Polymers for Medical Packaging

Biodegradable thermoplastic resins with force recovery properties for applications like packaging, medical devices, and sporting goods. The resins contain biodegradable thermoplastic polyesters, biodegradable polyester elastomers, and optional additives like plasticizers and fillers. The compositions exhibit force recovery after stretching, like rubber, and can biodegrade. The elastomers provide elasticity and repeatable deformability. The resins can be made by blending the polyesters and elastomers in specific ratios.

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Freeze-dried hydrogel materials that can be formed into devices for medical applications and delivered into the body. The freeze-drying process allows crosslinking to start before freezing, then complete after drying. This enables forming the hydrogel into structures before final crosslinking. The freeze-dried hydrogels can absorb water when rehydrated, expanding without dissolving. They are biodegradable, crosslinked polymers like PEG and proteins. The freeze-drying process allows controlled crosslinking and structure formation. It enables making devices like seals and liners for body cavities by freeze-drying the hydrogel first, then completing crosslinking after drying.

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Polylactide (PLA) resin composition with low glass transition temperature and high crystallinity. The composition contains a combination of two nucleating agents, one with high molecular weight selectivity and the other with low molecular weight selectivity. This allows improving crystallization and reducing Tg simultaneously by selectively enhancing chain mobility for crystallization and lowering mobility in amorphous regions. The first nucleating agent preferentially interacts with high molecular weight PLA segments, while the second nucleating agent interacts with low molecular weight PLA segments. This selective interaction balances chain mobility for crystallization versus amorphous regions to achieve the desired properties.

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Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), a biobased and biodegradable plastic, has garnered substantial attention due to its environmental benefits. However, the inherent brittleness, limited functionality, challenges in balancing toughness strength during toughening processes restrict broader application. Recent studies have identified two-dimensional (2D) layered nanomaterials as promising reinforcing agents for improving properties of PLA-based nanocomposites. These materials, including graphene derivatives, MXenes, double hydroxides (LDHs), montmorillonite (MMT), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), boron nitride (BN), offer unique characteristics such atomic-level thickness, high specific surface area, exceptional mechanical strength. This perspective provides comprehensive overview progress functionalizing PLA nanocomposites with 2D nanoscale fillers. Key preparation methods are discussed, focus on dispersibility materials their interfacial compatibility PLA. Strategies intercalation modifications enhance PLA's explored detail. The multifunctional imparted by fillerssuch improved thermal resist... Read More

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The new generation of food packaging should not only be biodegradable, but also provide additional protective properties for packaged products, extending their shelf life. In this paper, we present the results research on cast-extruded poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) films coated with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) modified CO2 extract from sea buckthorn (ES) or its ethosomes (ET) at amounts 1 5 pph per HPMC. addition, developed were exposed to accelerated aging (UV radiation and elevated temperature) determine effect films properties. Based SEM, it can concluded that in uncovering coatings bulk. GPC showed a decrease molecular weight PBS after treatment, additionally amplified by presence However, addition ES ET low concentrations reduced level polyester degradation. coating treatment increased oxygen barrier (a 324 cm3/m2 24 h neat 208 ET5). Despite colored coating, color differences compared imperceptible (E < 1). combination resulted complete inhibition growth E. coli S. aureus, which was observed non-aged samples. obtained demonstrate an improvement bioactive ... Read More

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Abstract For a sustainable future, the search for biodegradable materials to replace conventional petroleumbased polymers food packaging has received much attention because of need reduce plastic pollution in environment. Biopolymers are generally biodegradable, renewable, nontoxic, and easily available nature can be effective potential alternatives synthetic plastics. However, inherent limitations biopolymers terms poor mechanical barrier properties, as well inadequate thermal stability, have hindered their widespread adoption industry. With advent nanoscience, new avenues innovation novel with enhanced functional attributes been realized. Upon dispersion biopolymer matrix, inorganic or organic nanofillers, which possess certain physical chemical properties at nanoscale, make these composites useful materials; tailored mechanical, barrier, thermal, optical reported meet specific requirements preservation packaging. This review discusses effects reinforcement different types nanofillers on antimicrobial antioxidant biopolymeric matrices used applications. The importance standardiz... Read More

