Nano Additive Lubricant for Combustion Engines

Reducing abnormal combustion events like pre-ignition in hydrogen fueled internal combustion engines by using specific lubricant additives. The lubricant composition contains a high TBN overbased metal detergent, molybdenum compounds, and low sulfated ash base oils. The molybdenum additive significantly reduces pre-ignition compared to conventional lubricants in hydrogen engines.

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Fuel additive composition for internal combustion engines that simultaneously cleans, lubricates, and enhances combustion. The composition comprises a mixture of metal oxide nanoparticles, such as zinc oxide, cerium oxide, or aluminum oxide, with a multiple ester-based product. The nanoparticles have a high surface area-to-volume ratio and are designed to attach to engine components, while the ester-based product provides lubrication and cleaning properties. The composition is particularly effective in diesel engines, where it can improve fuel economy, reduce emissions, and extend engine component life.

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The practice of employing efficient lubricants involving functional additives has become imperative in order to enhance engine efficiency, to say the least. The span of an engine's life can be greatly enhanced by gear oil's tribological and thermo-physical properties. Addressing the tribological management of gearbox components within the mechanical sector is a dire necessity. In a quest for exceptional nanolubricants with improved serviceability, present manuscript deals with the dispersion of metallic-sulphide nano dispersants in gear oil lubricant. Nanolubricants were prepared by dispersing molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles (MoS2 Nps) in gear oil with varying concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% by volume (v/v). Then nanolubricants' thermo-physical properties were assessed and contrasted with those of plain gear oil. This was followed by the measurement of the tribological and extreme pressure properties of the nanolubricant samples on a four-ball tester. According to the findings, as compared to gear oil, the prepared nanolubricant yielded a maximum reduction of 9.21% and 9.38... Read More

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Lubricating compositions comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and an ashless antioxidant comprising a benzazepine compound, which provides improved oxidative stability and cleanliness in heavy-duty diesel engines and passenger car crankcase engines. The benzazepine compound can be a dibenzazepine compound, and the composition can further include other additives such as anti-wear agents, detergents, and dispersants. The lubricating composition can be used in various applications including internal combustion engines, power transmissions, gears, metalworking, hydraulic systems, and special applications.

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In the current growing demand for lubricants, there is a need for the improvement in their lubricating property. This chapter presents an extensive review of Nano lubricants as well as their applications in a variety of business sectors. Nowadays, the additives of the nanoparticles are coming in trend to increase the lubricating property of any lubricant for use in various applications, for this purpose the additives are dispersed in the base oil which forms the stable lubricating fluid. The addition of nanoparticles in the lubrication provides several benefits as compared with the ordinary lubricant such as reduced friction wear and tear, increased load-carrying capacity, and enhanced thermal stability. Continued research and development in the field of nanotechnology are unlocking the potential pertaining to Nano lubricants resulting in applications in high temperatures, high pressures, and corrosive environments where ordinary lubricants cannot work properly. Additionally, they are being explored for their uses in microdevices, electronics, and advanced materials. When seen from t... Read More

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Introducing nano-additives like aluminum oxide and cerium oxide into the B20 blend biodiesel exhibited encouraging outcomes of combustion eiciency and emission reduction. These additives likely catalyzed combustion, leading to more complete fuel burn and lower emissions. Additionally, the presence of nano-additives might have facilitated better fuel atomization and distribution within the combustion chamber, resulting in enhanced engine performance. The results indicate that adding nano-additives to biodiesel blends has significant potential for reducing environmental impact and enhancing engine longevity and efficiency. Moreover, the utilization of nano-additives represents a promising avenue for addressing the dual challenges of energy sustainability and environmental preservation. By harnessing the synergistic effects of nano-scale materials, such as aluminum oxide and cerium oxide, in biodiesel formulations, engineers and researchers can strive towards developing cleaner and more eicient propulsion systems. This holistic approach underscores the importance of cooperation across... Read More

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The current study is to test and analyze the performance of a compression ignition engine powered by a blend of hemp biodiesel and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nano additive, with a special emphasis on engine parameters. By incorporating the MWCNT nano additive into the hemp biodiesel blends, prospective improvements in engine efficiency, emission reduction, and overall engine performance is noted. The study of these engine characteristics provides vital information into the viability and application of using hemp biodiesel blends in diesel engines but also sheds light on the effectiveness and influence of the MWCNT nano additive on the engine's performance. Through a comprehensive experimental approach, including engine testing and data analysis, the effects of the hemp biodiesel-MWCNT nano additive blends on the engine's operation and functionality are studied. The findings from this study show that the incorporation of MWCNT in hemp biodiesel gives a significant enhancement in brake thermal efficiency and hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and smoke emission reduction but a mar... Read More

