Improved Cold Cranking Capacity of Lubricants

Viscosity index improver composition for lubricating oils, comprising a combination of two poly(meth)acrylates, one having a diol group and the other having a boronic acid ester group, which exhibit a unique temperature-dependent association behavior that maintains viscosity stability across a wide temperature range. The composition is particularly effective in lubricating oils used in automotive and industrial applications, where maintaining viscosity stability is critical for optimal performance and wear protection.

Source

Lubricating oil composition with improved low-temperature viscosity characteristics, comprising a specific copolymer (A) and a base oil (B), wherein the copolymer (A) is a propylene-based copolymer with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.45-2.3 dl/g and a glass transition temperature of -20 to 15°C, and the copolymer (A) is present in a concentration of 0.1-50 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the total composition.

Source

A lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines that achieves both excellent Low Speed Pre-Ignition (LSPI) suppression and fuel saving performance. The composition comprises a lubricating base oil and a metal-based detergent containing a calcium-based detergent with a specific boron-to-calcium ratio and a magnesium-based detergent within defined concentration ranges. The boron-to-calcium ratio in the calcium-based detergent is critical to achieving both LSPI suppression and fuel saving performance.

Source

Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines with improved fuel efficiency, comprising a lubricating base oil, magnesium salicylate, calcium salicylate, and a molybdenum-based friction modifier, optionally including anti-wear agents, antioxidants, and dispersants.

Source

Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines that combines high fuel efficiency with low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI) reduction. The composition comprises a mineral oil-based base oil with a specific viscosity range and magnesium salicylate as a metallic detergent, in a specific concentration range. The combination enables both improved fuel economy and reduced LSPI events in downsized turbocharged engines.

Source

Lubricating oil composition for reducing Low Speed Pre-Ignition (LSPI) events in direct injection-spark ignition engines, comprising a base oil, a calcium-containing detergent providing a calcium content of at least 0.08 wt.%, and a silicon-containing additive providing a silicon content of at least 12 ppm by weight. The composition can be used to lubricate the crankcase of the engine, reducing the occurrence of LSPI events.

Source

A lubricating oil composition for engines with low surface roughness, particularly suitable for hybrid and idling stop mechanisms, comprising a mineral base oil, a polymer with a weight average molecular weight of 100-15,000, and a molybdenum-based friction modifier. The composition has a kinematic viscosity of 35.0 mm2/s or less at 40°C, and the polymer content is 0.1-5.0% by mass. The molybdenum-based friction modifier contains two or more selected from binuclear molybdenum dithiocarbamate, trinuclear molybdenum dithiocarbamate, and molybdenum amine complex, and the molybdenum content is 50-2,000 ppm by mass.

Source

Lubricating oil compositions for internal combustion engines that exhibit improved oxidation, wear, and anti-corrosion characteristics. The compositions comprise a combination of additives, including functionalized olefin copolymers, sulfurized fatty acid esters, and other components, that work together to provide enhanced performance in gasoline and diesel engines. The compositions have specific properties, such as low sulfated ash content, high soot dispersancy, and controlled base number, that enable them to meet the demands of modern engines while minimizing environmental impact.

Source

Lubricant compositions for internal combustion engines, comprising a base oil and a dispersant viscosity index improver (DVI) additive, wherein the DVI is a functionalized, hydrogenated polymer of conjugated dienes, such as isoprene or butadiene, having a controlled molecular weight distribution and a functionality distribution of 3.5 or less. The polymer is selectively hydrogenated to produce a polymer with a molecular weight distribution of less than 2, and then functionalized with amide, imide, or ester groups. The lubricant compositions exhibit improved soot dispersancy, wear protection, and cleanliness in engine applications, particularly in compression-ignited engines.

Source

Lubricating oil compositions for heavy-duty diesel engines that exhibit improved friction characteristics and wear protection, comprising a base oil, detergent, and one or more metal alkanoates having a quaternary carbon atom at the 2 position and/or at the 2' position. The metal alkanoates are represented by the Formula (I): R1R2R3COOM, where R1, R2, and R3 are alkyl groups, and M is a metal ion. The compositions have improved wear protection, reduced friction, and low foaming properties, while maintaining a low total base number impact.

