Fuel Efficient Bio-Based Lubricant for Combustion Engine

Stabilizing biomass oils, like those produced by pyrolysis or hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass, through low-temperature hydrogenation using unsupported catalysts like molybdenum octoate. The hydrogenation is done at temperatures below 250°C to avoid catalyst deactivation issues. This stabilization reduces the aldehyde, ketone, and sugar contents of the bio-oils, making them suitable for further processing into fuels, combustibles, lubricants, etc. without coking issues.

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A biodegradable lubricant comprising an ester composition, calcium carbonate, and an overbased alkylbenzenesulfonate, wherein the alkyl group of the sulfonate is a C3-C30 alkyl group, and the lubricant is free of mineral oil and contains only esters as the oil component.

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Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines that improves fuel economy without using friction modifiers that can negatively impact engine performance. The composition contains specific additives like high overbased detergents, nitrogen-containing dispersants, and antioxidants. The lack of friction modifiers allows improved fuel economy by reducing engine component wear and deposit formation. The composition also has lower pour points and viscosities compared to conventional oils.

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A lubricant composition comprising a saturated hydrocarbon base oil derived from renewable biomass sources, such as plant oils, and a blend of additives that provide performance characteristics comparable to or exceeding those of conventional petroleum-based lubricants. The base oil is formulated from monomers and/or oligomers of C10-C18 olefin monomers, while the additive package includes a combination of synthetic esters, lubricant additives, friction modifiers, pour point depressants, antimicrobial preservatives, inhibitors, defoamers, and viscosity index improvers. The composition meets or exceeds 19 applicable American Petroleum Institute (API) certifications and demonstrates direct drop-in compatibility with current systems.

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A marine fuel base comprising a renewable component of fatty acid alkyl esters from plant or animal origin, blended with a hydrocarbon residue to improve viscosity, pour point, and stability. The esters are mixed with a residue such as vacuum or visbreaking residue in a specific ratio to achieve improved fuel properties, particularly in low-temperature applications. The fuel base can be further blended with petroleum-based fluxants to meet specific requirements.

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It is well known that lubricating oils reduce the friction coefficient between two surfaces in contact. Since petroleum lubricants are toxic and have a low biodegradability, they are typically not appropriate for the environment. As a result, as public worries about a pollution-free environment grow, so does the demand for lubricants that are acceptable to the environment. The primary rationale for utilizing vegetable oils in forthcoming bio-lubricant formulations is their high lubricating performance, low toxicity, sustainable, and biodegradability. Plant oils hold great potential as a foundational fluid for bio-lubricants, since their synthetic and vegetable oil-based esters provide the most environmentally friendly option for creating lubricants. In this study, Jatropha and Jojoba raw oil were chemically modified via epoxidation followed by transesterification to produce bio-lubricants. Thus, the aim of this work is to develop a bio-lubricant from jatropha and jojoba methyl ester, further adding nanoparticles multiwalled nanotubes and titanium dioxide for improvement of tribologic... Read More

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It is well known that lubricating oils can reduce the coefficient of friction between two contacting surfaces. Owing to their poor biodegradability and toxicity, petroleum lubricants are typically deemed unacceptably harmful to the environment. These oils have a significant negative impact on both human and plant life and contaminate air, soil, and drinking water. Consequently, the public's concerns about a pollution-free environment are growing along with the demand for ecologically friendly lubricants. Because of their superior lubricity, biodegradability, viscosity-temperature properties, and low volatility, plant oils hold promise as basis fluids for lubricants. In the current work, jatropha and jojoba oil were converted into bio-lubricants by chemical modification processes such as transesterification and epoxidation using H2SO4 and HCl catalysts. The kinematic viscosity of jatropha ester increases by 12.93 and 123.22%, and that of jojoba ester increases by 15.91 and 104.24% at 32 and 90 C, respectively, when the concentration of the catalyst is increased from 0.3 to 0.9 ml for... Read More

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A lubricant composition for internal combustion engines that provides improved oxidation stability and reduced wear on engine components. The composition comprises a bio-based oil base stock, an alkylated naphthalene, and a combination of additives including an ashless antiwear agent, a nonionic detergent, and an antioxidant. The composition has a phosphorus content of 0.05 mass % or less, a sulfur content of 0.05 mass % or less, and an ash content of 0.5 mass % or less. The composition exhibits improved oxidation stability, as measured by a 200% viscosity increase time of 200 hours to 1,600 hours in the Sequence IIIE screener test.

