Lubricant for Improved Internal Combustion Engine Fuel Efficiency

Lubricating oil compositions containing ionic liquids with Group 6 metal mononuclear metallate anions for improved anti-wear and anti-friction properties. The ionic liquids have cations like quaternary phosphonium, sulfonium, or ammonium, and anions with at least one metal sulfide bond. They can be used in lubricating oils for engine and machinery lubrication to reduce wear and friction compared to conventional additives like MoDTC. The ionic liquids can be combined with base oils and other additives to form lubricating oil compositions.

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Engine lubricating oil compositions that achieve both improved piston cleanliness and fuel economy in diesel engines. The compositions comprise a base oil with a viscosity index of less than 5.4 cSt at 100°C, a detergent system with a total base number (TBN) of at least 4 mg KOH/g, and a poly(meth)acrylate copolymer. The detergent system includes overbased calcium or magnesium sulfonates, and the poly(meth)acrylate copolymer has a select viscosity index and molecular weight. The compositions exhibit improved piston cleanliness in the CEC L-117-20 (VW TDi3) test and a fuel economy improvement of at least 0.5% in the JASO M 366 test.

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A lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines that achieves both excellent Low Speed Pre-Ignition (LSPI) suppression and fuel saving performance. The composition comprises a lubricating base oil and a metal-based detergent containing a calcium-based detergent with a specific boron-to-calcium ratio and a magnesium-based detergent within defined concentration ranges. The boron-to-calcium ratio in the calcium-based detergent is critical to achieving both LSPI suppression and fuel saving performance.

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Fuel additive made from natural materials that improves combustion and reduces fuel consumption and emissions in vehicles and boilers. The additive comprises a composition comprising water, mineral salts, a polyol compound, an alcohol, and a surfactant. The composition is derived from natural sources, particularly mineral salts from phosphate and alum sources, and is added to conventional fuels at concentrations of 0.1-0.2% w/w. The additive enhances combustion performance while maintaining fuel properties.

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Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines with improved fuel efficiency, comprising a lubricating base oil, magnesium salicylate, calcium salicylate, and a molybdenum-based friction modifier, optionally including anti-wear agents, antioxidants, and dispersants.

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Lubricating oil compositions for internal combustion engines that reduce abnormal combustion events such as knock, pre-ignition, and low-speed pre-ignition. The compositions contain high levels of abnormal combustion event inhibitors, including phosphorus, boron, molybdenum, and silicon compounds, and optionally low or no levels of promoters such as calcium and sodium compounds. The compositions can be used with conventional fuels, e-fuels, hydrogen, and co-blended fuels containing abnormal combustion event promoters.

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Lubricating oil composition for reducing Low Speed Pre-Ignition (LSPI) events in direct injection-spark ignition engines, comprising a base oil, a calcium-containing detergent providing a calcium content of at least 0.08 wt.%, and a silicon-containing additive providing a silicon content of at least 12 ppm by weight. The composition can be used to lubricate the crankcase of the engine, reducing the occurrence of LSPI events.

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A lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines that combines multiple molybdenum-based friction modifiers to achieve improved friction reduction while maintaining high-temperature detergency, oxidation stability, and copper corrosion resistance. The composition includes a base oil, a specific combination of molybdenum-based friction modifiers, a metal-based detergent, and an ash-free dispersant, with a carefully controlled acid value and sulfur-to-nitrogen ratio.

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Lubricating oil compositions for internal combustion engines that exhibit improved oxidation, wear, and anti-corrosion characteristics. The compositions comprise a blend of base oil and additives, including a functionalized olefin copolymer, a detergent, and an antioxidant, that provide enhanced performance in spark-ignited and compression-ignited engines. The compositions have a sulfated ash content of 0.9 mass % or less, a Mack T-11 final soot viscosity of 10% or more, and a total base number of 5 to 30 mg KOH/g.

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Automobile engines require lubrication to lessen the impact of friction due to the high levels of wear and frictional heat generated by the sliding parts. Wear and friction will cause engine parts to endure for less time, be less reliable, and require more maintenance. Diesel fuel can potentially be replaced with biodiesel among other fuels. Diesel engines have a serious problem with equipment that is lubricated by the fuel itself. This studys goal is to assess the influence of bio-additives on the diesel fuel tribological behavior and energy balance during the cars idle running, acceleration, constant speed, and braking. Lubricity issues with reformulated diesel and lubricity test procedures are explained. The relationship between tribology and bio-additives is also briefly illustrated. According to the literature, adding bio-additives to fuel boosts its lubricity. Biodiesel has long been considered an additive with excellent lubricant properties. Even in small amounts, adding biodiesel to diesel fuel can increase its lubricity without the need for conventional lubricity additives... Read More

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A lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines that achieves both low viscosity and excellent lubricity. The composition comprises a base oil, an organic molybdenum compound, and a calcium-based detergent, with a specific ratio of molybdenum to detergent-derived soap bases. This unique combination enables the formation of a robust oil film that maintains lubricity even at low viscosities, thereby reducing friction and wear in engine components.

