to shield metals from corrosive environments. This was accomplished by improving the adhesion of the modified compounds to the metallic surfaces. Therefore, in this article anti-corrosion coatings are first described in detail... Read More

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Lubricating oil composition with improved corrosion resistance in high-temperature applications, comprising a base oil, esters of a polyhydric alcohol, and a boron-containing dispersant, wherein the ester content is less than 40 wt% of the boron content, and the composition exhibits a bearing weight loss of less than 25 as measured by ASTM D6709.

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A lubricating oil composition for hybrid vehicles that reduces corrosion in the engine, comprising a major amount of lubricating oil, a minor amount of a salicylate detergent derived from isomerized normal alpha olefins, and a minor amount of a dispersant. The isomerized normal alpha olefins have an isomerization level of 0.1 to 0.4, as determined by NMR spectroscopy. The composition is effective in reducing corrosion in hybrid engines, as determined by the modified JIS K2246 test.

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A lubricating oil composition for hybrid vehicles that maintains emulsion stability in the engine by forming a stable emulsion with water and fuel contamination. The composition comprises a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity, a minor amount of a magnesium-containing detergent, and a minor amount of a borated dispersant. The magnesium-containing detergent is preferably a C14-C18 magnesium salicylate with a TBN of 345 mg KOH/g, and the borated dispersant is preferably a borated polyisobutylene succinimide. The composition is formulated to meet the modified ASTM D7563 test for emulsion stability in hybrid engines.

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The ability of lubricants to prevent surface damage and wear is critical in various industrial applications.This study presents an evaluation of the anti-wear performance of some industrial lubricating oils (A, B, and C) with working conditions according to ASTM standards.The results show that oil A has better anti-wear performance than oil B and C under the same working conditions.Oil A also showed stable characteristics during the testing process, with minimal weight differences and scratch widths of the test ball before and after the experiment.In addition, other specifications such as viscosity, viscosity index, pour point, and flash point do not significantly affect the wear resistance of the lubricating oil under these operating conditions.This research highlighted the importance of selecting the right lubricant to minimize wear surface damage, contributing to the performance and longevity of machine components.

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Lubricating oil composition with reduced engine deposits, comprising greater than 50 wt.% of a base oil of lubricating viscosity, and an additive composition comprising one or more zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates (ZDDP compounds) and one or more dispersants, wherein the amount of zinc (Zn) in weight percent provided by the ZDDP compounds multiplied by the contribution of the total base number (TBN) of the dispersants to the TBN of the lubricating oil composition is a multiplication factor Zn*TBNDisp of at least about 0.06.

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Lubricant composition for reducing friction between mechanical parts, particularly in engines, comprising a polymeric organic friction modifier formed by linking hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymer subunits through a backbone moiety, and a base oil component. The polymeric friction modifier is synthesized by reacting a functionalized polyolefin with a polyether, a polyol, and a carboxylic acid end group. The composition also includes conventional additives such as detergents, dispersants, and antioxidants.

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This study provides a review of recent progress on designs, properties, and mechanisms of surface texturing and solid lubricants. Firstly, the design and processing of surface texture, the type of solid lubricants and the preparation method of texture combined with lubricants are mentioned in design strategy, respectively. Then, effects of surface texture and solid lubricants on tribological properties are analyzed, including antifriction, wear-resistance and other beneficial effects. Next, the synergistic effect mechanisms of surface texture and solid lubricants are discussed, focusing on the effect of texture on the surface/interface of lubricating coating and the lubrication effect of solid lubricants by texturing. Finally, this review looks forward to the problems and future development of texture and lubricants.

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The purpose of the study is to increase the efficiency of using used engine oils as a dispersion medium for plastic lubricants. It has been established that the removal of resins, carbenes, carbides and asphaltenes from used synthetic motor oils makes it possible to obtain an oil base close to commercial base oils in terms of basic characteristics; refined oils also have a high margin of operational properties. The composition of lubricants for analogues of Lithol-24 and Solid oil-Zh based on refined used engine oils has been determined. Anticorrosive, adhesive and strength properties of lubricant compositions are considered.

