Surface coating preparation demands precise control over multiple physical and chemical parameters. Current industrial coating processes face challenges with adhesion strength, uniformity across substrates, and maintaining consistent film thickness - typically ranging from 10-200 microns depending on application requirements. Environmental conditions during preparation, including temperature and humidity, significantly impact coating quality and curing times.

The fundamental challenge lies in balancing coating durability and functional properties while maintaining process efficiency and environmental sustainability.

This page brings together solutions from recent research—including modified chitosan-PVA compositions for enhanced water resistance, emulsion-based preparations using natural stabilizers, biodegradable nanoparticle-enhanced coatings, and multi-functional primer systems. These and other approaches provide practical guidance for optimizing coating preparation methods across different substrate materials and end-use requirements.

1. Method for Emulsifying Palm Wax with Chitosan for Single-Layer Coating on Food Packaging Papers

ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2024

A one-step method to prepare a multifunctional and environmentally friendly coating for waterproof and oil-proof food packaging papers. The coating is made by emulsifying palm wax using chitosan as the emulsifier, stabilizer, and antibacterial agent in a weak acid solution. The emulsion is then coated onto the paper and dried to create a single-layer coating that provides both waterproof and oil-proof properties. This avoids the need for double-layer coatings and reduces costs and production difficulties compared to conventional methods.

2. Biodegradable Coating Comprising Octadecyltrichlorosilane and Silica Nanoparticles for Paperboard Water Repellency

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (INDIAN SCHOOL OF MINES) DHANBAD, 2024

Biodegradable water-repellent coating for paperboard packaging materials that can make paperboard materials repel water like superhydrophobic surfaces without altering biodegradability. The coating is prepared by mixing octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) and silica nanoparticles in a solvent. The coating is applied to paperboard packaging materials by spraying or immersion. This coating improves water repellency, self-cleaning, stain resistance, and durability compared to existing coatings. The coating process is simple, eco-friendly, and requires no pre/post-treatment.

3. Method for Producing Modified Chitosan-PVA Coating Solution and Coated Packaging Material

UNIVERSITY INDUSTRY FOUNDATION YONSEI UNIVERSITY WONJU CAMPUS, 2024

A method for producing a coating solution containing modified chitosan and PVA with improved water resistance, durability, and antibacterial properties, and a method for producing a packaging material coated with this modified chitosan-PVA coating. The method involves chemically modifying chitosan to create a modified chitosan solution, then mixing it with PVA solution at a weight ratio of 7:3 to 5:5 to prepare the coating composition. This modified chitosan-PVA coating provides enhanced water resistance, durability, and antibacterial properties compared to PVA alone.

4. Concentrated Surface Treatment Composition with Water-Soluble Packaging and Customizable Mixing Components

SWIMC LLC, 2023

A concentrated surface treatment product that can be mixed with water by the end user before application. The concentrated product contains a combination of clay, modified acrylic, defoamer, microbiocide, xanthan gum, polyethylene wax, dye, coalescent, and rheology modifier. It can be packaged in water-soluble packets or as a dry powder, reducing storage and transportation size compared to ready-to-use products. Mixing the concentrated treatment with water allows customization of color and consistency, and prevents separation issues.

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5. Surface Printing Primer Composition with Acrylic Resin Emulsion, N-Oleoyl Sarcosine, Hydrazine Compound, and Wax for Flexible Packaging

SAKATA INKS, 2023

Surface printing primer composition for flexible packaging that improves properties like solid uniformity, bleeding resistance, abrasion resistance, alcohol resistance, and heat resistance when inkjet images are printed on top. The primer contains an acrylic resin emulsion with specific solid content and glass transition temperature range, N-oleoyl sarcosine, a hydrazine compound with multiple hydrazine groups, and wax. The primer composition allows excellent inkjet image quality and coating film properties compared to conventional primers. It can be used in conjunction with water-based inkjet inks to create surface printed materials with superior properties like solid uniformity, bleeding resistance, abrasion resistance, alcohol resistance, and heat resistance.

6. Primer Composition with Acrylic Resin Emulsion, N-oleoyl Sarcosine, and Multivalent Hydrazine Compound for Flexible Packaging

SAKATA INX CORP, 2023

A primer composition for surface printing on flexible packaging that improves durability and heat resistance when used with water-based inkjet inks. The primer contains an acrylic resin emulsion, N-oleoyl sarcosine, and a hydrazine compound with multiple hydrazine groups. The acrylic resin emulsion has a glass transition temperature between -40 to 30°C. The primer composition provides excellent solid uniformity, smudge resistance, abrasion resistance, alcohol resistance, and heat resistance when printed on flexible packaging and then inkjet printed on top of it.