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Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic (PLGA) are FDA-approved, biodegradable polymers widely used in medical applications, especially controlled drug release systems surgical devices. To be able to predict control the degradation kinetics of such systems, it is essential study effect various parameters on rate. In this work, a review presented concerning hydrolytic PLA PLGA. The effects solvent dielectric constant, pH, lactate glycolate content, stereoisomers crystallinity, temperature, glass transition temperature (Tg), melting (Tm), monomer sequence PLGA copolymers, polymer molecular weight PLA/PLGA reviewed. vitro/in vivo correlation (IVIVC) limitations addressed. main purpose paper provide comprehensive results available literature offer clarification certain aspects that remain less well understood. particular, we aim insights into factors underlying varying sometimes contrasting findings reported relatively recent studies. We propose new explanation for accelerated core matricesinternal water-induced accelerationand discuss how perspective offers an alternat... Read More

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Biodegradable polyester resin composition, nonwoven fabric, and film with enhanced biodegradability, flexibility, strength, transparency, durability, and processability. The composition uses a diol component of 1,4-butanediol or derivative and a dicarboxylic acid component with a first dicarboxylic acid like terephthalic acid and a second dicarboxylic acid like adipic acid. Nanocellulose or bacterial cellulose can be added. The composition has biodegradability over 85% and can be prepared by esterification, polycondensation, and solid-phase polymerization.

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A bio-based citric acid-glycidyl ether-butyl ester plasticizer for polylactic acid (PLA) that provides improved plasticizing efficiency, migration resistance, and environmental compatibility compared to existing citrate ester plasticizers. The plasticizer is synthesized by reacting citric acid, n-butanol, and polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether. It can be used to plasticize PLA at lower concentrations compared to other citrate esters, while avoiding phase separation. The plasticized PLA has better toughness, ductility, and processability. The citric acid-glycidyl ether-butyl ester plasticizer can also be used in implant materials, drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering scaffolds due to its biocompatibility.

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Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are naturally occurring polyesters with promising drug delivery applications. Their hydrophobicity enables lipophilic encapsulation, enhancing bioavailability but limiting colloidal stability and physiological compatibility. Surfactants crucially improve the nanoparticle dimensional stability, dispersion, wettability of hydrophobic matrices, cellular interaction, yet conventional surfactants require additional purification may pose risks. Self-surfactant systems offer a sustainable alternative. Therefore, this research proposes green chemical modification PHAs to develop self-surfactant systems. Hydrophilic groups were introduced onto poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate (PHBHHx) backbone via amidation using choline taurinate ([Ch][Tau]), biocompatible ionic liquid. This approach eliminates need for toxic reagents complex purification. By precisely controlling PHBHHx/[Ch][Tau] molar ratio, amphiphilic structures varying tail lengths produced, as confirmed by infrared spectroscopy chromatographic analysis. Nanoparticles fabricated through emulsion-... Read More

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The study examines the use of biodegradable plastics in packaging with examples polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and starch-based blends as sustainable substitutes to traditional plastic materials. Their mechanical properties, barrier processability environmental effects are assessed by industrial scale processing tests life cycle analyses (LCA). Industry cooperation guarantees practice-relevant work content realizes challenges mass production implementation. Results indicate that, although polymers possess an interesting potential decrease pollution carbon footprint, additional optimization is needed achieve performance thresholds affordability establish their wide application. This research adds worthwhile products developing environmentally friendly solutions which feasible industrially based on concept sustainability. Keywords- polymers, packaging, acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates, assessment, processing, impact, alternatives

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Biodegradable biaxially oriented film with improved mechanical properties, flexibility, transparency, and noise reduction while maintaining biodegradability. The film has a multilayer structure with alternating layers of a polylactic acid (PLA) composition and a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) composition. The PHA content in the outer layers and core is 20% or more. This composition balances biodegradability with properties like flexibility, noise reduction, and transparency. The multilayer structure with PHA layers improves biodegradability under mild conditions compared to single-layer PLA films.

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Extracting organic compounds from lignocellulosic biomass like coffee grounds using two immiscible solvents to separate lipids, polyphenols, hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. This allows producing high-purity fractions of coffee oil, polyphenols, and residual biomass free of lipids and polyphenols. The residual biomass can be further hydrolyzed to remove cellulose and hemicellulose. The purified fractions and hydrolyzed residue can be used separately or compounded with polymers for applications like biodegradable plastics, coatings, and composites. The biopolymer products have improved barrier properties and reduced oxygen and water vapor transmission rates compared to the base polymer alone.