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A variety of corrosion control technologies are used to protect metals from corrosion. The objective of corrosion control techniques is to use the most effective and economical approaches to reduce corrosion to an acceptable level. Each has distinct complexity and goals. Corrosion control techniques require a broad understanding of the underlying corrosion mechanism. Every technique for managing corrosion seeks to bring corrosion down to a tolerable level so that the material can last the desired or anticipated amount of time. The employment of several chemical compounds as corrosion inhibitors is one of the most widely used methods for preventing internal corrosion. The chapter talks about the different types of corrosion inhibitors, their mode of inhibition, selection of the efficient corrosion inhibitors and challenges related to the field.

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Anti-wear (AW) additives and friction modifiers (FMs) and their interactions in lubricants are critical to tribological performance.

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In order to protect the equipment from corrosion that subjected to long-term transportation and storage, conservation liquids and lubricants are used, which in turn are obtained on a petroleum basis, and, as a rule, with the use of oilsoluble corrosion inhibitors.Among the wide variety of such compositions, in particular oligomers, the role of those based on phenol and its derivatives is very important.From the point of view of the search and production of highly effective corrosion inhibitors with a set of required properties, the development of methods for modifying the products of polycondensation of phenol and its alkyl-substituted derivatives with formaldehyde, nitrogen-containing organic compounds is of great importance.The article presents studies on the synthesis, study of the structure, physicochemical indicators of synthetic petroleum acids, as well as those obtained on their basis using polyamines (diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, polyethylenepolyamines)imidazolines and monoalkyl (C8-C12)phenol-formaldehyde oligomers modified with imidazolines of the specified com... Read More

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Lubricating oil composition for hybrid vehicles that improves corrosion protection of engine parts. The composition includes a major amount of lubricating oil of viscosity suitable for hybrid engines, and additives comprising carboxylic acid, ester, or anhydride compounds, and polyalkoxylated hydrocarbyl phenol compounds. These additives work together to prevent the formation of unstable emulsions and corrosion in hybrid engines, particularly in start-stop systems where water and fuel accumulation is a problem.

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Lubricant composition for electric vehicle propulsion systems that combines triazole corrosion inhibitors with amine-based and sulfur-based antiwear additives to provide simultaneous wear protection and corrosion prevention. The composition comprises a base oil, triazole corrosion inhibitors, and amine-based and sulfur-based antiwear additives, such as dimercaptothiazole derivatives, in a specific concentration range. The triazole corrosion inhibitors, particularly tolyltriazole derivatives, enhance the lubricant's electrical insulation properties while preventing corrosion of sensitive components.

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Lubricant composition for electric vehicle propulsion systems that combines succinimide compounds with amine-based and sulfur-based antiwear additives to prevent corrosion and wear on moving parts. The succinimide compounds, such as polyisobutylene succinimides, are used as anticorrosion additives to mitigate the corrosive effects of amine-based and sulfur-based antiwear additives, while maintaining their wear-reducing properties. The composition is suitable for lubricating electric motors, power electronics, and transmission components in electric and hybrid vehicles.

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A corrosion inhibitor for lubricants comprising a polyester reaction product of an alk(en)yl substituted succinic anhydride with a polyol, wherein the average number of succinic groups per alk(en)yl group is less than 3.0. The inhibitor is effective in concentrations of 0.01-1.0 wt% in base oils and lubricants, particularly in Group I-V base oils, to inhibit corrosion of metal surfaces.

