Improved Lubricant Pour Point

Abstract Previous research has revealed that introducing a secondary lubricating medium can temporarily enhance water-lubricated bearing performance, thereby reducing the risk of lubrication failure under challenging conditions. This study aims to identify the optimal injection point for the secondary lubricating medium and evaluates oil supply rate effects. Experiments are conducted using a block-on-ring test rig, complemented by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Three oil supply settings, upstream, inlet and outlet of the contact region, are compared. Results show that upstream oil supply led to a lower critical speed at which the added oil loses any effect compared to the inlet oil supply and outlet oil supply. The effect of oil supply rates on friction reduction varies among the oil supply settings and ring rotational speeds. In conclusion, the most effective oil supply setting positions the injector at the outlet of the contact region, outperforming placement at the entrance of the contact region.

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A lubricity modifier for oil products, comprising a compound having the structure of formula (I): R1-R2-C(=O)-N(R3)-C(=O)-R4, wherein R1-R4 are independently selected from alkyl, aryl, and alkylaryl groups, and R3 is a nitrogen-containing group. The compound exhibits good lubricity improving performance in various oil products and has good stability.

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Use of re-refined base oils in industrial lubricant formulations to improve oxidation stability and low-temperature performance. The re-refined base oils, derived from recycled used lubricants, are used in combination with conventional additives to create lubricants for industrial applications such as hydraulic, gear, and compressor oils. The re-refined base oils exhibit improved properties compared to virgin base oils, including higher viscosity index, lower viscosity at low temperatures, and enhanced oxidation stability.

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The paper describes an investigation of lubricants synthesized by thickening a dispersion medium consisting of silicone oil (PES-5) and poly--olefin oil (PAOM-12) with diureas of different compositions. The study revealed the effects of the compositions both of the dispersion medium and urea thickener, as well as their ratio in the lubricating formulation, on the major physicochemical properties of resultant greases. Increasing the content of the hydrocarbon component of the grease was shown to improve the physicochemical properties. Finally, the optimum grease composition was identified: introducing a polyurea thickener that contained diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate resulted in the synthesis of greases that had adequate operating characteristics and an improved wear performance.

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Abstract The use of lubricants is commonplace when drilling with water-based drilling fluids. They are less frequently applied when drilling with non-aqueous fluids, as the oil-based drilling fluid is thought to impart a high lubricity. With increased reach of the wells, lubricants are also applied in non-aqueous fluids (NAF) to reduce torque and drag at high angle, for extended reach and horizontal wells to improve drilling efficiency. However, the performance of these lubricants in NAF at extended periods of elevated temperature at downhole conditions is often inconsistent, thought to be hampered by ineffective metal binding and hydrolytic instability of the lubricant molecule. This requires frequent re-dosing and therefore higher cost to maintain performance. In order to identify a better-performing lubricant, it was necessary to better understand the fundamentals of lubrication in a drilling fluid. For example, what portion of the well contributes most to torque and drag? What is the frictional regime that dominates the lubricity between a drill pipe and its contact points? Looki... Read More

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An additive composition for lubricating oils that combines a pour point depressant (PPD) and a viscosity index improver (VII) in a single component, enabling improved low-temperature performance and storage stability while eliminating the need for separate PPD and VII additives. The composition comprises a PPD polymer with a weight-average molecular weight of 100,000 to 1,000,000 g/mol, prepared from a monomer composition containing a polybutadiene-based macromonomer, and a VII polymer with a weight-average molecular weight of 100,000 to 1,000,000 g/mol, prepared from a monomer composition containing a mixture of monomers including styrene, butadiene, and alkyl(meth)acrylates. The combined PPD and VII polymer is prepared by mixing the two polymers in a specific ratio, resulting in a single additive component that can be easily incorporated into lubricating oil formulations.