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The increasing risk of microbial infections and antimicrobial resistance requires the development sustainable biomaterials with improved therapeutic properties for effective environmentally friendly health safety applications, leading to exploration advanced multifunctional nanomaterials. This study introduces a novel electrospun polymeric membrane that integrates trimetallic nanohybrid composed silver (Ag), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) curcuminoids derived from turmeric oleoresin. combination is incorporated into biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) mat. synthesis characterization nanohybrids were performed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV diffuse reflectance spectrometry. membranes demonstrated synergistic effect, as evidenced by inhibition zones measuring between 29.67 0.24 33.17 mm against wide range bacterial fungal strains. primary mechanism attributed radical scavenging activity (RSA), which reached maximum value 76.14 0.99% in PCL Furthermore, displayed significant anti-inf... Read More

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Preparing thermoplastic compositions from renewable cellulose and hemicellulose sources by grafting cyclic ester monomers onto the polysaccharides. This involves reacting cyclic ester monomers like caprolactone with cellulose and hemicellulose to form grafted compositions. The grafted polymers have chains composed of multiple cyclic ester monomer units. The grafted compositions have both thermoplasticity for processing and biodegradability due to the renewable starting materials. The compositions can be used to create biodegradable plastics from renewable sources.

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology combined with biodegradable polymers enables the development of patient-specific drug formulations improved therapeutic outcomes. Biodegradable like polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) serve as primary materials in pharmaceutical 3D due to their tunable degradation profiles biocompatibility. Recent trends include incorporation nanoparticles within polymer matrices, hybrid biomaterial composites, integration artificial intelligence for optimizing parameters. The emergence smart 4D has enabled creation stimuli-responsive delivery systems that can adapt physiological conditions. Internet Things (IoT) 3D-printed devices facilitates real-time monitoring remote customization. However, several challenges are yet be overcome, including regulatory compliance, scalability limitations, need precise control over kinetics. Ongoing research focuses on developing environmentally sustainable polymers, improving printability, material properties enhanced efficacy. potential localized manufacturing at pharma... Read More

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Biodegradable polyesters serve as matrices in pharmaceutical applications for the controlled release of therapeutic agents. These polymers are essential advancement drug delivery systems (DDSs) that facilitate gradual over a predetermined duration. Therefore, this study introduces novel use diethyl zinc/propyl gallate catalytic system to synthesize glycolide/-caprolactone copolymers (PGCL) subsequent biomedical applications. A total twenty-four biodegradable copolymeric matrices, characterized by highly random microstructure and an average molecular weight (Mn) ranging from approximately 27 62 kDa, were synthesized analyzed. The resulting copolymer samples underwent Neutral Red Uptake (NRU) Umu tests, revealing no signs cyto- or genotoxicity. Furthermore, hemolysis assay was conducted on selected samples, indicating their suitability intravenous administration. Finally, paclitaxel (PACL) one demonstrated sustained profile, following first-order kinetics Fickian diffusion mechanism.

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Porous biodegradable materials made from modified fibroin proteins that can be molded into desired shapes and degrade over time. The modified fibroin contains a block copolymer with a hydrophobic polypeptide skeleton segment bonded to one or more segments containing plasticizing functional groups. The plasticizing segments improve processability by reducing hydrophobic interactions during production. The materials are made by gelling a mixture of the modified fibroin and solvent followed by removing the solvent to form the porous body. The modified fibroin segments can contain specific motifs to enhance strength and processability.

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<title>Abstract</title> Synergistically integrating poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) with polylactic acid (PLA) presents an economical strategy to develop biodegradable materials by leveraging their complementary characteristics. However, the inherent phase incompatibility between PBAT and induces severe interfacial defects, fundamentally limiting development of high-strength composites. In this study, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) is grafted onto through reactive blending during melting process, whereupon PLA/PBAT-g-GMA blends are prepared means in-situ compatibilization approach, in attempt achieve PLA/PBAT satisfactory comprehensive properties. The effects content GMA grafting rate on compatibility, microstructure, mechanical properties, thermal performance, crystalline behavior rheological processability PLA/PBT investigated detail. Systematic research has shown that compatibility been significantly improved implementing methods, when PBAT-g-GMA (2.84) 40%, impact strength blend can reach 961 J/m without affecting rigidity, which indicates our work proposes effective a... Read More