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This study investigates the potential of a hybrid nanofluid composed of MoS2 and ZnO nanoparticles dispersed in engine oil, aiming to enhance the properties of a lubricants chemical reaction with the Soret effect on a stretching sheet under the influence of an applied magnetic field. With the growing demand for efficient lubrication systems in various industrial applications, including automotive engines, the development of novel nanofluid-based lubricants presents a promising avenue for improving engine performance and longevity. However, the synergistic effects of hybrid nanoparticles in engine oil remain relatively unexplored. The present research addresses this gap by examining the thermal conductivity, viscosity, and wear resistance of the hybrid nanofluid, shedding light on its potential as an advanced lubrication solution. Overall, the objectives of studying the hybrid nanolubricant MoS2 + ZnO with engine oil aim to advance the development of more efficient and durable lubrication solutions for automotive engines, contributing to improved reliability, fuel efficiency, and env... Read More

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The study of lubricating oil is paramount for the optimal functioning of modern engines, and it has generated intensive research in the automotive industry. The aim is to improve the tribological properties of lubricants by including nanomaterials as additives in base oils. This article presents an exhaustive bibliographic review of the experiments carried out to optimize the tribological properties of nano-lubricants in order to identify the nanoparticles and experimental processes used and analyze the results obtained. The methodology adopted combines inductive and deductive elements. It begins with the formulation of a general theory on the application of nanoparticles in lubricants, followed by the collection of specific data on the conceptualization and preparation of nano-lubricants. A total of 176 articles focused on the application of nanoparticles in lubricants, especially to reduce the coefficient of friction, are reviewed. These works, with impact levels Q1 and Q2, delve into the application and are analyzed to review the obtained results. Most researchers worked with a na... Read More

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The performance of liquid lubricants employing nano-additives in minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) during the machining process has garnered significant attention in recent years. Nano-additives, due to their unique properties and characteristics, have demonstrated potential in enhancing the lubricating properties of conventional fluids used in MQL. These additives, typically ranging from nanoparticles to nanofluids, offer improved lubricity, reduced friction, and enhanced heat dissipation, thereby leading to better machining performance, extended tool life, and improved surface quality of machined components. By reducing the amount of lubricant used while maintaining or even enhancing performance, MQL with nano-additives not only addresses environmental concerns associated with excessive fluid usage but also contributes to cost savings and increased productivity in machining operations. However, challenges such as dispersion stability, compatibility with base fluids, and cost-effectiveness need to be carefully addressed to fully realize the potential benefits of incorporating nano-... Read More

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To determine the engine performance and emission parameters of diesel engine using diesel and bio diesel blends with nano additives.Blends of biodiesel of different proportions are prepared to which the Yttrium Oxide and Magnesium Oxide nano additives are added.Here Wheat germ Oil is taken as base oil with both the nano additives.The nano additives which are used here are of 30nm and are added to biodiesel in different proportions.The experiments were conducted on a single cylinder direct injection (4) stroke diesel engine.The fuel is used in diesel engine the performance is noted along with the emission characteristics.The experiments have been investigated for Carbon Monoxide(CO), Hydro Carbons (HC), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Oxygen (O2), NO, Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC), Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE).The variations are seen in above characteristics.All these are compared with Pure Diesel.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Although pure biodiesel is used in diesel engines, some challenges, such as higher density, lower cetane number, and lower calorific value, prevent it from completely replacing conventional fossil diesel. Therefore, the addition of compounds aimed at improving the biodiesel combustion process or improving its physicochemical properties is a fundamental issue in using them in pure form or in high proportions in engines, thereby maintaining the performance of such equipment. An alternative that has been studied in recent years is the addition of nanoparticles to biodiesel, which act as catalysts in the combustion process. This study examined in detail the influence of nanoadditives on the performance, combustion, and emissions characteristics of the CI engine. Furthermore, it will discuss the challenges and potential future directions in the utilization of nanoparticles to improve the use of biodiesel in CI engines. The reviewed articles show that the addition of nanoparticles to biodiesel can improve the thermal... Read More

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In this chapter, two main applications of nanomaterials in engines, named fuel additives and engine oil, are investigated under different conditions, such as fuel, engine oil, and nanoparticles type. Diesel and gasoline base fuel and Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) engine oils are considered base fluid, and different nanoparticles added to those are reviewed and discussed. The methodologies of preparing homogeneous and stable nanofluid are introduced, and the effect of nano-fuel and nano-lubricants on engine performance and emissions is discussed. As the main outcome, the best nanoparticle additives for the fuel were Al2O3, CuO, CNT, and CeO2, and the lubricant was TiO2 and Al2O3.

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Lubricant oils play a vital role in all areas with the purpose of reducing wear, smooth functioning of the system, reducing cutting temperature, absorbing heat, and overall improving machining efficiency. General impact of the commercial lubricant that has been used in automobiles has adverse effect on the environment. With the advancement in nanomaterials, the nanomaterials have proved to perform under extreme temperature and pressure and have shown some significance in the lubrication areas as well. With the growing demands of lubricant oil and the pollution caused by them, there has been a need for utilizing a lubricant oil that is available in abundance and at the same time trying to utilize the naturally available resource. In order to enhance its characteristic performance a small addition of nano compound is added to improve its performance and efficiency. As it is already proved that non-edible vegetable oils can effectively be used as a lubricant in machines for its smooth functioning. The present work focuses on collaborating the nano compound with the non-edible vegetable ... Read More