Source

A copolymer additive for improving low-temperature properties of middle distillate fuels, comprising units of formula (A) and dialkyl fumarate monomers of formula (D), that counteracts negative interactions between nitrogen-containing detergents and wax anti-settling additives, thereby preventing precipitation and sedimentation of waxes in fuels at low temperatures.

Source

Due to rapid depletion of natural resources, the cost of petroleum fuels continues to rise, making them unaffordable for the average person.This is especially true in the Indian context.Consequently, C.I. requires a variety of fuel alternatives.The value of engines is rising.The improvement of C.I.'s thermal efficiency is the subject of extensive research.Powerhouse of the High-Tech Industry.Only roughly one-third of the thermal energy from the fuel is transferred to meaningful work by even the most efficient engine; the other two-thirds are wasted as exhaust and coolant.If energy loss can be minimized, Engine performance will increase.Researchers and specialists agree on a number of approaches for improving Engine performance.The idea of a Low Heat Rejection (LHR) Engine is one of the most promising.By utilizing thermally insulated parts, the performance of the LHR Engine can be enhanced.These parts not only improve thermal efficiency but also reduce heat loss to the environment.Various insulations, including ceramic coating on the inner surface of the cylinder head and a 2mm air ga... Read More

Source

Low viscosity engine oil lubricant compositions that provide improved fuel efficiency and engine wear protection while maintaining low oil consumption over a broad temperature range. The compositions comprise a low viscosity and low volatility base oil that exhibits unexpectedly low evaporation rate compared to conventional base oil combinations with similar Noack levels. The engine oil lubricant compositions are particularly suitable for use in direct injection engines, gasoline engines, and diesel engines, and are particularly effective as OW-4, 0W-8, OW-12, and OW-16 viscosity grade engine oils.

Source

Comb copolymer viscosity modifiers for lubricating oils, comprising a hydrogenated polybutadiene-based (alk)acrylate ester macromonomer, a C3-C8 alkyl (alk)acrylate ester monomer, a C12-C24 alkyl (alk)acrylate ester monomer, and a C1-C18 alkyl-endcapped or C6-C20 aryl-, aralkyl-, or alkaryl-endcapped C2-C6 oxyalkyl or C2-C6 oligo(alkylene glycol)-based (alk)acrylate ester monomer. The copolymers exhibit improved low-temperature properties, high-temperature high-shear viscosities, and soot dispersancy, while maintaining shear stability and oil solubility over a broad temperature range.

Source

Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines that improves fuel efficiency, LSPI suppression, oil consumption suppression, and detergency in a well-balanced manner. The composition contains a mineral or synthetic base oil with specific viscosity and evaporation properties. It also has calcium borate and magnesium detergents, a poly(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver, and optionally a molybdenum friction modifier.

Source

A lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines that balances fuel efficiency, low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI) suppression, lubricant consumption reduction, and detergency. The composition comprises a base oil with a specific viscosity range and evaporation loss, calcium and magnesium detergents, zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, and an optional viscosity index improver. The calcium detergent is present in a specific concentration range to prevent LSPI, while the magnesium detergent maintains detergency. The zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate provides anti-wear protection.

Source

Lubricating compositions with improved cold thickening properties, comprising a specific comb polymer that enhances cold gelation performance, particularly in formulations with modified detergent chemistries. The polymer is derived from monomers with specific functional groups, including (meth)acrylates and (meth)acrylamides, and is used in amounts of 1-20% by mass in the lubricating composition.

Source

Lubricating oil composition for reducing low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI) events in turbocharged gasoline direct-injection engines, comprising a base oil and an additive composition prepared by mixing a calcium-containing detergent and a silicon-containing compound. The composition provides a significant reduction in LSPI events while maintaining corrosion protection and storage stability.

Source

A lubricating oil composition for gasoline engines that achieves high fuel efficiency while maintaining low friction and wear characteristics across a wide temperature range. The composition contains a base oil, metal-based detergents, and a combination of amine-based, ether-based, and ester-based friction modifiers. The molybdenum dithiocarbamate content is optimized to balance friction reduction and base number retention. The composition exhibits improved fuel efficiency, reduced friction, and enhanced wear protection compared to conventional lubricating oils.