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Abstract Metal corrosion has always been a serious problem in industry. There has always been a need to increase the number of possible, cost-effective corrosion inhibitors. However, many commercially available corrosion inhibitors have both high efficiency and high toxicity, which has led environmental authorities to ban their use. As a result, there is growing interest in scientific research into the use of environmentally friendly compounds. Surfactants and biocompatible corrosion inhibitors are special types of chemicals suitable for long-term industrial use. Molecules with unique hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties can be used in a wide range of applications to solve solubilisation problems and improve extraction processes. The use of surfactant-based products to prevent corrosion on metallic surfaces is a new approach in the field of chemical science. This review article addresses the mechanism of corrosion on metal surfaces and discusses in detail the use of environmentally friendly, cost-effective and readily available surfactants as corrosion inhibitors. The properties an... Read More

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Tribocorrosion is the process of material degradation due to both chemical reaction and mechanical reaction. It has played a very important role in internal combustion engines because it is the place where both mechanical reaction and chemical reaction occurred at a same time due to which it undergoes corrosion and wear at the same time. To overcome this issue, a liquid lubricant and surface coating are used to improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the automotive parts. This can be achieved through the addition of suitable additives in lubricant and a suitable surface coating on the substrates. Further, it is also important in oil and gas industries, where the machines work in a corrosive environment under high pressure and high load that is very susceptible to corrosion and wear. Tribocorrosion also leads to the failure of a component which is resulting in the replacement of parts and a reduction in the productivity of machines. Accordingly, this chapter discusses corrosion and its various forms, followed by tribocorrosion and methods to determine the degradation o... Read More

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A lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines that provides improved wear resistance and oil film retention, even at low viscosities. The composition comprises a base oil, a specific imide compound, a calcium-based detergent, a polymer component with a particular molecular weight, and a zinc dithiophosphate. The imide compound is a non-capped succinic acid imide, and the polymer component has a mass average molecular weight of 10,000 to 50,000.

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. The article considers the issues of creating a lubricating composition which is an internal complex salt and possesses anticorrosive properties along with thermal oxidative stability. Antifriction and anti-wear properties of the additive were investigated, the wear of parts in friction units was reduced by 3.2-7.5 times within the normal force range of 73.15-115.15 kgf.

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The paper provides the general data on various organic compounds sulphides, disulphides, diticarbamates and molybdenum-containing additives improving the properties of lubricants. The additives applied for the improvement of lubricating properties of the oils by their characteristics are divided into antifriction, antiwear and antiscoring. The effect of the structure and composition of different chemical compounds on antiwear and antiscoring properties of the oils has been studied. The staff of the Institute for the Chemistry of Additives of NAS of Azerbaijan makes great contribution to the development of a technology of synthesis and research of the compounds improving the lubricating properties of the oils.

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materials for enhancement of anti-corrosion and anti-biofouling performance, including corrosion inhibitors [3][4], organic/inorganic/nano-composite/waterborne protective coatings [5][6], surface/coatings construction with special wettability [7][8] etc. This Research Topic collected 11 original research papers from 65 contributors of the relevant fields, presenting latest advances of corrosion/biofouling mechanism and novel anti-corrosion and anti-biofouling materials including crevice corrosion, microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), hydrogen permeation, corrosion inhibitors, organic anti-corrosion coatings, superhydrophobic coating, pH-responsive coating, and waterborne epoxy coating.For advances of corrosion and biofouling mechanisms, Wang et al. Although some significant progress has been achieved in this Research Topic, many challenges remain for improving the long-term durability, environmental sustainability, easy applicability etc. As guest editors, we hope the 11 original research papers collected in this Research Topic can provide the readers with some new insights ... Read More

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Preservative composition for preventing and reducing corrosion in metal surfaces, comprising an anhydride-derived amide and a base oil, wherein the anhydride-derived amide is present in an amount of 0.01-50 wt. % based on the total weight of the composition. The composition can further comprise a sulfonate composition, and is particularly effective in preventing moisture corrosion, standstill corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking in metal surfaces.