7. Coating Film with Metal Oxide and Fluorinated Compound Composite Particles for Water and Oil Barrier

NIPPON AEROSIL CO LTD, TOYO ALUMINIUM KABUSHIKI KAISHA, 2021

Water and oil barrier coating film that provides reliable water and oil repellency for surfaces like packaging materials, textiles, and structures. The coating contains composite particles with metal oxides and fluorinated compounds. The metal oxide particles have specific fluorine and carbon surface coverages to optimize water and oil resistance. The composite particles are formed by coating metal oxide beads with a fluorinated resin. The coating film is applied to the surface of the product to prevent water and oil ingress.

8. Coating Composition with Polyolefin Resin, Silylated Polyolefin, and Compatibilizer for Liquid Repellency in Packaging Materials

TOPPAN PRINTING CO LTD, 2021

Liquid repellent coating composition for preventing adhesion of contents like liquids, semi-solids, and gels to the inner surfaces of packaging materials. The composition contains a polyolefin resin, a silylated polyolefin with incompatible polyolefin sites, and a compatibilizer with sites compatible with both the polyolefin resin and silylated polyolefin. This allows the silylated polyolefin to disperse and localize on the surface of the coating instead of clumping, improving liquid repellency compared to using just the silylated polyolefin. The coating composition can be used to form a liquid repellent layer on packaging materials like films, laminates, and containers to prevent sticking of contents.

9. Food Packaging Coating Comprising Polymer with Acid Groups and Polyoxazoline Compound

PPG INDUSTRIES OHIO INC, 2020

Coating food and beverage packaging with a formula that contains a polymer with acid groups and a polyoxazoline compound. The coating is applied to the package surface and cured to provide a safe, formaldehyde-free coating that can be used in food contact applications. The coating composition can be applied by spraying, dipping, or coil coating methods. The coated package provides improved properties like adhesion, corrosion resistance, and barrier protection for food packaging applications.

10. Packaging Material Coating Comprising Acid-Functional Polymer and Polyoxazoline

PPG IND OHIO INC, 2020

Coating packaging materials like cans and tubes with a specific composition to improve performance and safety. The coating contains a polymer with acid functional groups and a polyoxazoline. It can be applied to the inside or outside of packages using methods like spraying, dipping, or roll coating. The coating provides properties like adhesion, barrier protection, and corrosion resistance when cured. It's suitable for food contact and can be applied to metal, plastic, and laminate packages.

11. Coating Composition with Acid-Functional Polymer and Polyoxazoline for Packaging Applications

PPG IND OHIO INC, 2020

Coating composition for packaging that contains a polymer with acid functional groups and a polyoxazoline. The composition is suitable for coating food and beverage packaging to provide properties like adhesion, pencil hardness, and resistance to chemicals. It can be applied using methods like spraying, dipping, or curtain coating. The composition can be used on surfaces like interior can walls, side seams, and end seams. It can also be applied to planar substrates like coils that are formed into packaging components. The coating composition is cured using heat, UV, or electromagnetic radiation. The composition can be free of formaldehyde and formaldehyde-containing compounds.

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12. Anchor Coating Composition for Extrusion Lamination with Polyol, Hexamethylene Diisocyanate, and Silane Coupling Agent

DAINICHISEIKA COLOR CHEM, 2019

Anchor coating agent for extrusion lamination of films used in packaging materials like bags that provides good adhesion and easy tearability between dissimilar materials like plastics, inks, and metals. The coating agent contains a polyol, polyisocyanate, and silane coupling agent with specific ratios. The polyisocyanate is mainly hexamethylene diisocyanate-based and makes up at least 50% of the isocyanate content. This composition allows the coating to adhere well to materials like plastics, inks, and metals while also having good tear resistance for easy opening of packaging bags.

13. Resin Composition with Silylated Polyolefin and Compatibilizer for Uniform Liquid-Repellent Layer Formation

TOPPAN PRINTING CO LTD, 2019

A resin composition for forming a liquid-repellent layer on surfaces like container interiors that effectively prevents adhesion of liquids, semi-solids, and gels. The composition contains a polyolefin resin, a silylated polyolefin with incompatible polyolefin moiety, and a compatibilizer. The compatibilizer bridges the incompatibility between the polyolefin resin and the silylated polyolefin, allowing the silylated polyolefin to distribute evenly and provide better liquid repellency. This prevents clumping and improves coverage compared to just using silylated polyolefin.

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14. Formaldehyde-Free Latex Polymer Coating Composition with Reactive Functional Groups for Food and Beverage Packaging Containers

PPG INDUSTRIES OHIO INC, 2019

Coating composition for food and beverage packaging containers that doesn't contain formaldehyde, BPA or other potentially toxic compounds. The coating composition is made by emulsion polymerization to form a latex polymer with reactive functional groups like hydroxyl or carboxylic acid. This latex can be applied to the container interior and cured using crosslinking agents that don't generate formaldehyde. The resulting coating provides corrosion protection for the metal container without contaminating the contents. The latex polymer composition allows flexibility, chemical resistance, and pasteurization compatibility. The coating composition can be used on metal cans, plastic bottles, and other food packaging materials to replace traditional coatings containing formaldehyde, BPA, and other potentially harmful compounds.