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Lubricants, commonly utilized in machinery to minimize friction, typically stem from petrochemical or mineral origins. Concerns over the environmental impact of mineral-based lubricants have spurred exploration into biodegradable alternatives. Vegetable oils present promising biodegradability and rheological traits at elevated temperatures, albeit exhibiting deficiencies in cold flow properties. The environmental ramifications of conventional lubricants, coupled with oil source depletion, have fueled demand for renewable and biodegradable lubricants. Biolubricants offer several benefits over mineral oil lubricants, including superior biodegradability, minimal toxicity, excellent lubricating capabilities, and limited adverse effects on both the environment and human health. Compressors are devices that raise a gas's pressure by using mechanical force. Vacuum pumps are compressors that produce vacuum by operating under suction pressure. In these applications, lubricants serve as a liquid seal, lubricate moving components, such as bearings and gears, and dissipate heat. Given that the l... Read More

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The present paper illustrates the results of an experimental study aimed at evaluating the effect of lubricant oil features on the emissive behaviour of a heavy duty spark ignition engine fuelled with methane. The activity was performed within a research project between CNR-STEMS and TotalEnergies in which oils with different formulations were characterized, focusing on their potentiality in particle emission reduction. Considering the ultralow particle emission level in the exhaust of gas engines, a specific testing procedure was designed to guarantee highly reliable and accurate results. In particular, the engine was operated under transient conditions, along the World Harmonized Transient Cycle in cold- and hot-start conditions. The results of the test campaign clearly highlight that the lubricant formulation is a key technology for the control of particles, revealing this as an important aspect in view of the upcoming severe regulation limits on particle emissions. The experimental findings show the capability of reformulated oils to drop down the total particle number to 6070% ... Read More

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A chemically stabilized lubricant and coating composition comprising medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) and propylene glycol esters, which provide a non-toxic, biodegradable, and stable alternative to traditional petroleum-based lubricants. The MCT-based composition exhibits exceptional oxidative stability, lubricity, and corrosion protection, making it suitable for a wide range of applications including household lubrication, cleaning, and surface coating.

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Lubricants aid in decreasing friction between surfaces in proximity, which in turn lowers the heat produced as the surfaces move. They are composed of 80% to 90% of base oils and 10% to 20% of additives that impart properties like antiwear, corrosion inhibition, pour point depression, etc. Petroleum-based lubricants are attributed to low biodegradability and toxicity. Demand for lubricants based on edible and nonedible plant oils or other renewable resources that are good for the environment is rising because of their enhanced lubricity, nontoxicity, and biodegradability. Biolubricants are synthesized by modifying plant oils chemically, by transesterification, estolide formation, epoxidation, etc. This chapter is intended to inform readers about renewable feedstocks for biolubricant production, comparison of physicochemical properties with petroleum-based lubricants, current scope, advantages, and challenges of biolubricant production in the future.

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Diesel and petrol fuels with high renewable content, comprising a combination of renewable components such as biodiesel, bioethanol, and hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), along with solketal, a glycerol-derived compound. The fuels exhibit improved stability, reduced soot emissions, and enhanced performance characteristics, including increased energy density and lower viscosity. The solketal component enables the use of biodiesel with elevated moisture content and improves the overall stability of the fuel blend.

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Automobile engines require lubrication to lessen the impact of friction due to the high levels of wear and frictional heat generated by the sliding parts. Wear and friction will cause engine parts to endure for less time, be less reliable, and require more maintenance. Diesel fuel can potentially be replaced with biodiesel among other fuels. Diesel engines have a serious problem with equipment that is lubricated by the fuel itself. This studys goal is to assess the influence of bio-additives on the diesel fuel tribological behavior and energy balance during the cars idle running, acceleration, constant speed, and braking. Lubricity issues with reformulated diesel and lubricity test procedures are explained. The relationship between tribology and bio-additives is also briefly illustrated. According to the literature, adding bio-additives to fuel boosts its lubricity. Biodiesel has long been considered an additive with excellent lubricant properties. Even in small amounts, adding biodiesel to diesel fuel can increase its lubricity without the need for conventional lubricity additives... Read More

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The development of environmentally friendly and cost-effective lubricating materials to reduce friction and wear at macroscale is crucial for reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emissions, thereby enhancing sustainability. Deep eutectic...

