NOACK Volatility Control in High-Temperature Engine Oils

Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines that achieves both low kinetic viscosity and low volatility at high levels in the low temperature range, without containing olefin copolymers. The composition is designed using a specific formula that calculates the estimated value X of the change per unit time in evaporation loss, measured in a NOACK volatility test. The estimated value X is used to determine the optimal boiling point distribution of the base oil components, enabling efficient production of the lubricating oil composition.

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Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines that achieves both low kinematic viscosity in the low temperature range and low volatility at high levels. The composition contains a lubricating base oil with a viscosity of 2.7-4.1 mm^2/s at 100°C, and a content of components with a boiling point of 330°C or less of 3.2 mass% or less. The base oil contains specific constituents, including phenol-based antioxidants, and does not contain olefin copolymers.

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Degradation of engine oil can lead to a reduction in its effectiveness in reducing friction, which has a negative impact on engine durability and performance. This research examined in detail the physico-chemical and rheological properties of new and used motor oils, divided into three groups (A, B and C) and subjected to different driving distances (0 km, 4000 km and 7000 km). The main findings include: Progressive degradation of kinematic viscosity at 40C with increasing distance travelled, with greater degradation in group A. A similar degradation in kinematic viscosity at 100C, with Group A showing the greatest degradation, suggesting a loss of efficiency at higher temperatures. A progressive decrease in viscosity index with increasing distance travelled. Significant changes in the total acid number (TAN) and total base number (TBN) of the oil with increasing distance travelled, with the greatest decrease in TBN observed in group C, suggesting acidification of the used oil. A progressive decrease in the sulfur content of used oil compared to new oil, mainly in group C. A progre... Read More

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Abstract Aviation lubricating oil, as the blood of machine operation, plays an important role in the lubrication, cooling, cleaning, sealing, rust prevention, and other aspects of aeroengines, thereby ensuring the safe and stable longterm endurance of aeroengines under highspeed and hightemperature conditions. The thermal oxidation of aviation lubricating oil leading to decay is the most important factor causing lubricating oil failure, which will seriously affect the performance of aeroengines and endanger flight safety. Here, we comprehensively summarize the oxidation mechanism of aviation lubricating oil, factors affecting thermal oxidation of aviation lubricating oil, evaluation methods for thermal oxidation of aviation lubricating oil, and antioxidants that inhibit thermal oxidation of aviation lubricating oil. We hope that this review can enhance readers' understanding of the thermal oxidation of aviation lubricating oil, stimulate broader interest, and promote more exciting development in this promising field.

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When exposed to high surface temperatures, engine lubricating oils degrade and may form solid deposits, which cause operational issues and increase shutdown time and maintenance costs. Despite its being a common issue in engine operation, the information available on the mechanics of this phenomenon is still lacking, and the experimental data and conditions must be updated to match the improvements in both lubricant stability and engine efficiency. To this end, an experimental apparatus has been developed to study the mechanisms that lead to the degradation and deposit formation of lubricants at high temperatures. The apparatus is designed to operate at pressures up to 69 bar, surface temperatures up to 650 C, oil bulk temperatures up to 550 C, and flow rates of <14 mL/min. In this apparatus, the oil is cycled through a heated test section, and deposits accumulate on the heated surface. The time required for deposits to start accumulating under the test conditions is determined based on the recorded temperature traces, and collected oil and deposit samples may be analyzed to... Read More

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Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines that improves fuel efficiency, LSPI suppression, oil consumption suppression, and detergency in a well-balanced manner. The composition contains a mineral or synthetic base oil with specific viscosity and evaporation properties. It also has calcium borate and magnesium detergents, a poly(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver, and optionally a molybdenum friction modifier.

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Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines that maintains low friction characteristics even when using highly evaporative base oils with low viscosity. The composition includes a calcium borate-containing metallic detergent, such as calcium borate salicylate, in an amount of 500-1500 ppm calcium, and a molybdenum-based friction modifier. The base oil has a kinematic viscosity of 2.0-4.3 mm2/s at 100°C and an evaporation loss of 10-40% by NOACK method.

