Polymers for Medical Packaging

Biodegradable polyesters serve as matrices in pharmaceutical applications for the controlled release of therapeutic agents. These polymers are essential advancement drug delivery systems (DDSs) that facilitate gradual over a predetermined duration. Therefore, this study introduces novel use diethyl zinc/propyl gallate catalytic system to synthesize glycolide/-caprolactone copolymers (PGCL) subsequent biomedical applications. A total twenty-four biodegradable copolymeric matrices, characterized by highly random microstructure and an average molecular weight (Mn) ranging from approximately 27 62 kDa, were synthesized analyzed. The resulting copolymer samples underwent Neutral Red Uptake (NRU) Umu tests, revealing no signs cyto- or genotoxicity. Furthermore, hemolysis assay was conducted on selected samples, indicating their suitability intravenous administration. Finally, paclitaxel (PACL) one demonstrated sustained profile, following first-order kinetics Fickian diffusion mechanism.

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Porous biodegradable materials made from modified fibroin proteins that can be molded into desired shapes and degrade over time. The modified fibroin contains a block copolymer with a hydrophobic polypeptide skeleton segment bonded to one or more segments containing plasticizing functional groups. The plasticizing segments improve processability by reducing hydrophobic interactions during production. The materials are made by gelling a mixture of the modified fibroin and solvent followed by removing the solvent to form the porous body. The modified fibroin segments can contain specific motifs to enhance strength and processability.

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<title>Abstract</title> Synergistically integrating poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) with polylactic acid (PLA) presents an economical strategy to develop biodegradable materials by leveraging their complementary characteristics. However, the inherent phase incompatibility between PBAT and induces severe interfacial defects, fundamentally limiting development of high-strength composites. In this study, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) is grafted onto through reactive blending during melting process, whereupon PLA/PBAT-g-GMA blends are prepared means in-situ compatibilization approach, in attempt achieve PLA/PBAT satisfactory comprehensive properties. The effects content GMA grafting rate on compatibility, microstructure, mechanical properties, thermal performance, crystalline behavior rheological processability PLA/PBT investigated detail. Systematic research has shown that compatibility been significantly improved implementing methods, when PBAT-g-GMA (2.84) 40%, impact strength blend can reach 961 J/m without affecting rigidity, which indicates our work proposes effective a... Read More

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Copolymerization with cleavable comonomers is a versatile approach to generate vinyl polymer viable end-of-life options such as biodegradability. Nevertheless, strategy ineffective in producing readily degradable 2, 3-dihydrofuran (DHF) copolymer high-molecular-weight (>200 kDa). The latter strong and biorenewable thermoplastic that eluded efficient cationic copolymerization synthesis. Here, we show an anion-binding catalyst seleno-cyclodiphosph(V)azanes enable the cyclic acetals by reversibly activating both different dormant species achieve high living chain-end retention high-molecular-weight. This method leads incorporating low density of individual in-chain acetal sequences PDHF chains (up 314 kDa), imparting on-demand hydrolytic degradability while without sacrificing thermomechanical, optical, barrier properties native material. proposed can be easily adapted existing polymerization synthesize polymers tailored addressing environmental sustainability requirements.

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Eco-friendly packaging for tampons that reduces plastic usage. The packaging consists of a wrapper made primarily of cellulosic fibers like paper, with a thin sealing layer. The cellulosic layer has a weight range of 15-90 gsm. The wrapper can also have a hydrophobic layer and grasping elements. The reduced plastic packaging improves environmental impact compared to fully plastic wrappers.

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Biodegradable hot melt adhesive for packaging, binding, coating, and other applications. The adhesive is made by polymerizing lactide, caprolactone, hydrocarbons, and a catalyst. It is then blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and heated to form the final adhesive. The hydrocarbon substituents are pentaerythritol, glycerol, neopentyl glycol, xylitol, sorbitol, and 1-octanol. The adhesive composition has specific weight percentages of the polymers, PVA, plasticizer, antioxidant, and catalyst. The adhesive provides biodegradability and improved properties like flexibility, setting time, open time, and adhesion compared to traditional petroleum-based adhesives.