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Long-term testing is crucial for evaluating renewable and non-carbon fuels for engines, ensuring compatibility and assessing their performance for extended periods. This is especially pertinent as researchers explore the addition of higher ethanol, hydrogen and ammonia content in gasoline as potential fuel additives. The paper extensively reviews the long-term effects of various fuels on engine deposits, wear, and lubricating oil. Studies indicate that biofuel blends can pose challenges in the long run, leading to increased deposits, engine wear, and lubricating oil degradation. However, some studies highlight the favorable impact of biofuel blends, due to their oxygenated nature. For instance, deposit formation in diesel-fuelled constant-speed engines was significantly lower than in JO5 and JO10-fuelled engines (512 h duration). Similarly, KB20-fuelled engines exhibited approximately 15.3 % higher deposit formation than diesel-fuelled engines (274 h duration). The oxygen content and superior lubrication properties of biodiesel blended fuels help in better combustion process and redu... Read More

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Biodiesel is a substitute for diesel fuel and is highly required to control global warming and reduce dependence on limited petroleum reserves. Replacement of diesel fuel is unavoidable due to the depletion of oil reserves and environmental threats to existing life on the earth. This study used single-cylinder, four-stroke Compression Ignition (CI) engines for experimental work. An endurance test was conducted on the engine using diesel fuel (D100) and biodiesel blended fuel for 105 hours at 1300 rpm. During the endurance test, a multi-elemental of lubricant oil was conducted. It was found that the average wear concentration in lubricant oil was lower in biodiesel blended fuel than in diesel fuel. In this regard, elemental reduction was observed as AL (38.8%), Cr (67.7%), Fe (58.2%) and Mn (17.89%), respectively. Besides this, higher viscosity and density of lubricant oil were observed on B30 compared to D100. Furthermore, engine performance was determined and resulted from low brake thermal efficiency in diesel compared to biodiesel. The engines noise was also calculated during ope... Read More

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A fuel composition for controlled-ignition engines, particularly high-performance engines, comprising a blend of hydrocarbons including aromatic compounds, non-cyclic paraffins, and naphthenes, with a high intrinsic octane number of at least 105 RON. The composition is formulated from renewable sources, such as bioethers and bio-butane, and is suitable for use in competition vehicles and other high-performance applications.

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Lubricants are used to reduce friction and wear in machines, saving billions of dollars worldwide in energy and breakdown costs and lowering CO2 emissions. Today, most lubricants are made using hydrocarbons derived from crude oil, which is a finite resource, although alternative bio-based lubricants are also being investigated, as is the re-refining of used lubricants to make new base oil. The machines. It is also shown that an effective way to make lubricants more sustainable is to extend lubricant oil drain intervals and collect used oil and re-refine it to make base oil for re-use. The role of bio-based lubricants, and their benefits and disadvantages are discussed. Other aspects in which lubricants can be made more sustainable are also briefly covered, such as lubricant packaging, the removal of toxic additives via improved regulatory chemistry, and the use of renewable electricity in blending plants.

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The two-stroke engine has many advantages, including low maintenance costs, a high specific power, and a simple structure, compared to four-stroke engines. Since two-stroke engines use a fueloil mixture instead of fuel alone, two-stroke engines do not need an oil pan. Unlike the lubrication system in four-stroke engines, the moving parts are lubricated with a fuellubricant mixture. As long as the engine is running, the fuel and lubricant burn together. The combustion of this fuellubricant mixture can adversely affect exhaust emissions and cause excessive carbon deposits on the spark plug. In this paper, experiments were carried out using different amounts of oil (100:3, 100:3.5, and 100:4 vol.) in a two-stroke gasoline-powered generator. In addition, we attempted to improve the lubricants properties by adding hBN (0.5% vol. or 1.3% wt.) to the lubricant. It was observed that the flash point and pour point did not change as a result of the addition of hBN to the lubricant, and the density and viscosity index increased linearly depending on the amount of hBN. In a series of experim... Read More

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