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Corrosion of metals is a key problem for military equipment, weapons and ammunition. Its pernicious impact leads to losses of both the metal itself and the fact that corrosion wear of parts of mechanisms, assemblies reduce the accuracy and reliability of their action, as a result, and the readiness of the equipment. Therefore, protection against corrosive destruction of military equipment, weapons and ammunition is an urgent aim of today.
 To prevent corrosion processes, a rational method of protection is the use of inhibitors, which, at low capital costs, prevent the destruction of equipment, structures and mechanisms. Therefore, inhibitors are added to some lubricating oils that have long-term contact with metals and alloys, and wear of parts as a result, corrosion is reduced. Such lubricants can be used as corrosion protection by applying them on a metal surface. Inhibitors based on mustard oil are designed to protect the surfaces of steel equipment and communications operated in acidic and neutral working environments and have a high protective effect 95-99.5%.
 The a... Read More

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Among the various corrosion prevention methods as described in [...]

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The purpose of this work is to study how to improve the anticorrosive properties of lubricants. With an increase in temperature, the combined action of oxygen, air and water present in the lubricating oil causes rusting of the crankshaft, the walls of the sleeves, the cylinders of the internal combustion engine. We have studied anticorrosive additives as an additive to improve the anticorrosive properties of oils. dialkylphenyldithiophosphoric acid additive was used as such additives. The anticorrosive activity of these substances is associated with their ability to orient themselves on the oilwater surface so that hydrophilic groups bind firmly to water, and the hydrocarbon radical remains in the oil.

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Low-sulfated ash engine oil compositions that balance aftertreatment device protection, steel corrosion resistance, and fuel efficiency. The compositions contain a base oil blend, friction modifiers, and dispersants, with a sulfated ash content of ≤0.8 wt%. The friction modifiers include organic friction modifiers and antiwear additives, while the dispersants are ashless or ash-forming detergents. The base oil blend comprises natural and synthetic oils, including polyalphaolefins, esters, and unconventional base stocks.

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Lubricating compositions for internal combustion engines that combine the benefits of polyalphaolefin (PAO) and polyisobutylene (PIB) dispersants to achieve effective deposit control and cleanliness at low viscosity grades. The compositions comprise an oil of lubricating viscosity and a mixed dispersant additive package containing an acylated PAO-based dispersant and an acylated PIB-based dispersant, with a specific weight ratio of the two dispersants. This combination enables the formulation of low-viscosity engine oils that meet stringent fuel economy and performance requirements.

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Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines, particularly hybrid electric vehicles, that maintains low-temperature fluidity even when contaminated with water. The composition comprises a lubricating base oil with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of 3.8 to 4.6 mm2/s, and additives including a metallic detergent, a succinimide dispersant, and an antioxidant. The metallic detergent is present in an amount of 1000 to 2000 mass ppm in terms of metal content, and the succinimide dispersant is present in an amount of 100 to 1000 mass ppm in terms of nitrogen.

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Understanding the complex nature of wear behavior of materials at high-temperature is of fundamental importance for several engineering applications, including metal processing (cutting, forming, forging), internal combustion engines, etc. At high temperatures (up to 1000 C), the material removal is majorly governed by the changes in surface reactivity and wear mechanisms. The use of lubricants to minimize friction, wear and flash temperature to prevent seizing is a common approach in engine tribology. However, the degradation of conventional liquid-based lubricants at temperatures beyond 300 C, in addition to its harmful effects on human and environmental health, is deeply concerning. Solid lubricants are a group of compounds exploiting the benefit of wear diminishing mechanisms over a wide range of operating temperatures. The materials incorporated with solid lubricants are herein called 'self-lubricating' materials. Moreover, the possibility to omit the use of conventional liquid-based lubricants is perceived. The objective of the present paper is to review the current state-of-... Read More

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Rust preventive oil composition for metal components, comprising a base oil with a naphthenic acid content of 35% by volume or more, a fatty acid alkanolamide, and a specific compound represented by the general formula (B2-1), wherein the fatty acid alkanolamide content is 0.1-3% by mass and the specific compound content is 0.5-5% by mass.

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