Improve Low Temperature Performance of Bio-Lubricants

Biodegradable chain bar lubricant for chainsaws that can be used in cold weather without solidifying and in hot weather without breaking down. The lubricant composition contains a blend of naturally occurring and partially hydrogenated triglycerides optimized for pour point. The winter version has >60% oleic acid, <5% stearic acid, and <35°C pour point. The summer version has <50% oleic acid. Other additives like viscosity modifiers, tackifiers, pour point depressants, and anti-wear agents complete the formulation.

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Lubricating oil composition with improved low-temperature viscosity characteristics, comprising a specific copolymer (A) and a base oil (B), wherein the copolymer (A) is a propylene-based copolymer with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.45-2.3 dl/g and a glass transition temperature of -20 to 15°C, and the copolymer (A) is present in a concentration of 0.1-50 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the total composition.

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Abstract Cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication systems (MQL) combine the high cooling effect of cryogenic media and the resource-efficient lubricating effect of an MQL. However, for efficient use, the cooling and lubrication properties must be precisely matched to the respective application and the load case that occurs. This article presents a tribological approach that enables the quantification of the coefficient of friction and the thermal load in frictional contact. This has shown that the use of a cryogenic MQL can significantly reduce both friction and the temperatures that occur.

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Abstract The growing concern and limitations for existing lubricants have driven the need for biolubricants, extensively proposed as the most suitable and sustainable lubricating oils. Biolubricant refers to lubricants that quickly biodegrade and are non-toxic to humans and aquatic habitats. Over the last decade, there has been a significant increase in the production of biolubricants due to the rising demand for replacing petroleum-based lubricants with those derived from renewable sources like vegetable oils and lipase that are used in various applications. In this study biodiesel (FAME) produced from blending animal fats and waste cooking was used as a raw material with ethylene glycol for biolubricant production using a transesterification reaction in the presence of calcium oxide which considers the newest and novel part as there is no production of biolubricant from animal fats and waste cooking oil in previous researches. The reaction parameters of biolubricant production were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) with the aid of Box Behnken Design (BBD) to study ... Read More

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Lubricants, commonly utilized in machinery to minimize friction, typically stem from petrochemical or mineral origins. Concerns over the environmental impact of mineral-based lubricants have spurred exploration into biodegradable alternatives. Vegetable oils present promising biodegradability and rheological traits at elevated temperatures, albeit exhibiting deficiencies in cold flow properties. The environmental ramifications of conventional lubricants, coupled with oil source depletion, have fueled demand for renewable and biodegradable lubricants. Biolubricants offer several benefits over mineral oil lubricants, including superior biodegradability, minimal toxicity, excellent lubricating capabilities, and limited adverse effects on both the environment and human health. Compressors are devices that raise a gas's pressure by using mechanical force. Vacuum pumps are compressors that produce vacuum by operating under suction pressure. In these applications, lubricants serve as a liquid seal, lubricate moving components, such as bearings and gears, and dissipate heat. Given that the l... Read More

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A chemically stabilized lubricant and coating composition comprising medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) and propylene glycol esters, which provide a non-toxic, biodegradable, and stable alternative to traditional petroleum-based lubricants. The MCT-based composition exhibits exceptional oxidative stability, lubricity, and corrosion protection, making it suitable for a wide range of applications including household lubrication, cleaning, and surface coating.

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Lubricants aid in decreasing friction between surfaces in proximity, which in turn lowers the heat produced as the surfaces move. They are composed of 80% to 90% of base oils and 10% to 20% of additives that impart properties like antiwear, corrosion inhibition, pour point depression, etc. Petroleum-based lubricants are attributed to low biodegradability and toxicity. Demand for lubricants based on edible and nonedible plant oils or other renewable resources that are good for the environment is rising because of their enhanced lubricity, nontoxicity, and biodegradability. Biolubricants are synthesized by modifying plant oils chemically, by transesterification, estolide formation, epoxidation, etc. This chapter is intended to inform readers about renewable feedstocks for biolubricant production, comparison of physicochemical properties with petroleum-based lubricants, current scope, advantages, and challenges of biolubricant production in the future.

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Bio-based upcycled oils synthesized from renewable feedstocks for cosmetics and lubricants applications. The oils are branched hydrocarbons with carbon numbers of 11 to 33, made by hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of biomass-derived precursors containing furan rings. The process involves catalytic HDO reactions in flow reactors to efficiently convert the precursors into the desired oils with high yields. The resulting bio-based oils have similar properties to conventional cyclic silicones and mineral oils but are fully renewable and sustainable. They can replace petroleum-based oils in cosmetics and lubricants to provide a more environmentally friendly alternative.