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Biopolymers are natural materials derived from proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, or their derivatives, used in biodegradable packaging production. The addition of vermiculite clay can improve mechanical properties, enhance consistency, and thermal stability, broadening biocomposites' applications. This study investigates the effect varying starch, alginate, clay, plasticizer concentrations on properties like moisture, solubility, water vapor permeability (WVP), traits (tensile strength, elongation, Youngs modulus). Fifteen tests were performed with variations concentrations, as well amount material placed plate. Results showed that films higher content had lower moisture (20.64% to 24.61%) solubility. WVP increased film thickness. Regarding 3 g formulation better resistance flexibility. Tensile strength ranged 2.26 4.84 MPa, elongation between 9.27% 20.47%. These values suggest withstand moderate stress before failure. Young's modulus, ranging 13.65 52.27 reflects a balance stiffness flexibility, making it ideal for applications requiring combined

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Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable thermoplastic polymer used in various applications, including food packaging, 3D printing, textiles, and biomedical devices. Nevertheless, it presents several limitations, such as high hydrophobicity, low gas barrier properties, UV sensitivity, brittleness. To overcome this issue, study, biochar (BC) produced through pyrolysis of bio-mass waste was incorporated (1 wt.%, 2wt.%, 3 wt.%-PLA 1, PLA 2, 3) to enhance thermal mechanical properties composites. The impact temperature on the kinetic parameters, physicochemical characteristics, structural banana orange peels for use added investigated. biomass were characterized by proximal analysis thermogravimetric (TGA); meanwhile, composites tensile straight, TGA, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force (AFM). results indicated that presence improved hygroscopic characteristics Tg from 62.98 C 1 wt.% 80.29 wt.%. Additionally, found strength increased almost 30% compared with 1. Young's modulus also 194.334 MPa PLA1 388.314 PLA3. However, elongation decreas... Read More

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The development of biodegradable food packaging materials with active functionalities presents a sustainable alternative to conventional plastic films. This study developed bioactive complex film through solvent casting technique using potato starch (PS) and -carrageenan (C) as the matrix, incorporated ethanol extract crab-apple peel (EEC). Fourier-transform infrared analysis confirmed formation hydrogen bonds between film-forming constituents. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that higher concentrations EEC led relatively rough surface. XRD indicated incorporation reduced crystallinity starch. addition significantly increased b values (p < 0.05), while L value opacity decreased 0.05). TS, Young's modulus, WVP films increasing concentration DPPH ABTS radical scavenging abilities PS-C-EEC were enhanced from 12.35% 75.48% 10.26% 72.52%, respectively. exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli. application for refrigerated preservation pork demonstrated lipid oxidation level wrapped was reduced. These results suggest fabricated could... Read More

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Abstract Biopolymerbased fibrous aggregate materials (BFAMs) have gained increasing attention in biomedicine due to their excellent biocompatibility, processability, biodegradability, and multifunctionality. Especially, the medical applications of BFAMs demand advanced structure, performance, function, which conventional trialanderror methods struggle provide. This necessitates rational selection manufacturing design with various intended functions structures. review summarizes current progress raw material selection, structural functional design, processing technology, application BFAMs. Additionally, challenges encountered during development are discussed, along perspectives for future research offered.

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Abstract: There is an urgent need to investigate viable alternatives address the significant environmental concerns created by widespread use of non-biodegradable and non-recyclable synthetic plastics. Bioresource-based polymers from natural materials such as starch, cellulose, chitosan, lignin, agricultural waste have shown great promise. These biodegradable, cost-effective, environmentally benign major about health effects petroleum- based polyolefin plastics, which are widely utilized in packaging, automotive, medical, sectors. This review focuses on recent advances bio-based polymers, blends, composites reinforced with fibers fillers, demonstrating their potential replace traditional It also tackles difficulties cost reduction, performance improvement, processing efficiency. reduce plastic pollution promote a more sustainable future prioritizing innovation material selection manufacturing techniques.

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Hotmelt adhesive formulation that uses biobased polyesters like PLA and PBS instead of traditional petroleum-based polymers. The formulation also includes biobased resins, plasticizers, and stabilizers to achieve good adhesion, flexibility, and processing properties. The biobased components are chosen to be compatible with each other to avoid phase separation. The resulting bioadhesive has improved biodegradability compared to traditional hotmelt adhesives.