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15. Printing Ink and Lacquer Formulations with Copolymer-Based Adhesion Promoter for Enhanced Substrate Bonding

HUBERGROUP INDIA PRIVATE LTD, 2019

Printing ink and printing lacquer formulations with improved adhesion to packaging materials like polyethylene terephthalate and polyamide, especially for stamping food packaging, while minimizing migration of ink components into the food product. The adhesion is enhanced by using a specific adhesion promoter containing a copolymer made from titanate or zirconate, monobutyl phosphate, and dibutyl phosphate monomers with both linear and branched butyl groups. This copolymer provides adhesion without the migration issues of traditional adhesion promoters containing low molecular weight compounds like tri-n-butyl phosphate.

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16. Coating Composition for Packaging with Latex Polymer and Reactive Surfactant for Enhanced Corrosion Resistance

PPG IND OHIO INC, 2019

Coating composition for packaging materials like metal cans and plastic bottles that provides corrosion protection, chemical resistance, and food safety. The coating composition contains a latex polymer made by emulsion polymerization with a reactive surfactant. The latex is mixed with water and optionally other components like phosphorus-containing acid. The coating composition can be applied to the inner surface of the packaging to prevent corrosion, protect against chemicals, and not affect food quality. The latex polymer provides flexibility and adhesion while the reactive surfactant allows crosslinking for strength. The phosphorus acid enhances corrosion resistance.

17. Preprinted Corrugated Packaging Liner Treatment Composition with Bonding Agent, Surfactant, and Wax

HEWLETT PACKARD DEVELOPMENT CO, 2019

Treatment composition for preprinted corrugated packaging liners that improves print quality and durability during the corrugation process and after packaging handling. The composition is applied to the liners before printing and contains a bonding agent, surfactant, and optionally a wax. The bonding agent improves adhesion of the ink to the treated liner. The surfactant enhances ink spreading and prevents bleeding. The wax provides scratch resistance and friction reduction to the printed liner during corrugation and handling. The composition helps maintain print quality and prevents damage when the liners are heated, pressed, and abraded during corrugation.

18. Coated Metal Containers with Latex Polymers Utilizing Reactive Surfactants for Corrosion Protection

PPG IND OHIO INC, 2018

Coated metal food and beverage containers that use latex polymers made with reactive surfactants to provide corrosion protection without using BPA or styrene. The latexes are prepared by emulsion polymerization using surfactants with reactive groups like hydroxyl or carboxylic acid. The latex coatings can be applied to metal containers like cans to prevent corrosion and contamination. They can be cured using crosslinking resins to improve properties like adhesion and resistance to chemicals and pasteurization. The reactive surfactants allow the latex particles to bond with the metal surface, providing corrosion protection, while the reactive groups enable further chemical reactions during curing to further enhance the coating's properties. The latex coatings are BPA-free, styrene-free, and can be formulated without non-reactive surfact

19. Coating Agent Comprising Nitrile-Containing Polymer and Diisocyanate Curing Agent for Crosslinked Non-Adsorbent Layer Formation

TOKYO INK CO LTD, 2017

Coating agent for forming a non-adsorbent layer on materials like plastic films to impart non-adsorption properties. The coating agent contains a main component made of a polymer, a curing agent with reactive functional groups, and a dispersant. The polymer has a nitrile group-containing acrylic monomer unit and a reactive functional group like hydroxyl. The curing agent is a diisocyanate. The nitrile group in the polymer reacts with the curing agent to form a crosslinked non-adsorbent layer. The ratio of functional groups in the polymer and curing agent is 2.0-5.0. This coating can be applied to base materials like films to create non-adsorbent layers that reduce adsorption of substances like drugs and foods.

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20. Treatment Agent for Aluminum-Deposited Polyester Films with Oxazoline-Based Cross-Linking and Specific Polyester Resin Composition

TAKEMOTO OIL & FAT CO LTD, 2015

A treatment agent for aluminum-deposited polyester films used in packaging applications that prevents interference fringes and adhesion issues when the films are exposed to hot water or steam. The treatment agent contains a specific polyester resin with a molecular weight of 5000 to 15000 units and a composition of structural units A, B, C, and D. The oxazoline-based cross-linking agent used in the treatment agent helps improve adhesion between the aluminum-deposited polyester film and the polyolefin layer in a multi-layer packaging film. The structural units are: A - aromatic dicarboxylic acids, B - trivalent or tetravalent aromatic polycarboxylic acids, C - alkanediol, D - a compound formed from diol and an aromatic dicarboxylic acid.

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