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Lubricants must exhibit good tribological behavior at low temperatures to ensure reliable startups in very cold regions. This study investigates the performance of lubricants, with a specific focus on their capacity for high-temperature lubrication and ensuring reliable low-temperature startup in engines. Experiments were conducted to assess the friction and wear characteristics of polydiethylsiloxane in conjunction with a Si3N4 ball and M50 (8Cr4Mo4V) steel across a temperature range of 80 C to 25 C. The results indicate that the coefficient of friction, as determined through friction and wear tests at various temperatures, remained below 0.1. As temperatures progressively decreased, the systems friction coefficient increased, and wear volumes recorded at 25 C and 60 C were 9749.513 m and 105.006 m, respectively, culminating in lubrication failure at 100 C. This failure is primarily attributed to the increased viscosity and decreased mobility of polydiethylsiloxane at extremely low temperatures. Additionally, the reduced temperature increases the strength of the quenche... Read More

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In recent years Bio-lubricants much desired in numerous applications in machineries due to their renewable characteristics, which have high biodegradable nature and produce fewer pollutants compared to mineral-based lubricants. Thus, in this paper, the effect of bio-lubricant (Cucurbita Pepo L. seed oil) on wear and friction characteristics in pin on disc tester is studied and compared with commercially available lubricant SAE20W40. Tests were conducted at different loads of 10 N, 50 N, 100 N, 150 N and 200 N at a constant speed of 3 m/s for 60 min to evaluate the behaviour of friction coefficient (COF) and wear at a temperature of 28C and 100C. It is observed from the results that, the COF decreases whereas, the wear increases with the rise in temperature and load. Cucurbita pepo L. seed oil (CPO) resulted in a lower wear rate in comparison to commercial SAE20W40. Wear scars on the surface lubricated with SAE20W40 show a rougher surface compared to the pin lubricated with CPO at both lower temperature (28C) and higher temperature (100C). This shows that CPO has better lubricity ... Read More

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Bio-lubricants are the future of lubricants as a substitute for mineral lubricants; however, bio-lubricants have drawbacks, such as poor thermal-oxidative stability. In addition, during the friction process, the temperature of the lubricant increases, so the lubricant must have good thermal conductivity to conduct heat to the environment. To combat the drawbacks of bio-lubricants, some additives have been used to improve their performance as lubricants. Composites of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/MXene and Span 60 as surfactants were used as additives in CPO with different compositions. The physicochemical properties of the addition of CMC/MXene and Span 60 in CPO have changed, including kinematic viscosity, TAN, thermal conductivity, and fatty acids, which have a positive impact on lubrication performance in terms of reducing oxidation processes and increasing thermal conductivity. From fatty acid composition tests and FTIR analysis, the additives work to suppress the oxidation process. A pin-on-disk test was performed to evaluate the tribological performances of bio-lubricants. The... Read More

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Fuel composition comprising renewable diesel and one or more low temperature enhancing additives selected from: (a) a reaction product of a polycarboxylic acid having at least one tertiary amino group and a primary or secondary amine; (b) a reaction product of secondary amines and a copolymer of an α,β-unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydride and an α-olefin; and (c) a reaction product of a polycarboxylic acid having at least one tertiary amino group and a primary or secondary amine, wherein the additives improve the low temperature properties of the fuel composition.

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Lubricating base oil mixtures for infinitely variable transmissions that balance high elastohydrodynamic (EHD) shear strength with excellent low-temperature performance and minimal impact on traction coefficients. The mixtures comprise a blend of at least two isomers of hydrogenated linear alpha-methylstyrene (AMS) dimers, specifically 2,4-dicyclohexyl-2-methylpentane (HLD) and 1,4-dicyclohexyl-4-methylpentane (HLD isomer).