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Copolymerization with cleavable comonomers is a versatile approach to generate vinyl polymer viable end-of-life options such as biodegradability. Nevertheless, strategy ineffective in producing readily degradable 2, 3-dihydrofuran (DHF) copolymer high-molecular-weight (>200 kDa). The latter strong and biorenewable thermoplastic that eluded efficient cationic copolymerization synthesis. Here, we show an anion-binding catalyst seleno-cyclodiphosph(V)azanes enable the cyclic acetals by reversibly activating both different dormant species achieve high living chain-end retention high-molecular-weight. This method leads incorporating low density of individual in-chain acetal sequences PDHF chains (up 314 kDa), imparting on-demand hydrolytic degradability while without sacrificing thermomechanical, optical, barrier properties native material. proposed can be easily adapted existing polymerization synthesize polymers tailored addressing environmental sustainability requirements.

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Eco-friendly packaging for tampons that reduces plastic usage. The packaging consists of a wrapper made primarily of cellulosic fibers like paper, with a thin sealing layer. The cellulosic layer has a weight range of 15-90 gsm. The wrapper can also have a hydrophobic layer and grasping elements. The reduced plastic packaging improves environmental impact compared to fully plastic wrappers.

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Biodegradable hot melt adhesive for packaging, binding, coating, and other applications. The adhesive is made by polymerizing lactide, caprolactone, hydrocarbons, and a catalyst. It is then blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and heated to form the final adhesive. The hydrocarbon substituents are pentaerythritol, glycerol, neopentyl glycol, xylitol, sorbitol, and 1-octanol. The adhesive composition has specific weight percentages of the polymers, PVA, plasticizer, antioxidant, and catalyst. The adhesive provides biodegradability and improved properties like flexibility, setting time, open time, and adhesion compared to traditional petroleum-based adhesives.

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Biopolymers are natural materials derived from proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, or their derivatives, used in biodegradable packaging production. The addition of vermiculite clay can improve mechanical properties, enhance consistency, and thermal stability, broadening biocomposites' applications. This study investigates the effect varying starch, alginate, clay, plasticizer concentrations on properties like moisture, solubility, water vapor permeability (WVP), traits (tensile strength, elongation, Youngs modulus). Fifteen tests were performed with variations concentrations, as well amount material placed plate. Results showed that films higher content had lower moisture (20.64% to 24.61%) solubility. WVP increased film thickness. Regarding 3 g formulation better resistance flexibility. Tensile strength ranged 2.26 4.84 MPa, elongation between 9.27% 20.47%. These values suggest withstand moderate stress before failure. Young's modulus, ranging 13.65 52.27 reflects a balance stiffness flexibility, making it ideal for applications requiring combined

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Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable thermoplastic polymer used in various applications, including food packaging, 3D printing, textiles, and biomedical devices. Nevertheless, it presents several limitations, such as high hydrophobicity, low gas barrier properties, UV sensitivity, brittleness. To overcome this issue, study, biochar (BC) produced through pyrolysis of bio-mass waste was incorporated (1 wt.%, 2wt.%, 3 wt.%-PLA 1, PLA 2, 3) to enhance thermal mechanical properties composites. The impact temperature on the kinetic parameters, physicochemical characteristics, structural banana orange peels for use added investigated. biomass were characterized by proximal analysis thermogravimetric (TGA); meanwhile, composites tensile straight, TGA, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force (AFM). results indicated that presence improved hygroscopic characteristics Tg from 62.98 C 1 wt.% 80.29 wt.%. Additionally, found strength increased almost 30% compared with 1. Young's modulus also 194.334 MPa PLA1 388.314 PLA3. However, elongation decreas... Read More

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The development of biodegradable food packaging materials with active functionalities presents a sustainable alternative to conventional plastic films. This study developed bioactive complex film through solvent casting technique using potato starch (PS) and -carrageenan (C) as the matrix, incorporated ethanol extract crab-apple peel (EEC). Fourier-transform infrared analysis confirmed formation hydrogen bonds between film-forming constituents. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that higher concentrations EEC led relatively rough surface. XRD indicated incorporation reduced crystallinity starch. addition significantly increased b values (p < 0.05), while L value opacity decreased 0.05). TS, Young's modulus, WVP films increasing concentration DPPH ABTS radical scavenging abilities PS-C-EEC were enhanced from 12.35% 75.48% 10.26% 72.52%, respectively. exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli. application for refrigerated preservation pork demonstrated lipid oxidation level wrapped was reduced. These results suggest fabricated could... Read More

