Oxidation Stability of Bio Lubricant Engine Oil

Lubricant compositions containing aralkyl substituted diphenylamine antioxidants that exhibit improved oxidation characteristics and/or viscometric properties in internal combustion engine applications. The compositions comprise a diphenylamine antioxidant comprising aralkyl substituted diphenylamine and a polar diluent having an aniline point of 0°C or less, and at least two available hydrogenbond acceptor groups that are 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 atoms apart. The combination of the polar diluent and diphenylamine antioxidant is clear after 150 hours at 20°C in a clear glass container without agitation.

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Demand for liquid fossil fuels like diesel and gasoline is rapidly increasing owing to the ever-growing world population, apart from their associated environmental consequences and their availability is getting limited day by day. The biofuels like bioethanol and biodiesel can be used to solve these problems with additional advantages and a cleaner environment. Several oils/fats are used to produce biodiesel as a substitute of petrodiesel, but due to their unavailability in bulk quantity and poor quality, biodiesel production still is a challenge. To overcome this challenge, the concept of mixed oils can be employed, which helps to cut the reliance on any individual oil. There is a lack of reviews that discuss the existing research for biodiesel properties produced from mixed oil. Hence, this review paper explores the effect of the fatty acid composition on physicochemical properties (constituent oils and resultant biodiesel), when two or more oils are blended for biodiesel production. The aim here is to define the selection criteria for choosing the mixed oils (two or more) to yield... Read More

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Globally there is a huge attention towards natural products and in this case natural antioxidants. The attention has been driven by consumer demands and documented detrimental effects of synthetic antioxidants on human health. In view of this, this review has evaluated a range of scientific studies and experimental investigations providing a comprehensive analysis of oxidation related phenomena in a variety of edible oils used in the food industry. By systematically and deeply evaluating the mechanisms, effectiveness and potential limitations of synthetic and natural antioxidants, the review contributes valuable insights into the ongoing debate surrounding the application of natural and synthetic antioxidants in the food and culinary sectors. The findings of the review aids in unravelling the complex interactions between antioxidants and edible oil stability as well as highlighting the impacts of antioxidants on the nutritional quality and shelf life of edible oils. Evidence from the reviewed studies indicates that natural antioxidants may hold the solution to vegetable oils stabilit... Read More

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A chemically stabilized lubricant and coating composition comprising medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) and propylene glycol esters, which provide a non-toxic, biodegradable, and stable alternative to traditional petroleum-based lubricants. The MCT-based composition exhibits exceptional oxidative stability, lubricity, and corrosion protection, making it suitable for a wide range of applications including household lubrication, cleaning, and surface coating.

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Aminophenol antioxidants for inhibiting oxidation of natural oils and materials derived therefrom, such as biodiesel and biolubricants. The antioxidants, represented by Formula I, provide excellent protection against oxidation while maintaining the properties of the natural oil-derived materials. They can be added to biodiesel and biolubricants to prevent degradation and maintain performance characteristics.

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Bio-lubricants are becoming important alternative to mineral oil based lubricants due to growing international concerns about environmental pollution associated with the use and disposal of mineral oil based lubricants. Vegetable oils are nowadays considered as viable bio-resource and promising candidates for the development of bio-based lubricants. As a result, more than 95% of world bio-lubricant is produced from edible oils such as groundnut oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, canola oil, palm oil and palm kernel oil. This has affected price, production, uses and availability of these oils for human consumption and brought serious competition between food and lubricants. It is also believed that large-scale production of bio-lubricant from edible oil may bring global imbalance to food supply and demand market. In order to overcome this devastating phenomenon, researches have shifted focus to non-edible oils which are very economical comparable to edible oils and potentially offer greatest opportunities in the longer term for effective lubricant production. Intensive review of recent r... Read More

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Extensive demand of natural resources has resulted in several large-scale unintentional hydrocarbon oil spills and environmental catastrophes due to the rising demand for fossil fuel energy. These hydrocarbon pollutants have effect on environment and human health. Spectrophotometric and Biochemical Methods are used for the research. Soil sample were collected from two different contaminated areas and used engine oil, the bacteria were isolated and tested for evaluation of bacterial growth and biodegradation by enrichment technique using Bushnell Hass broth with used engine oil as sole carbon source. The results show that Pseudomonas specie were capable of degrading used engine oil which remove 80% of the oil and Bacillus specie which remove 65% of the used engine oil. This illustrates that hydrocarbon biodegrading bacteria can be used for remediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soil.