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Internal combustion engine (ICE) thermal management is the whole set of mechanisms to maintain the temperatures of the ICE structure and working fluids within optimized ranges. This chapter recalls the fundamentals of ICEs, highlighting the key points related to energy efficiency and thermal management analysis. It deals with engine cooling and heating and covers oil cooling, charge air cooling, and exhaust gas recirculation cooling, respectively. The chapter discusses the integration of the different heat exchangers inside the front-end module and provides a short overview of waste heat recovery technologies. For vehicles equipped with exhaust gas recirculation, part of the heat available in the exhaust gas is rejected in the exhaust gas recirculation cooling loop. Another heat source available onboard vehicle is the heat rejected in the charge air cooler system. The exhaust heat recovery systems are used to decrease the warm-up time of the engine coolant and oil.

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Abstract The evaporation and pro-ignition characteristics of the lubricating oil blending in the cylinder can bring a super knock for the high-efficiency gasoline engine. The evaporation characteristics of the lubricant/gasoline blending oil film were investigated experimentally under different thermal radiative heat flux, film thickness, and carrier material in a radiation device. The blending ratios of lubricant/gasoline oil film changed from 0% to 15%. Three stages of the blending oil film evaporation process were observed according to the different evaporation rates, namely, transient heating, equilibrium evaporation, and evaporation gel. During the transient heating stage, with the increase of gasoline blending ratio, oil film thickness, and radiative heat flux, the evaporation rate increases, while the evaporation rate decreases in the equilibrium evaporation stage. The evaporation rates in transient heating stage and equilibrium evaporation stages are reasonably predicted by using the proposed relationship model.

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Base oils make up the majority of the content of engine oils and substantially impact the overall performance of the finished lubricant product. The oxidative and thermal stability of the base oil are critical factors in defining the quality of automobile lubricating oil. Thus, it is critical to understand the degrading behavior of base oils and engine oils. The oxidative and thermal stability of several base oils and engine oil were thoroughly investigated in this study. Three distinct types of base oil (base 1, 2 and 3) and motor oil were produced and physically characterized. The samples were dried in a drying oven at atmospheric pressure and 150 for 24 h. The impact of heat treatment on the samples oxidative stability was investigated using a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR). The thermogravimetric analysis was used to determine the samples thermal stability (TGA). The study was done in an inert atmosphere using nitrogen gas and a 10 min1 heating rate from 30 to 900 . The experimental results indicate that base oils and engine oil resisted oxidation since no ... Read More

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The results of testing of motor oils for temperature resistance are presented, taking into account the thermal energy absorbed by the products of thermal degradation and evaporation. Method of research of lubricating oils for temperature resistance in the temperature range from 140 to 300 is described and includes the application of testing devices and control, such as a device for thermostating of the oils, photometer for direct electrophoretic oxidized oils and electronic scales. Linear relationships are established between the decimal logarithms of thermal energy absorbed by thermal destruction products and the decimal logarithms of thermal energy absorbed by evaporation products. It is established that the processes of thermal destruction begin after evaporation of the necessary mass of motor oil, that is, when the motor oils are thermostating, evaporation processes first take place, and after the accumulation of a certain amount of thermal energy, the concentration of the products of thermal destruction and evaporation is increased.

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The given article considers the problem of evaporation that becomes relevant with long-term storage of petrol in large-capacity tanks. Evaporation of oil products leads to a change in their physical and chemical properties. As a result of evaporation, the amount of light oil products is reduced. It leads to deterioration in engine performance. In this regard, it is difficult to start engines as fuel consumption increases and the service life is reduced, the fire hazard increases. Vaporizing light hydrocarbons pollute the environment. The purpose of this work is to identify effective, inexpensive and safe methods for reducing the evaporability of petroleum products, including gasoline when stored in tanks. Use of chemical additives as an inexpensive and efficient method of solution of gasoline evaporation problem is considered. The conclusion about the effectiveness of using chemical additives to fuels to reduce evaporability is justified. Conclusions have been drawn about the possibility of using surfactants as additives to reduce the evaporation of gasoline during long-term storage ... Read More