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The development of environmentally friendly and cost-effective lubricating materials to reduce friction and wear at macroscale is crucial for reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emissions, thereby enhancing sustainability. Deep eutectic...

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Lubricants are used to reduce friction and wear in machines, saving billions of dollars worldwide in energy and breakdown costs and lowering CO2 emissions. Today, most lubricants are made using hydrocarbons derived from crude oil, which is a finite resource, although alternative bio-based lubricants are also being investigated, as is the re-refining of used lubricants to make new base oil. The machines. It is also shown that an effective way to make lubricants more sustainable is to extend lubricant oil drain intervals and collect used oil and re-refine it to make base oil for re-use. The role of bio-based lubricants, and their benefits and disadvantages are discussed. Other aspects in which lubricants can be made more sustainable are also briefly covered, such as lubricant packaging, the removal of toxic additives via improved regulatory chemistry, and the use of renewable electricity in blending plants.

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The two-stroke engine has many advantages, including low maintenance costs, a high specific power, and a simple structure, compared to four-stroke engines. Since two-stroke engines use a fueloil mixture instead of fuel alone, two-stroke engines do not need an oil pan. Unlike the lubrication system in four-stroke engines, the moving parts are lubricated with a fuellubricant mixture. As long as the engine is running, the fuel and lubricant burn together. The combustion of this fuellubricant mixture can adversely affect exhaust emissions and cause excessive carbon deposits on the spark plug. In this paper, experiments were carried out using different amounts of oil (100:3, 100:3.5, and 100:4 vol.) in a two-stroke gasoline-powered generator. In addition, we attempted to improve the lubricants properties by adding hBN (0.5% vol. or 1.3% wt.) to the lubricant. It was observed that the flash point and pour point did not change as a result of the addition of hBN to the lubricant, and the density and viscosity index increased linearly depending on the amount of hBN. In a series of experim... Read More

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A lubricating oil composition for hybrid vehicles that maintains emulsion stability in the engine by forming a stable emulsion with water and fuel contamination. The composition comprises a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity, a minor amount of a magnesium-containing detergent, and a minor amount of a borated dispersant. The magnesium-containing detergent is preferably a C14-C18 magnesium salicylate with a TBN of 345 mg KOH/g, and the borated dispersant is preferably a borated polyisobutylene succinimide. The composition is formulated to meet the modified ASTM D7563 test for emulsion stability in hybrid engines.

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The urgent need for drastic reduction in emissions due to global warming demands a radical energy transition in transportation. The role of biofuels is fundamental to bridging the current situation towards a clean and sustainable future. In passenger cars, the use of ethanol fuel reduces gas emissions (CO2 and other harmful gases), but can bring tribological challenges to the engine. This review addresses the current state-of-the-art on the effects of ethanol fuel on friction, lubrication, and wear in car engines, and identifies knowledge gaps and trends in lubricants for ethanol-fuelled engines. This review shows that ethanol affects friction and wear in many ways, for example, by reducing lubricant viscosity, which on the one hand can reduce shear losses under full film lubrication, but on the other can increase asperity contact under mixed lubrication. Therefore, ethanol can either reduce or increase engine friction depending on the driving conditions, engine temperature, amount of diluted ethanol in the lubricant, lubricant type, etc. Ethanol increases corrosion and affects tribo... Read More

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Low viscosity engine oil lubricant compositions that provide improved fuel efficiency and engine wear protection while maintaining low oil consumption over a broad temperature range. The compositions comprise a low viscosity and low volatility base oil that exhibits unexpectedly low evaporation rate compared to conventional base oil combinations with similar Noack levels. The engine oil lubricant compositions are particularly suitable for use in direct injection engines, gasoline engines, and diesel engines, and are particularly effective as OW-4, 0W-8, OW-12, and OW-16 viscosity grade engine oils.

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Lubricating oil composition for reducing low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI) events in turbocharged gasoline direct-injection engines, comprising a base oil and an additive composition prepared by mixing a calcium-containing detergent and a silicon-containing compound. The composition provides a significant reduction in LSPI events while maintaining corrosion protection and storage stability.

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A lubricating oil composition for gasoline engines that achieves high fuel efficiency while maintaining low friction and wear characteristics across a wide temperature range. The composition contains a base oil, metal-based detergents, and a combination of amine-based, ether-based, and ester-based friction modifiers. The molybdenum dithiocarbamate content is optimized to balance friction reduction and base number retention. The composition exhibits improved fuel efficiency, reduced friction, and enhanced wear protection compared to conventional lubricating oils.

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Fuel composition comprising a lubricity additive comprising at least 6% by weight of sterols and/or sterol esters and 70-94% by weight of free fatty acids, obtained by physical refining of vegetable or animal oils without alkaline treatment. The additive is derived from biomass and exhibits improved lubricity properties in diesel and gasoline fuels.

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