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Sunflower oil is an oil that is prone to oxidation due to its chemical structure and prevention of such oxidation is widely studied.This study assessed the the effectiveness of -glutamyl cystein (GC, GC) and glutathione (GSH), in preventing oxidation of sunflower oil stored at 50C for a period of 15 days.TBHQ was used as a positive control while no additive oil selected as a negatif control.Oxidation level indicators such as peroxide (PV), free fatty acidity (FFA), p-anisidine (p-AV) but also total oxidation (Totox), colour (L*, a*, b*) and fatty acid profile were determined.At the end of storage, oxidation in sunflower oil was substantially reduced by 40 mg/L of GC.Analysis with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) resulted in the following order of IC50; T (0.080.01),BHA (0.130.03),GC (0.30.01), GSH (0.410.00),BHT (0.420.02).The samples resistance to the generation of primary and secondary oxidation products was T>GCT>GC>GSHT>GSH>C for up to 15 days under storage conditions.The fatty acid profile analysed by GC/MS further demonstrated that these thiols outperformed the cont... Read More

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Engine oil oxidation is one of the major reasons for oil aging which can result in variations in the physical and chemical properties of oil. Organic acids generated by oil oxidation can react with water to form inorganic acids and acidic substances (including organic and inorganic acids) that corrode engine parts, resulting in the generation of rust or damage to engine parts. This is one of the important reasons why oil should be regularly changed. One of the most commonly applied methods for judging the aging degree of engine oil is monitoring its acid number (AN). However, generally, the effect of oil water content on acid value measurement is not considered. When oils are used in engines, they are often contaminated by water due to condensation, which accelerates engine oil aging. Therefore, it is crucial to explore the water content effect on AN in the process of engine oil aging. In this research, a water content sensor was applied to characterize moisture content in oxidized oil samples. The sensor could also obtain oil sample electrical conductivity which corresponded to its ... Read More

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Abstract This article focuses on the quenching properties of vegetable and animal oils, including toxicity and biodegradability of vegetable/animal oils. The article provides a detailed discussion on the oxidation of vegetable/animal oils. The addition of antioxidants to stabilize soybean and palm oils is discussed, and the article concludes that substantially better performance is required if vegetable oils are to be effective functional equivalents to petroleum oil formulations. This may be done by selecting different vegetable oil compositions with less unsaturation, by applying genetic modification of soybean seed oils, or by chemically modifying and stabilizing the vegetable oil structure.

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This study is motivated by the fact that the vegetable oils are being considered as the fuel of the future for the internal combustion engines, especially the compression ignition engines which are working with diesel as fuel. Different approaches for using the vegetable oils in CI engines as fuel are either to modify the oils to match with that of diesel to run successfully with these oils. Fuel additives are compounds formulated to enhance the quality and efficiency of the fuels used in motor vehicles. There are several benefits associated with the use of fuel additives. Di-tert butyl peroxide (DTBP) is effective for enhance the quality and efficiency of the fuels used in CI engine. The investigation was to check the feasibility of di-tert butyl peroxide as an additive in different blends of diesel and jetropha bio-diesel on engine performance. The short-term tests on an unmodified diesel engine were conducted using the bio diesel and di-tert butyl peroxide blends (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 100 per cent and 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 per cent) with diesel. The engine performance a... Read More

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Abstract Aviation lubricating oil, as the blood of machine operation, plays an important role in the lubrication, cooling, cleaning, sealing, rust prevention, and other aspects of aeroengines, thereby ensuring the safe and stable longterm endurance of aeroengines under highspeed and hightemperature conditions. The thermal oxidation of aviation lubricating oil leading to decay is the most important factor causing lubricating oil failure, which will seriously affect the performance of aeroengines and endanger flight safety. Here, we comprehensively summarize the oxidation mechanism of aviation lubricating oil, factors affecting thermal oxidation of aviation lubricating oil, evaluation methods for thermal oxidation of aviation lubricating oil, and antioxidants that inhibit thermal oxidation of aviation lubricating oil. We hope that this review can enhance readers' understanding of the thermal oxidation of aviation lubricating oil, stimulate broader interest, and promote more exciting development in this promising field.

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Oxidation of vegetable oils is a phenomenon that alters the nutritional value of the oil and produces unpleasant flavors, it is also the main factor limiting the quality of vegetable oils during storage. Synthetic antioxidants (SA) are known for their performance to improve vegetable oil oxidative stability. However, owing to their harmful effects on human health, the edible oil industry is seeking safe and healthy natural antioxidants. Indeed, such natural antioxidants, recovered from different plant matrices, demonstrate a potential effect, even better than SA in some cases, to preserve oils from oxidation and to satisfy consumer demand for natural foods. The enrichment of these oils using antioxidants from natural sources is proposed as a solution. Starting with a literature search using enrich, oxidation, shelf-life, extract, antioxidant, and aromatic and medicinal plant as keywords, the present paper provides a detailed overview of all extraction techniques for bioactive compounds and possible methods for enriching vegetable oil mentioning the advantages and drawback... Read More