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Polylactic acid resin with enhanced biodegradability, flexibility, and mechanical properties. The resin has a soft segment with a polyurethane block made from a polyether polyol, a polyester polyol, and a polycarbonate polyol. This segment connects to a hard segment of polylactic acid blocks. The soft segment containing biodegradable polyols improves flexibility and tear strength while maintaining biodegradability. The resin composition can be prepared by reacting the polyols with diisocyanate and then lactide to form the urethane and polylactic acid segments.

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Abstract Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) is a biodegradable polymer material. The main disadvantages of PBS are high crystallinity, poor toughness, and slow degradation rate. To solve these problems, was modified by block copolymerization. In this paper, hydroxyterminated poly (butylene (HOPBSOH) poly(triethylene glycol (HOPTEGOH) were synthesized, then HDI (1,6diisocyanated'hexamethylene) used as chain extender. A series poly(butylene succinatebtriethylene (PBSbPTEG) prepared. structure properties the copolymer characterized 1HNMR, DSC, XRD, electronic universal testing machine, test. results showed that copolymers miscible in amorphous region. show region, there only one glass transition temperature melting point. crystallinity decreased with increase PTEG segment. addition segment enhanced toughened increased elongation at break PBSbPTEG 20% sample to 3.2 times PBS. test could improve performance Highlights has good hydrophilicity can be soft copolymers. higher better toughness compared ( T m ) PBSbPTFE did not significantly decrease. de... Read More

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A method to produce hydrolytically degradable polymers using ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of a lactone called δ-valerolactone 2-ethylidene-6-hepten-5-olide (EVL). The ROP is catalyzed by an organocatalyst like 1,5,7-triazabicyclo [4.4.0] dec-5-ene (TBD). The ROP of EVL produces polymers that are degradable by hydrolysis. The method involves reacting EVL with the catalyst to form polymers and dimers. The EVL can be made by catalytically converting carbon dioxide and an olefin like 1,3-butadiene. The hydrolytically degradable polymers made from EVL have potential applications

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Synthesis of biodegradable polyester called polybutylene succinate (PBS) using a new catalyst that is biocompatible and environmentally friendly. The catalyst is a bridged bis-biogenic guanidine chelate derived from amino acids. The catalyst is prepared by reacting arginine, glycine, and glutamic acid under specific conditions. The PBS polymerization is carried out using the bridged bis-biogenic guanidine chelate as the catalyst instead of toxic metal-based catalysts. The resulting PBS has improved properties like higher molecular weight, melting point, and thermal stability compared to conventional PBS synthesized using metal catalysts.

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Particulate poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) suitable for filtration sterilization and a manufacturing process. The particulate PLGA has an average particle diameter of 80 nm or less with a relative span factor (R.S.F.) satisfying the formula R.S.F. = (Dv90 - Dv10) / Dv50 <= 1.0. The manufacturing process involves dissolving PLGA in a good solvent, discharging it through a narrow nozzle into a poor solvent, and removing the good solvent. This yields PLGA particles small enough to sterilize using filtration.

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Biodegradable polymer microspheres prepared without organic solvents using a novel method. The microspheres are made by polymerizing biodegradable monomers in a mixed solution containing water-soluble polymer and catalyst. The monomer polymerizes and separates from the water-soluble polymer to form microspheres. This avoids using organic solvents in polymerization. The microspheres have particle sizes below 20 microns and can contain antioxidants and functional materials. The method enables preparing biodegradable polymer microspheres in an environmentally friendly way.

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Generating more accurate responses to multifaceted and noisy natural language queries by leveraging generative models like large language models (LLMs) and search engines. The method involves using an LLM to generate a set of candidate subqueries for the main query. These subqueries are evaluated and a subset is selected based on metrics like relevance and non-duplication. Search results are obtained for the selected subqueries, and a response is generated using these results instead of searching the entire query. This reduces the search volume and response size compared to submitting separate queries for each facet.

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Bio-composite clinical waste container made from a mixture of wooden fibers and plastic that reduces the carbon footprint of disposable medical waste containers. The container has a lower basket part, an upper lid part, and a lid cap part. The lid cap slides onto the lid part and locks in place with snap-fit protrusions and recesses. The lid part has a bend with increased thickness to provide strength for the snap-fit lock. The container is made from plastic with at least 30% wooden fibers.

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