Source

This article discusses the influence of lubricating properties of motor oils on the operation of engine parts. The quality of engine oils, especially lubricating indicators significantly affect the reliability of the engine, fuel consumption and other parameters. Therefore, high-quality selection and application of motor oils is very important.

Source

An additive composition for lubricating oils that combines a pour point depressant (PPD) and a viscosity index improver (VII) in a single component, enabling improved low-temperature performance and storage stability while eliminating the need for separate PPD and VII additives. The composition comprises a PPD polymer with a weight-average molecular weight of 100,000 to 1,000,000 g/mol, prepared from a monomer composition containing a polybutadiene-based macromonomer, and a VII polymer with a weight-average molecular weight of 100,000 to 1,000,000 g/mol, prepared from a monomer composition containing a mixture of monomers including styrene, butadiene, and alkyl(meth)acrylates. The combined PPD and VII polymer is prepared by mixing the two polymers in a specific ratio, resulting in a single additive component that can be easily incorporated into lubricating oil formulations.

Source

The article substantiates the need to intensify the process of oil cooling in the oil systems of aircraft turbojet engines. Currently, an increase in the thrust of turbojet engines is achieved by increasing the air pressure ratio in the compressor and the gastemperature in front of the turbine. However, an increase in thevalues of theseparameters leads to an increase inthe thermal loadof theengine elements,including rotor supports, which causes an increase in oil temperature. The oil systems of modern turbojet engines still use the same oils as several decades ago.Therefore, the intensification of the oil cooling process, which allows reducing its temperature, is the main way to preserve the lubricating properties.It is proposed to intensify the oilcooling process in the oil system of the bypass turbojet engine byinstalling an air-oil heat exchanger in the bypass duct.A thermal calculation of fuel-oil and air-oil heat exchangers has been carried out, the results of which show large values of the heat transfer coefficient when the oil is cooled by the bypass duct air

Source

A lubricating oil composition for hybrid vehicle engines that improves phosphorus retention and reduces wear. The composition contains zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) compounds derived from primary alkyl alcohols, with a zinc-to-phosphorus molar ratio of 1.270 or greater. This ZDDP formulation provides enhanced phosphorus retention and wear protection in hybrid engines operating at temperatures below 100°C.

Source

Abstract Despite the attention paid to components downsizing and down weighting, as well as to combustion control and exhaust gases after-treatment, friction reduction remains a promising area of intervention when it comes to the reduction of the environmental impact of internal combustion engines. The larger gain must be sought at cold starts, when the viscosity of the lubricant oil is higher and does not allow proper friction reduction. Moreover, during the first phases of engine operation, the metallic masses are not yet warm and do not contribute to the thermal stabilization of the lubricant. Further consequences of unfavourable thermal conditions are increased specific fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. Proper thermal management could effectively speed up the reaching of the design operating temperature of the oil and positively affect both homologation and on-road operation. The abundance of waste thermal energy during normal operation supports the option of on-board thermal storage for faster oil heating: water, heated by exhaust gases or residual thermal energy from pr... Read More

Source

Lubricating oil composition with low sulfated ash content for use in internal combustion engines, comprising a major amount of lubricating oil, one or more alkaline earth metal detergents, one or more nitrogen-containing dispersants, and up to 0.10 wt% zinc from zinc dithiophosphate. The composition has a sulfur content of up to 0.10 wt% and a sulfated ash content of up to 0.30 wt%, with a nitrogen-to-alkaline earth metal ratio of 20 or greater.

Source

A soot dispersant for lubricant fluids, particularly diesel engine oils, comprising an A-B type block copolymer with an A block that anchors to soot particles and a B block that is soluble in lubricant oil. The block copolymer provides improved soot dispersancy and stability compared to conventional dispersants, enabling reduced engine wear, improved fuel efficiency, and extended oil change intervals.

Source

Lubricating oil composition for industrial applications, particularly wind power generation, comprising an ethylene-α-olefin copolymer with a specific molecular weight distribution and ethylene content, combined with a Group III mineral oil base and additives including a pour point depressant, extreme pressure agent, friction modifier, antioxidant, and corrosion inhibitor. The composition provides a balance of low-temperature viscosity properties and shear stability, along with high thermal and oxidation stability and micro-pitching prevention performance.