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Abstract In order to rise to global challenges such as climate change, environmental pollution and conservation of resources, internal combustion engine manufacturers must meet the requirements of substantially reduced emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases, zero pollutant emissions and increased durability. This publication addresses approaches that can help improve engine efficiency and durability through the engine crankshaft bearing and lubricant system. An understanding of the operating behavior of key engine components such as crankshaft main bearings in fired engine operation allows the development of appropriate tools for bearing condition monitoring and condition-based maintenance so as to avoid critical engine operation and engine failure as well as unnecessary engine downtime. Such tools are especially important when newly developed low viscosity oils are employed. Though these oils have the potential to reduce friction and to increase engine efficiency, their use comes with a higher risk of accelerated bearing wear and ultimately bearing failure. The specific target ... Read More

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A lubricating oil composition for improving fuel efficiency in internal combustion engines, comprising a base oil comprising a diester having a specific molecular structure, and a combination of additives including dispersants, detergents, antiwear agents, antioxidants, and foam inhibitors. The diester base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of 2.5-3.5 mm²/s and is used in an amount of 5-99 wt. % of the finished lubricant. The composition provides improved fuel efficiency and reduced evaporation loss in engines, particularly in low-viscosity engine oils.

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A lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines that balances low viscosity, low evaporation, and high temperature cleanliness while maintaining excellent oil film retention and compatibility with rubber materials. The composition comprises a base oil containing a specific olefin polymer, a viscosity index improver-derived resin, and an imide dispersant, with a kinematic viscosity of 5.0-7.1 mm^2/s at 100°C. The composition also includes a metal-based cleaning agent and a zinc dithiophosphate additive, with specific content ranges to optimize performance.

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The film thickness decay of grease-lubricated bearings is determined by a loss of lubricant from the bearing. One of these loss mechanisms is base oil evaporation. In this article, a model is presented for evaporation where the volatiles leave the bearing by breathing. The model is applied to a typical drive cycle where the temperature is varied in time. The impact of the volatility of base oils and quality of sealing on the evaporation losses can be quantified with this model.

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A lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines that balances fuel efficiency, low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI) suppression, lubricant consumption reduction, and detergency. The composition comprises a base oil with a kinematic viscosity of 3.0-4.0 mm2/s and a NOACK evaporation loss of ≤15%, along with specific levels of calcium and magnesium detergents, zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, and optionally a viscosity index improver.

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Abstract With the spread of lubricating oils, the usage of viscosity becomes more and more significant in various industries. This essay is used to determine the relationship between viscosity and the change of concentration and temperature to avoid problems during production process. This research uses the high-degree function and exponential function to simulate the change trend of viscosity due to the two variables. Through research, the author discovered the exponential relationship between the temperature as well as concentration and viscosity of lubricating oils and other complex fluids. Based on the results of this research, the enterprise can also avoid excessive wear of the machine and high waste in the production process.

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Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines, comprising a base oil and a poly(meth)acrylate with a specific molecular structure, wherein the poly(meth)acrylate contains a comb-shaped polymer with a particular molecular weight distribution and a glass transition temperature of 20°C or higher. The composition has a kinematic viscosity of 40°C KV of 4.0 mm²/s or more and 7.5 mm²/s or less, a Noack evaporation amount of 30% by mass or less, and a 40°C KV to 100°C KV ratio of 3.95 or less.

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Abstract Removing heat from an internal combustion engine is one of the most promising areas for the development of vehicles and heavy vehicles, especially. The article studies the influence of various parameters of the coolant and the parameters of the heat exchanger on the efficiency of heat transfer when removing heat from an internal combustion engine by an oil-liquid heat exchanger. The influence of diffuser-confusor effect on flow turbulization is considered. Literature analysis was carried out during the study. It raised such issues as: the issues of the efficiency of heat transfer from liquid to the wall under various conditions of the flow of the medium, the issues of changing the hydraulic regimes depending on the parameters of the medium, the issues of changing the parameters of the medium from the determining and secondary factors of heat transfer. The data on the influence of the temperature of various oils on their viscosity and density are presented. The influence of the state of the refrigerant on the efficiency of heat transfer is generalized. As a result of the an... Read More

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