Polymers for Medical Packaging

A method to produce hydrolytically degradable polymers using ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of a lactone called δ-valerolactone 2-ethylidene-6-hepten-5-olide (EVL). The ROP is catalyzed by an organocatalyst like 1,5,7-triazabicyclo [4.4.0] dec-5-ene (TBD). The ROP of EVL produces polymers that are degradable by hydrolysis. The method involves reacting EVL with the catalyst to form polymers and dimers. The EVL can be made by catalytically converting carbon dioxide and an olefin like 1,3-butadiene. The hydrolytically degradable polymers made from EVL have potential applications

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Synthesis of biodegradable polyester called polybutylene succinate (PBS) using a new catalyst that is biocompatible and environmentally friendly. The catalyst is a bridged bis-biogenic guanidine chelate derived from amino acids. The catalyst is prepared by reacting arginine, glycine, and glutamic acid under specific conditions. The PBS polymerization is carried out using the bridged bis-biogenic guanidine chelate as the catalyst instead of toxic metal-based catalysts. The resulting PBS has improved properties like higher molecular weight, melting point, and thermal stability compared to conventional PBS synthesized using metal catalysts.

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Particulate poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) suitable for filtration sterilization and a manufacturing process. The particulate PLGA has an average particle diameter of 80 nm or less with a relative span factor (R.S.F.) satisfying the formula R.S.F. = (Dv90 - Dv10) / Dv50 <= 1.0. The manufacturing process involves dissolving PLGA in a good solvent, discharging it through a narrow nozzle into a poor solvent, and removing the good solvent. This yields PLGA particles small enough to sterilize using filtration.

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Biodegradable polymer microspheres prepared without organic solvents using a novel method. The microspheres are made by polymerizing biodegradable monomers in a mixed solution containing water-soluble polymer and catalyst. The monomer polymerizes and separates from the water-soluble polymer to form microspheres. This avoids using organic solvents in polymerization. The microspheres have particle sizes below 20 microns and can contain antioxidants and functional materials. The method enables preparing biodegradable polymer microspheres in an environmentally friendly way.

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Generating more accurate responses to multifaceted and noisy natural language queries by leveraging generative models like large language models (LLMs) and search engines. The method involves using an LLM to generate a set of candidate subqueries for the main query. These subqueries are evaluated and a subset is selected based on metrics like relevance and non-duplication. Search results are obtained for the selected subqueries, and a response is generated using these results instead of searching the entire query. This reduces the search volume and response size compared to submitting separate queries for each facet.

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Bio-composite clinical waste container made from a mixture of wooden fibers and plastic that reduces the carbon footprint of disposable medical waste containers. The container has a lower basket part, an upper lid part, and a lid cap part. The lid cap slides onto the lid part and locks in place with snap-fit protrusions and recesses. The lid part has a bend with increased thickness to provide strength for the snap-fit lock. The container is made from plastic with at least 30% wooden fibers.

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Disposable blood pressure cuff made from a single material type that can be recycled or biodegrade to address environmental concerns. The cuff has two sheets with an inflatable portion between them. The opening connects the interior to the exterior. The cuff material is chosen to allow recycling using a single code. The cuff can also have adhesive closure areas made from the same material to prevent cross-contamination.

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Modifying the ends of a biodegradable polymer made from beta-methyl-delta-valerolactone (BMVL) to improve its properties like hydrolysis resistance and compatibility with other polymers. The modification involves reacting the polymer's hydroxyl-terminated ends with functional groups instead of just hydrogen. This prevents depolymerization during processing and reduces hydrolysis. The terminal modifiers can be alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or oxygen-containing groups. The modification balance is optimized by adjusting the modifier structure and number. The modification is done in the reaction pot without extracting the polymer, simplifying production.

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Biodegradable laminate with high biodegradability, good mechanical properties, and barrier properties. The laminate has an aliphatic polyester layer sandwiched between a PVA layer and a bonding layer. The aliphatic polyester contains a composition with specific components: an aliphatic polyester, a polyhydroxyalkanoate, and an inorganic filler. This composition balances biodegradability, moldability, impact resistance, heat resistance, water vapor barrier, and oxygen barrier. The bonding layer uses a modified polyester resin.

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High-strength and high-elasticity bio-based degradable polyurethane for applications like biodegradable plastics. The polyurethane has properties like breaking strength over 75 MPa, elongation at break over 1200%, elastic modulus between 50 and 600 MPa, and toughness between 100 and 150 MJ/m3. The polyurethane is made by a preparation method involving specific ratios of bio-based polyester polyols, diisocyanates, catalysts, and solvents. The method allows tailoring the polyurethane's properties for specific applications while using renewable resources.