Source

A lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines that achieves both low viscosity and excellent lubricity. The composition comprises a base oil, an organic molybdenum compound, and a specific calcium-based detergent, with a molybdenum-to-soap group ratio of 0.02 or more. The HTHS viscosity at 150°C is 1.3-2.3 mPa·s, and the kinematic viscosity at 100°C is 2.0-7.1 mm²/s.

Source

Lubricating oil composition for hybrid vehicles that exhibits excellent fuel consumption reducing properties and friction reduction at both high and low temperatures, while maintaining low evaporativity. The composition contains a base oil with a specific olefin-based polymer, a comb-shaped polymer viscosity index improver, and an organic molybdenum-based compound. The composition satisfies specific requirements for viscosity, evaporation, and friction reduction, making it suitable for hybrid vehicles that operate in a wide temperature range.

Source

A lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines that improves fuel economy retention, turbocharger efficiency, and reduces oil consumption. The composition contains a renewable base oil derived from C14-C20 olefins, which is hydroisomerized to achieve excellent viscosity, volatility, and additive solubility properties. The additive package has a sulfur content of up to 0.4 wt% and a sulphated ash content of up to 0.5 wt%, enabling low SAPS formulations that prolong exhaust after-treatment device life. The composition demonstrates improved engine performance retention over conventional lubricants, including fuel economy retention of at least 0.2% and oil drain interval capability of up to 360 hours.

Source

A mineral base oil for engine lubricants with improved low-temperature viscosity characteristics and high-temperature piston detergency. The oil has a kinematic viscosity of 2-7 mm^2/s at 100°C, a viscosity index of 100 or more, and a complex viscosity temperature gradient of 60 Pa·s/°C or less between -10°C and -25°C. The oil is used in a lubricating oil composition containing an olefinic copolymer, which provides improved viscosity-temperature characteristics without compromising high-temperature piston detergency.

Source

Lubricating compositions for internal combustion engines that combine the benefits of polyalphaolefin (PAO) and polyisobutylene (PIB) dispersants to achieve effective deposit control and cleanliness at low viscosity grades. The compositions comprise an oil of lubricating viscosity and a mixed dispersant additive package containing an acylated PAO-based dispersant and an acylated PIB-based dispersant, with a specific weight ratio of the two dispersants. This combination enables the formulation of low-viscosity engine oils that meet stringent fuel economy and performance requirements.

Source

A lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines, particularly hybrid electric vehicles, that maintains low-temperature fluidity even when contaminated with water. The composition comprises a lubricating base oil with a kinematic viscosity of 3.8-4.6 mm2/s at 100°C, and at least one additive, including a metallic detergent with a metal content of 1000-2000 mass ppm and a succinimide dispersant with a nitrogen content of 100-1000 mass ppm. The composition prevents degradation of low-temperature fluidity when water is present, thereby maintaining engine performance and fuel efficiency.

Source

Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines, particularly hybrid electric vehicles, that maintains low-temperature fluidity even when contaminated with water. The composition comprises a lubricating base oil with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of 3.8 to 4.6 mm2/s, and additives including a metallic detergent, a succinimide dispersant, and an antioxidant. The metallic detergent is present in an amount of 1000 to 2000 mass ppm in terms of metal content, and the succinimide dispersant is present in an amount of 100 to 1000 mass ppm in terms of nitrogen.

Source

A lubricating oil composition for automobile transmissions that achieves excellent shear stability, temperature viscosity properties, and low-temperature viscosity properties. The composition comprises a lubricant base oil and a liquid random copolymer of ethylene and α-olefin prepared by solution polymerization under a specific catalyst system. The copolymer has a molecular weight distribution that balances shear stability with temperature viscosity properties, enabling the composition to maintain its viscosity and lubricating performance over a wide temperature range.

Source

Engine performance deteriorates as the ambient temperature drops below 10 C. Fuel, engine oil, and battery are carefully selected for the efficient functioning of the engine in cold climates. The winter-grade fuels with better flowability and the ability to finely atomize when injected in order to burn the fuel efficiently are described. Then lubricating oils with flow improvers to reduce the oil viscosity and thereby lower the frictional losses and pumping loss are specified for easier cranking to start the engine.