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Vegetable oils as bio-lubricants have poor oxidation stability due to the unsaturated fatty acids in their composition. The oxidation in bio-lubricants can occur because they are exposed to heat, light, and oxygen. In this research, clove oil was used to reduce oxidation in vegetable oils. The effects of blending clove oil (0, 5, and 10% wt) with virgin coconut oil (VCO), hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO), and palm oil that have been exposed to oxygen for 30 days have been investigated. Viscometer and pin-on-disk tests were used to determine the physical and tribological properties of the bio-lubricants. The results show that the addition of clove oil to these oils could reduce the oxidation process. It was indicated by the reduced percentage increase in the dynamic viscosity of 10% wt clove oil in VCO of around 5.41% for 30 days. Results of wear rate indicated that the effect of adding clove oil to VCO and HCO was better than that of palm oil, where the wear rate of VCO and HCO decreased with an increasing clove oil composition. Meanwhile, their coefficients of friction were only affec... Read More

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Several scientific studies have warned that the ingestion of dietary lipid oxidation products (LOPs) may initiate or exacerbate the development of several chronic non-communicable diseases in humans. Indeed, the constantly increasing consumption of culinary oils by larger global populations indicates the need for scientific techniques to suppress the evolution of LOPs in thermo-oxidised oils. This study employed a 600.13 MHz frequency NMR spectrometer in evaluating the effect of 10, 50, and 100 ppm concentrations of chemical compounds reported to have antioxidant properties in continuously-stirred and thermally stressed polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich hemp seed oil at a frying temperature of 180 for 180 min. Research data acquired showed that the antioxidants - and -tocopherol, -oryzanol, -carotene, eugenol, resveratrol, ascorbyl palmitate, gentisic acid, and L-ascorbic acid all played a vital role in suppressing the evolution of secondary aldehydic lipid oxidation products in hemp seed oil. However, the most ineffective LOP-suppressing agent was L-lysine, an observation ... Read More

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A major problem that limits the use of biodiesel is maintaining the fuel at the specified standards for a longer period. Biodiesel oxidizes much more easily than diesel, and the final oxidation products change its physical and chemical properties and cause the formation of insoluble gums that can block fuel filters and the supply pipes. This instability of biodiesel is a major problem and has not yet been satisfactorily resolved. Recently, the use of biodiesel has increased quite a lot, but the problem related to oxidation could become a significant impediment. A promising and cost-effective approach to improving biodiesels stability is to add appropriate antioxidants. Antioxidants work better or less effectively in different biodiesel fuels, and there is no one-size-fits-all inhibitor for every type of biodiesel fuel. To establish a suitable antioxidant for a certain type of biodiesel, it is necessary to know the chemistry of the antioxidants and factors that influence their effectiveness against biodiesel oxidation. Most studies on the use of antioxidants to improve the oxidative ... Read More

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The oxidative stability of vegetable oils has been introduced as a critical factor that affects on its quality, shelf life, and nutritional value. In this study, the Rancimat method was analyzed for investigation and comparing the oxidative stability of crude and refined vegetable oils. The induction period, representing the time taken for significant oxidative degradation to occur, has been used as a key parameter to evaluate the oxidative stability. The oxidative stability of different types of vegetable oils, including sunflower, rapeseed, soybean, and cottonseed oil, was studied at various stages of processing: water degummed and neutralized oil. The induction period (IP) and protection factor (PF) were used to assess the oils resistance to oxidation. The data showed that crude oil had the highest oxidative stability, with a PF of 1.89 for rapeseed, 2.13 sunflower, 2.3 for soybean and 1.95 for cottonseed oils, compared to water degummed oil. Neutralized oil showed improved oxidative stability, with a PF of 1.16 for rapeseed oil and 1.57 for soybean oil, but reduced stability with... Read More

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Lubricants are used to reduce friction and wear in machines, saving billions of dollars worldwide in energy and breakdown costs and lowering CO2 emissions. Today, most lubricants are made using hydrocarbons derived from crude oil, which is a finite resource, although alternative bio-based lubricants are also being investigated, as is the re-refining of used lubricants to make new base oil. The machines. It is also shown that an effective way to make lubricants more sustainable is to extend lubricant oil drain intervals and collect used oil and re-refine it to make base oil for re-use. The role of bio-based lubricants, and their benefits and disadvantages are discussed. Other aspects in which lubricants can be made more sustainable are also briefly covered, such as lubricant packaging, the removal of toxic additives via improved regulatory chemistry, and the use of renewable electricity in blending plants.

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A process for producing renewable alkenes from glyceride-containing feedstocks, such as palm oil fatty acid distillate (PFAD), through a combination of esterification, thermal separation, and metathesis reactions. The process involves esterifying the feedstock to form fatty acid esters, which are then thermally separated into unsaturated and saturated fractions. The unsaturated fraction is then subjected to metathesis with short-chain alkenes to produce renewable alkenes, such as 1-decene, and fatty acid-derived esters. The saturated fraction can be further processed through ketonization and hydrotreatment to produce renewable base oils and fuels.

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Lubricating oil composition with improved processability and reduced environmental impact, comprising a base oil derived from biomass and an oily agent selected from esters and alcohols, with a measured bio-based content of 20% or more. The composition may further include a phosphoric ester and a polyalkylene glycol, and exhibits enhanced lubricating properties and compatibility with mechanical components.

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