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Compression ignition (CI) engines are widely used in transportation and industry due to their reliability and high thermal efficiency. On the other hand, the use of CI engines coincides with the emission of harmful pollutants, and to address these problems, researchers were interested in studying the use of different types of fuel and additives, such as biodiesel, ethanol, and nanoparticles. Generally, there are increasing views that adding Nano-additives to fuel improves the thermo physical properties and helps enhance combustion characteristics. More so, the investment of Nano-fuel additives generally leads to premature combustion and accelerated ignition of the fuel charge inside the engine cylinder. What's more, the optimal amount of Nano fuel additives is associated with improvements in ignition characteristics and reduced exhaust emissions. This review concentrated on recent advancements in the use of nanoparticles, specifically different types from Nanoparticles, as a diesel fuel additive, including experimental and theoretical analyses. This study's findings can contribute to... Read More

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In this study, the formulation of nano lubricants is undertaken through the utilization of SAE20W40 engine oil and surface-activated praseodymium oxide (Pr 6 O 11 ). An analysis is conducted on the impact of concentration profile (0.1, 0.3, 0.5 wt.%) on various physio-chemical properties, including stability, viscosity, fire and flash point, calorific value, acid value, and iodine value of the nano lubricants. The wear rate and coefficient of friction are determined through the utilization of a pin-on-disc tribometer for all the synthesized nano lubricants. A comprehensive examination on the attributes of the synthesized nano lubricants is presented by means of informative images and graphs obtained from SEM, EDS, TEM, FT-IR, UV-Vis, and DSC. It is revealed that the lubricant oil containing 0.3 wt.% of Pr 6 O 11 demonstrates superior performance when compared to the base lubricant.

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This study investigates the potential of a hybrid nanofluid composed of MoS2 and ZnO nanoparticles dispersed in engine oil, aiming to enhance the properties of lubricant's chemical reaction with the Soret effect on stretching sheet under the influence of applied magnetic field. With the growing demand for efficient lubrication systems in various industrial applications, including automotive engines, the development of novel nanofluid-based lubricants presents a promising avenue for improving engine performance and longevity. However, the synergistic effects of hybrid nanoparticles in engine oil remain relatively unexplored. This research addresses this gap by examining the thermal conductivity, viscosity, and wear resistance of the hybrid nanofluid, shedding light on its potential as an advanced lubrication solution. By analyzing the dispersion stability and interaction mechanisms between nanoparticles and base oil, valuable insights are gained into the fundamental aspects governing the entertainment of hybrid nano lubricants. Overall, the objectives of studying hybrid nano ... Read More

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Abstract Friction and wear are unavoidable in mechanical movement. The use of lubricants with nano-additives can effectively reduce friction and wear, which is of great significance to saving energy and protecting the environment. At present, great progress has been made in the scientific research and industrial application of nano-additives for lubricants. This paper mainly introduces the types of nano-additives for lubricants (such as carbon nanomaterials, nano-metals, nano-oxides, sulfides, complexes, polymers, etc.), the tribological properties of lubricants with different components of nano-additives, and the lubrication mechanisms of the nano-additives (including tribofilm formation, rolling ball bearing effect, repairing effect, polishing effect, and synergistic effect). It also deals with the dispersion of nano-additives in lubricants and the influences of their particle size and microstructure on the tribological properties of lubricants. This review outlines the performance requirements of nano-additives in different lubrication states, discusses the use of nano-additives i... Read More

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Lubricants are indispensable components for alleviating friction and wear in mechanical components especially in automobile. However, due to its poor heat transfer capabilities, traditional lubricants are denatured under extreme working conditions, leading to lubrication failure during the friction process. Therefore, this study elaborately put forward to a novel MoS2/h-BN hybrid nanoparticle as efficient nano-additive for engine oil. The results of experiments and molecular dynamics simulation jointly show that compared with mono nanoparticles, hybrid nano-lubricants (NL) thermal conductivity was significantly improved than that of base oil owing to the synergistic effect. The corresponding mechanism for the improving heat transfer performance was suitably proposed based on the Mean Square Displacement (MSD) and Radial Distribution Function (RDF) results at the microscopic atomic level.

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Abstract In recent years, bio-lubricants have received a growing interest for industrial applications. Still, a full-scale implementation in machinery lubrication requires a thorough evaluation of their performance through tribological and operational tests to stand upon their performance. Additionally, the promising outcomes achieved by nanoadditives in improving the performance of synthetic lubricants have prompted research efforts to identify suitable nanoadditives for bio-grease. This paper introduces a bio-grease from a hybrid vegetable oil and glycerol monostearate as a thickener for the lubrication of rolling bearings. Activated carbon nanoparticles (ACNPs) as nanoadditives were synthesized, characterized, and incorporated into the bio-grease at concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 2% by weight. Tribo-tests were conducted on these bio-grease blends, and running tests were carried out using 6006 ball bearings on a custom test rig. Throughout a 30-min test run under a radial load of 10% of the bearings dynamic load rating, mechanical vibrations and power consumption were measured and ... Read More

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