Source

The results of tests of motor oils are presented in order to determine the effect of viscosity on changes in low-temperature properties. The tests were carried out with three different samples of engine oil, which are produced at the Omsk Lubricants Plant. For this purpose, such laboratory equipment as a cold scroll simulator (CCS) and a mini-motor viscometer (MRV) were used, operating at temperatures of minus 200C and minus 250C, respectively. The results of the experiments are investigated and conclusions are drawn.

Source

Base oils make up the majority of the content of engine oils and substantially impact the overall performance of the finished lubricant product. The oxidative and thermal stability of the base oil are critical factors in defining the quality of automobile lubricating oil. Thus, it is critical to understand the degrading behavior of base oils and engine oils. The oxidative and thermal stability of several base oils and engine oil were thoroughly investigated in this study. Three distinct types of base oil (base 1, 2 and 3) and motor oil were produced and physically characterized. The samples were dried in a drying oven at atmospheric pressure and 150 for 24 h. The impact of heat treatment on the samples oxidative stability was investigated using a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR). The thermogravimetric analysis was used to determine the samples thermal stability (TGA). The study was done in an inert atmosphere using nitrogen gas and a 10 min1 heating rate from 30 to 900 . The experimental results indicate that base oils and engine oil resisted oxidation since no ... Read More

Source

It is established that the quality of the engine start depends on the delay time of the supply of engine oil to the friction pairs of the engine, especially under conditions of negative temperatures, therefore pre-start thermal preparation of the engine is necessary. It is proposed to use thermal accumulators that do not require additional fuel consumption and electrical energy from standard accumulator batteries. Keywords: engine, start, temperature, rotation speed, wear, engine oil, delay, pumping, hydrothermal accumulator, thermal [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Source

A mineral lubricating base oil with improved low-temperature performance, derived from treated liquid gas oil (t-LGO) resulting from hydrocracking. The t-LGO is subjected to catalytic dewaxing and hydrofinishing to produce a base oil with kinematic viscosity of 9.0 cSt or less at 40°C, kinematic viscosity of 2.5 cSt or less at 100°C, and a pour point of −50°C or less. The base oil has a unique composition with a specific balance of naphthenic, aromatic, and paraffinic hydrocarbons, and is suitable for use in lubricant products requiring low-temperature performance.

Source

A lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines that combines friction reduction with low viscosity, enabling improved fuel efficiency. The composition contains a base oil, a molybdenum dithiocarbamate, an ester-based ashless friction modifier, and a metal salicylate, with specific concentration ranges for each component. The molybdenum dithiocarbamate content is at least 650 ppm, the ester-based friction modifier to molybdenum ratio is 5.0-10, and the metal salicylate content is at least 0.50%. This composition maintains friction reduction across a wide temperature range while meeting the stringent fuel efficiency requirements of modern engines.

Source

Abstract In order to rise to global challenges such as climate change, environmental pollution and conservation of resources, internal combustion engine manufacturers must meet the requirements of substantially reduced emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases, zero pollutant emissions and increased durability. This publication addresses approaches that can help improve engine efficiency and durability through the engine crankshaft bearing and lubricant system. An understanding of the operating behavior of key engine components such as crankshaft main bearings in fired engine operation allows the development of appropriate tools for bearing condition monitoring and condition-based maintenance so as to avoid critical engine operation and engine failure as well as unnecessary engine downtime. Such tools are especially important when newly developed low viscosity oils are employed. Though these oils have the potential to reduce friction and to increase engine efficiency, their use comes with a higher risk of accelerated bearing wear and ultimately bearing failure. The specific target ... Read More