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Lubrication has remained an important aspect of machines maintenance and designs since time immemorial, yet the quest for improved lubricant for sustainable life of both equipment and environment continues to intensify. Many lubricants that is, research for a lubricant that is capable of providing maintenance of sustainable equipment without compromise to the environment is on the rise have been formulated and a lot of discoveries have been found in approaches toward enhanced and sustainable lubricants performance. Addition of foreign materials in nano quantity to fortify base oil properties for special purposes has also received greater attention in recent years. While this approach has yielded amazing results, concerns bordering on non-biodegradability of the mineral oils and safety of their additives to the environment equally continue to grow. This has escalated research interest in vegetable oils and their derivatives such as palm oil and other seed oils as a substitute toward limiting the consequences of improper disposal and eventual natural habitat degradation. A new approach... Read More

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Engine lubricants require specific physical and chemical properties to function effectively and extend the lifespan of engines. Coconut oil (CCO) is an abundant, renewable, and environmentally friendly bio-based stock that has the potential to be a viable alternative to conventional mineral oil-based lubricants. In this study, we investigated the potential of CCO as a lubricant and formulated different blends with additives to enhance its physicochemical characteristics. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), styrenated phenol (SP) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) were used as additives in varying concentrations. We evaluated the formulations for low pour point (PP), high viscosity index (VI) and total base number (TBN) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), viscometry, and titration methods (following ASTM D2270 and ASTM D289621 respectively). The formulated CCO was also tested for thermal, oxidative, and shear stability using thermogravimetric analysis and rheometry. The optimal formulation exhibited a PP reduction from 21 C to 6 C, improved VI from 169 to 206, and a TBN adjustment... Read More

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Conventional petroleum-based lubricants have numerous environmental and toxic issues related to their disposal. As a result, there is a growing interest in developing innovative environmentally friendly oils as lubricants. A novel apricot oil-based bio-lubricant was developed in the present research work. Its tribological performance was analysed using a four-ball tester compared with SAE 40 oil and blends of SAE 40 and developed bio-lubricant. A four-ball testing method (ASTM D4172) is a test for determining the wear-preventative features of a lubricant. It was observed that the optimum blend of SAE 40 and bio-lubricant had shown better extreme pressure performance than apricot oil-based bio-lubricant and SAE 40 alone.

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Adding pour point depressant (PPD) is one of the simple and high-efficiency methods to solve poor low-temperature flow performance of biodiesel-diesel blends, but the enhancing effect of polymeric PPDs is always influenced by the molecular structure. To explore the molecular structure-activity relationships, in this study, tetradecyl methacrylate-maleic anhydride (C14MC-MA), tetradecyl methacrylate-Itaconic anhydride (C14MC-IA) and tetradecyl methacrylate-citraconic anhydride (C14MC-CA) were synthesized and added into B20 (20 vol.% biodiesel +80 vol.% diesel). The enhancing effects of these different-structured copolymers on the low-temperature fluidity of B20 were compared. Results indicated that the enhancing effects of these copolymers were obviously affected by their molecular structure and polymerization ratios. The polar group imparted by acid anhydrides and the long side-chain alkyl group in methacrylic acid significantly enhanced the depressive effects, resulting in better fluidity at low temperatures for the synthesized polymers. Apart from the aldehyde group identical to th... Read More

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Abstract The impact of polycrotonaldehyde, extracted from the waste Yellow oil produced during the alkaline treatment of pyrogas at Shortan gas chemical complex, on its properties lubricants as a dispersed medium and a dispersed phase after it is added to them have been studied in this paper. It has been established that polycrotonaldehyde can be used as a dispersed phase in the production of lubricants. Based on the research results, it has been proven that the addition of 2.5% to 7.5% of polycrotonaldehyde in the production of lubricants gives a positive result. The lubricant prepared by adding 5% of polycrotonaldehyde as a dispersed phase had a penetration number of 271 and a dropping temperature of 119 C.

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Vegetable oil-based lubricants are environment-friendly options as against conventional lubricants. This paper discusses the synthesis as well as characterisation of esters from ricinoleic acid and sebacic acid whose main source is castor oil. Physicochemical properties, tribological study as well as oxidation study have been carried out for the esters. With the increase in ester chain length, extreme pressure properties, viscosity index and pour point has improved, whereas oxidation stability had a detrimental effect. The coefficient of friction for commercial base stocks was better than any of the studied esters.

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Derivatives of dimer fatty acids with low pour points, prepared by dimerizing fatty acids with >80% oleic acid content using a clay catalyst, followed by separation and derivatization of the dimer fatty acids. The derivatives, including esters, amides, alcohols, and alkanes, exhibit improved low-temperature performance and can be used as base oils or additives in lubricant compositions.