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Friction and lubrication are ubiquitous in all kinds of movements and play a vital role in the smooth operation of production machinery. Water is indispensable both in the lubrication systems of natural organisms and in hydration lubrication systems. There exists a high degree of similarity between these systems, which has driven the development of hydration lubrication from biomimetic to artificial manufacturing. In particular, significant advancements have been made in the understanding of the mechanisms of hydration lubrication over the past 30 years. This enhanced understanding has further stimulated the exploration of biomimetic inspiration from natural hydration lubrication systems, to develop novel artificial hydration lubrication systems that are cost-effective, easily transportable, and possess excellent capability. This review summarizes the recent experimental and theoretical advances in the understanding of hydration-lubrication processes. The entire paper is divided into three parts. Firstly, surface interactions relevant to hydration lubrication are discussed, encompass... Read More

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Bio lubricants derived from biomass can lessen the carbon footprint of production, lubrication, and energy production.When nanoparticles (NPs) additives are used, the performance improvement from the usage of bio-lubricant is more pronounced.This brief review highlights the key characteristics of current bio lubricants and the argument for utilizing sustainable bio lubricants that may be produced from agricultural feed stock with the potential to replace conventional mineral oil products.There is a need to shift to waste-derived oils and conduct research on alternative sources of bio-products to address the challenges of the lubricant/food competition, even though existing studies on bio lubricants have primarily focused on the use of vegetable oils and some non-edible oils.Most NPs additives combined with bio-lubricant, according to the literature, have the potential to reduce wear and friction.Furthermore, it was discovered that the NPs mechanisms during operations were responsible for the friction and wear reduction from nanofluids application.As a result, sliding contact was conv... Read More

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As countries prioritize climate change concerns, promoting the use of new environmentally friendly working fluids has become a common goal for the industry. In thermal systems, lubricants come into contact with these working fluids and directly affect their utilization efficiency. Therefore, investigating the effect of lubricant mixing on the physical properties of process media is essential to promote the adoption of new environmentally friendly working fluids. This paper categorizes and organizes recent research literature on working fluids and lubricants. It was aimed to comprehend the effect of lubricants on the operating characteristics of working fluids. By comparing the research methods and experimental equipment utilized in previous studies, this work analyzes the variation of basic physical properties, including miscibility, solubility, viscosity, and gas-liquid phase equilibrium. In addition, the effects of lubricant mixing in terms of heat exchange characteristics, additives, and material compatibility are also summarized. These findings provide a reference for achieving o... Read More

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To increase the driving range of electric vehicles (EVs) and to make them less dependent on fossil-based technology, it is important to switch to new types of lubricants with low friction and renewable origin. During the past couple of decades, researchers found that glycerol, which is biodegradable and nontoxic, can provide superlubricity even under high contact pressure with rough surfaces. Glycerol can also be used as a coolant for EVs to increase the efficiency of the electric motors. This chapter gives a summary of the tribological performance of different contacts, i.e., steel-steel, steel-diamond-like carbon (DLC), DLC-DLC, steel-self-lubricating materials, and steel-ceramic, which are lubricated by glycerol.

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The development of environmentally friendly and cost-effective lubricating materials to reduce friction and wear at macroscale is crucial for reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emissions, thereby enhancing sustainability. Deep eutectic...

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The paper presents the results of studies aimed at defining the effect of the cooling properties of oil lubricants used in various metalworking processes. The design and a brief description of the installation are given, which allows to obtain temperature-time, temperature-velocity dependencies of various liquids. The use of this installation gives the opportunity to select lubricants according to its cooling properties, depending on the temperature range required by the process. The assessment results of lubricant cooling properties at UZS-2 installation, manufactured according to the requirements of international standards ISO 9950, ASTM D6200 - 01 and ASTM D6482 06 are presented. The dependences of tribo-engineering properties of the tested oil lubricants on their cooling characteristics are found out. It is shown that with an increase in the temperature at which the maximum cooling rate of the lubricant is provided, its extreme pressure and anti-wear properties determined according to GOST on a four-ball friction machine increase.

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The non-renewability and and non-biodegradability of petroleum based lubricants as well as the environmental impacts their waste contributes to the environment has caused the search for a substitute for precursor of lubricant formulation. The food security issue has caused major concerns on how vegetable oil could replace petroleum based product lubricants. This paper reports the feasibility studies of kinematic viscosity, friction and wear properties of treated used cooking palm oil as precursor for development of new bio-lubricant. The treated used cooking palm oil displayed a comparable value of kinematic viscosity of 43.6cSt, coefficient of friction of 0.126 and 122m which is almost similar to the value of fresh cooking palm oil. Treated used cooking palm oil is seen to be a suitable candidate for precursor of bio-lubricant formulation, However, some additives may need to be added as to increase the tribological properties for treated used cooking oil to be used as a bio-lubricant.

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