Source

Purpose Depleting reserves of crude oils and their adverse environmental effects have shifted focus toward environment friendly and biobased lubricant base oils. Natural oils and fats act as good lubricants but they have low oxidation and thermal stability which makes them unsuitable for modern day uses. This paper aims to produce trimethylolpropane ester biolubricant from cottonseed oil and study the effects of its use in spark ignition (SI) engines. Design/methodology/approach In this work, cottonseed oil is converted to TMP lubricant by a two-step based catalyzed esterification. The lubricants thermophysical properties are then analyzed and a 20% blend with synthetic poly-alpha olefin is used in an spark ignition engine. Findings The produced lubricant has viscosity @100 o C of 4.91 cSt, a viscosity index of 230 and a flash point of 202 o C. When used as a 20% blend in a petrol engine, the rate of oil deterioration was reduced by 18%, however, the overall wear increased by 6.7%. However, this increase is offset by its improved environmental impacts. Originality/value In its curren... Read More

Source

A lubricating oil composition for reducing low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI) events in spark-ignited internal combustion engines, comprising a major amount of lubricating oil and minor amounts of performance enhancing additives, including a detergent additive comprising an oil-soluble basic organic acid salt containing at least magnesium and calcium as cations, wherein the organic acid is a hydroxy-benzoic acid or a sulfonic acid.

Source

A pour point depressant composition for improving the cold-flow properties of hydrocarbon oils, comprising an alkoxylated alkyl amine polyester formed by the reaction of a polycarboxylic acid and an alkoxylated alkyl amine. The composition can be used in low concentrations to effectively depress the pour point of hydrocarbon oils, including crude oils, distillate oils, fuel oils, and lubricating oils, and can also reduce the average wax particle size in these oils.

Source

A lubricant composition for automotive gears, axles, and bearings that achieves extreme pressure performance at lower sulfur content than conventional lubricants. The composition contains an oil of lubricating viscosity, a metal thiophosphate compound such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, and a non-metal phosphorous containing compound. The metal thiophosphate compound provides extreme pressure performance, while the non-metal phosphorous containing compound enhances antiwear properties. The composition can be used in place of sulfurized olefins, which can cause corrosion and odor issues, and can be formulated with lower sulfur levels than conventional lubricants.

Source

Comb copolymer viscosity modifiers for lubricant compositions, comprising a hydrogenated polybutadiene-based (alk)acrylate ester macromonomer, a C3-C8 alkyl (alk)acrylate ester monomer, a C12-C24 alkyl (alk)acrylate ester monomer, and a C6-C20 aryl, aralkyl, or alkaryl (alk)acrylate ester monomer, wherein the C12-C24 alkyl (alk)acrylate ester monomer and C6-C20 aryl, aralkyl, or alkaryl (alk)acrylate ester monomer collectively comprise at least 21 wt% of the repeat units. The comb copolymer viscosity modifiers exhibit improved shear stability, dispersancy, and viscosity index, particularly in lubricant compositions for passenger car, heavy-duty diesel, and marine diesel engines.

Source

Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines that achieves low evaporativity, excellent friction reduction, and good low-temperature viscosity characteristics. The composition contains a mineral oil with a complex viscosity of 150 Pa·s or less at -35°C, a comb-shaped polymer viscosity index improver, and a molybdenum-based friction modifier in a specific concentration range. The mineral oil is preferably a mixed oil with a complex viscosity of 15-150 Pa·s at -35°C, and the composition has a NOACK value of 10% or less.

Source

Polyalkyl(alk)acrylate comb copolymers for modifying viscosity and dispersancy in lubricating oil compositions, comprising specific repeat unit chemistries and contents. The copolymers are made by polymerizing hydrogenated polybutadiene-based (alk)acrylate ester macromonomers, C3-C8 alkyl (alk)acrylate ester monomers, C12-C24 alkyl (alk)acrylate ester monomers, and C1-C18 alkyl-endcapped or aryl-endcapped C2-C6 oxyalkyl-based (alk)acrylate ester monomers. The copolymers exhibit improved shear stability, dispersancy, and viscosity index, particularly in lubricating oil compositions for passenger car, heavy-duty diesel, and marine diesel engines.

Source

A method of reducing Low Speed Pre-Ignition (LSPI) in high-output spark-ignited engines by using a lubricating oil composition containing at least 0.2 mass % magnesium, based on total mass, calculated as sulfated ash. The composition preferably includes overbased magnesium detergents and may also contain phosphorus, molybdenum, and nitrogen-containing dispersants.

Source