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Abstract The molecular structure of lubricating oil affects its lubrication properties, catalytic and hydrolytic stability, and anti-wear properties. Based on the idea of material genomics, researchers are trying to find the correlation between structural characteristics and functional performances of lubricating oil, but the correlation can only explore the influence weight of structural parameters on performance, it is also very important to research the influence mechanism. In this study, through quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations, (i) the spatial configurations of four typical ester lubricants with different chain length structures were studied, (ii) effects of active functional groups and charge distribution on the properties of the ester lubricants were discussed, and (iii) electronic transition and molecular orbital contributions were compared. The calculated results are expected to provide considerable support for theoretical research on the anti-wear and anti-oxidation mechanisms of ester lubricants and assist the rapid design, development and application of ... Read More

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Production and characterization of bio lubricating base oil from non-edible castor seed oil has been studied. Castor oil was extracted from castor seed by solvent extraction method. KOH catalyzed transesterification process was used to produce bio-lubricating oil. Ethanol was used as alcohol in the transesterification process. Optimum condition for bio-lubricating base oil production was 40% ethanol, 0.45% KOH at 75oC for reaction time of 90 min. and the yield was 98%. Important properties of produced bio-lubricating oil like acid value (0.58 mg KOH/g), flash point (235oC), density (0.890 g/cc), pour point (-15oC) and viscosity (131.90 and 16.5 cSt at 40 and 100 oC respectively) etc. were analyzed. The properties were found to be analogues to conventional commercial lubricating oil. This renewable base oil from castor seed could be an attractive and environment friendly alternative to base oil from petroleum sources. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 57(1), 7-14, 2022

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Synthetic lubricating oils have attracted more and more interests due to their unique advantages. There are main two synthetic lubricating oils, poly--olefins (PAOs) and synthetic esters, while they each have strengths and weaknesses due to their specific molecular structures. Here, linear polymer-based liquid lubricants were designed via a strategy of complementary advantages, by esterifying the hydrogenated hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HO-HPB-OH), with different saturated fatty acids (acetic acid, butanoic acid, octanoic acid and lauric acid). As lubricant base oil via overcoming one's weaknesses by acquiring others' strong points, ultralow friction and excellent wear-reduction performance were obtained with the proposed linear polymer-based liquid lubricants in comparison with the commercial PAO base oils, especially the dilaurate with the longer hydrocarbon chain length.

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A range of new pour point additives based on copolymers of maleic anhydride and alpha-olefins has been designed, that can be used to improve the low-temperature behavior of oil and almost all its derivatives. The data on the depression of the pour point temperature of oil and petrochemical products after doping them with the designed pour point depressants are submitted.

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Under limited lubricant supply condition, the lubrication of a slider bearing can be enhanced by discontinuous oil droplets on the lubrication track induced by poor surface wettability. This experimental finding is contrary to the general perception that strong surface wettability favors lubricating film build up. Theoretical lubrication models with the lubricant supply in the forms of oil droplets (Model ) and uniform oil layer (Model ) are established to clarify the odd experimental observation. Results show that oil supply in the form of droplets can achieve better lubrication performance than the uniform oil layer, which are correlated to the experimental finding. The mechanism is probably due to the early film pressure initiation when oil droplets enter the bearing contact.

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At present, with the development of modern technology, the requirements for lubricating oils, especially their viscosity-temperature, thermo-oxidative and lubricating characteristics, are becoming more stringent. In this aspect, the synthesis and study of esters of oxypropylated 2,2,5,5-tetramethylolcyclopentanol (TMCP) with cyclic fragments, active centers, multipolar ester groups is promising, have a certain scientific and practical significance.The esters were synthesized by the esterification reaction of oxypropylated TMCP with aliphatic monocarboxylic acids C4-C8, and their physicochemical, viscosity-temperature, thermal-oxidative and lubricating properties were studied. After determining the viscosity-temperature properties, it was established that they have a low pour point (minus 38-minus 430C), an average viscosity at 1000C (100 = 23.50-40.22 mm2/s), a high viscosity index (133-150 units) and flash point (305-3800C). When determining the thermo-oxidative stability of esters, it was found that they have low acid numbers after oxidation (2.51-3.28 mg KOH/g), corrosion of elec... Read More

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A mineral lubricating base oil with improved low-temperature performance, derived from treated liquid gas oil (t-LGO) resulting from hydrocracking. The t-LGO is subjected to catalytic dewaxing and hydrofinishing to produce a base oil with kinematic viscosity of 9.0 cSt or less at 40°C, kinematic viscosity of 2.5 cSt or less at 100°C, and a pour point of −50°C or less. The base oil has a unique composition with a specific balance of naphthenic, aromatic, and paraffinic hydrocarbons, and is suitable for use in lubricant products requiring low-temperature performance.

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