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Color-change-resistant antibacterial thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) with improved discoloration resistance compared to conventional TPUs containing silver ion antibacterial agents. The TPU composition contains a polymer polyol, diisocyanate, chain extender, hydrazide-containing modifier, disulfide, and silver ion antibacterial agent. The hydrazide modifier helps prevent discoloration of the silver ions during processing and use. The TPU can be prepared by reacting the components and has applications in fields like automotive, medical, electronics, etc.

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Medical composition with biocompatible polymer particles for tissue adhesion, hemostasis, wound healing, and bacterial infection inhibition. The composition contains polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) particles with a specific size range of 10,000 nm or less. The PHA particles have high tissue adhesion, hemostatic efficacy, wound healing potential, and bacterial infection inhibition ability. They can be used in medical applications like wound closure, hemostasis, and infection prevention due to their biocompatibility and tissue bonding properties. The particles are prepared by dispersing PHA in solvent, passing through a membrane, and solidifying.

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Medical hydrophilic polyurethane sponge for nasal packing and hemostasis that expands when wet to compress wounds. The sponge is made by reacting polyethylene glycol (PEG), dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (HMDI), polyacrylamide (PAM), water, foaming agent, stannous octoate, and triethylenetetramine (A33) to form the sponge. The hydrophilic polyurethane expands when absorbed with water to mechanically compress wounds and stop bleeding. The sponge eventually softens and decomposes to facilitate wound cleaning.

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Flexible medical dressing with self-healing properties that promotes wound healing when worn over injuries. The dressing is made by blending liquid metal, a multifunctional additive, and polyurethane. The liquid metal provides electrical conductivity and flexibility, the additive improves healing, and the polyurethane forms a matrix. This dressing can heal and restore electrical function when damaged, enabling uniform electrical stimulation for wound healing.

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Medical device containing a polyurethane elastomer that has both biocompatibility and physical properties like strength. The elastomer is made from polyethylene glycol and polyisocyanate, with water incorporated. This allows the device to have good blood compatibility from the PEG, while maintaining physical strength. The water in the elastomer prevents protein adsorption and platelet activation when in contact with blood. The device can have a thickness exceeding 1 mm. The elastomer can be formed by reacting the polyol and polyisocyanate during molding.

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Biocompatible self-healing elastomer for use in wound dressings that can monitor and treat wounds. The elastomer is made by reacting a hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, an alkylene diisocyanate, and a hydroxyl-terminated compound (diol or disulfide). The elastomer has good mechanical properties, self-healing, and biocompatibility. Adding a quaternary ammonium compound like cetrimonium bromide provides antibacterial properties. The elastomer can be used in smart wound dressings with sensors for pH, temperature, glucose, etc.

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Biodegradable polymer compositions for medical implants like vascular grafts and surgical meshes that degrade at different rates. The compositions have a first polymer backbone with slower degradation and a second backbone that degrades faster. This allows the implant to maintain mechanical strength and function during degradation before being replaced by natural tissue. The slower backbone provides initial structure, while the faster one promotes cell growth. A confluent cell layer forms on the faster degrading backbone, enhancing biocompatibility. The slower backbone prevents implant failure during degradation. The compositions can also have cell adhesion peptides to promote cell growth.

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Biodegradable polyurethane elastomer with good elasticity for medical applications. The elastomer is synthesized using a unique polyester amide polyol made from natural amino acids and derivatives, along with diisocyanate and chain extender. The elastomer has biodegradability and biocompatibility, with tensile strength of 5-20 MPa and elongation at break of 400-1300%. Porous sponges can be made by freeze-drying or supercritical CO2 foaming. The elastomer degrades with compressive strength of 2-10 kPa and porosity of 75-99%.

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Degradable polyurethane with good processability and biocompatibility for medical applications like tissue repair, drug delivery, and implants. The polyurethane has a unique structure containing a compound called D that improves processability and biocompatibility compared to standard polyurethanes. The D compound can be grafted onto the polyurethane backbone. The degradable polyurethane is made by reacting caprolactone, polyethylene glycol, stannous octoate, L-lysine diisocyanate, and a chain extender like butanediol. The D compound can be added during the reaction. The D-grafted polyurethane has improved processability properties like lower melting temperature and higher elongation at break compared to standard polyurethanes.

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Composite material with improved mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability for biomedical applications. The composite is made by blending polylactic acid (PLA) with shape memory polyurethane (SMPU). The PLA provides mechanical strength and biodegradability, while the SMPU adds shape memory properties. The blending ratio is optimized to balance properties. The composite shows improved mechanical strength compared to PLA alone, as well as enhanced biocompatibility and osteogenic potential for bone regeneration applications.

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