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Abstract Biopolymerbased fibrous aggregate materials (BFAMs) have gained increasing attention in biomedicine due to their excellent biocompatibility, processability, biodegradability, and multifunctionality. Especially, the medical applications of BFAMs demand advanced structure, performance, function, which conventional trialanderror methods struggle provide. This necessitates rational selection manufacturing design with various intended functions structures. review summarizes current progress raw material selection, structural functional design, processing technology, application BFAMs. Additionally, challenges encountered during development are discussed, along perspectives for future research offered.

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Abstract: There is an urgent need to investigate viable alternatives address the significant environmental concerns created by widespread use of non-biodegradable and non-recyclable synthetic plastics. Bioresource-based polymers from natural materials such as starch, cellulose, chitosan, lignin, agricultural waste have shown great promise. These biodegradable, cost-effective, environmentally benign major about health effects petroleum- based polyolefin plastics, which are widely utilized in packaging, automotive, medical, sectors. This review focuses on recent advances bio-based polymers, blends, composites reinforced with fibers fillers, demonstrating their potential replace traditional It also tackles difficulties cost reduction, performance improvement, processing efficiency. reduce plastic pollution promote a more sustainable future prioritizing innovation material selection manufacturing techniques.

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Hotmelt adhesive formulation that uses biobased polyesters like PLA and PBS instead of traditional petroleum-based polymers. The formulation also includes biobased resins, plasticizers, and stabilizers to achieve good adhesion, flexibility, and processing properties. The biobased components are chosen to be compatible with each other to avoid phase separation. The resulting bioadhesive has improved biodegradability compared to traditional hotmelt adhesives.

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Polylactic acid resin with enhanced biodegradability, flexibility, and mechanical properties. The resin has a soft segment with a polyurethane block made from a polyether polyol, a polyester polyol, and a polycarbonate polyol. This segment connects to a hard segment of polylactic acid blocks. The soft segment containing biodegradable polyols improves flexibility and tear strength while maintaining biodegradability. The resin composition can be prepared by reacting the polyols with diisocyanate and then lactide to form the urethane and polylactic acid segments.

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Abstract Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) is a biodegradable polymer material. The main disadvantages of PBS are high crystallinity, poor toughness, and slow degradation rate. To solve these problems, was modified by block copolymerization. In this paper, hydroxyterminated poly (butylene (HOPBSOH) poly(triethylene glycol (HOPTEGOH) were synthesized, then HDI (1,6diisocyanated'hexamethylene) used as chain extender. A series poly(butylene succinatebtriethylene (PBSbPTEG) prepared. structure properties the copolymer characterized 1HNMR, DSC, XRD, electronic universal testing machine, test. results showed that copolymers miscible in amorphous region. show region, there only one glass transition temperature melting point. crystallinity decreased with increase PTEG segment. addition segment enhanced toughened increased elongation at break PBSbPTEG 20% sample to 3.2 times PBS. test could improve performance Highlights has good hydrophilicity can be soft copolymers. higher better toughness compared ( T m ) PBSbPTFE did not significantly decrease. de... Read More

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A method to produce hydrolytically degradable polymers using ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of a lactone called δ-valerolactone 2-ethylidene-6-hepten-5-olide (EVL). The ROP is catalyzed by an organocatalyst like 1,5,7-triazabicyclo [4.4.0] dec-5-ene (TBD). The ROP of EVL produces polymers that are degradable by hydrolysis. The method involves reacting EVL with the catalyst to form polymers and dimers. The EVL can be made by catalytically converting carbon dioxide and an olefin like 1,3-butadiene. The hydrolytically degradable polymers made from EVL have potential applications

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Synthesis of biodegradable polyester called polybutylene succinate (PBS) using a new catalyst that is biocompatible and environmentally friendly. The catalyst is a bridged bis-biogenic guanidine chelate derived from amino acids. The catalyst is prepared by reacting arginine, glycine, and glutamic acid under specific conditions. The PBS polymerization is carried out using the bridged bis-biogenic guanidine chelate as the catalyst instead of toxic metal-based catalysts. The resulting PBS has improved properties like higher molecular weight, melting point, and thermal stability compared to conventional PBS synthesized using metal catalysts.

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Particulate poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) suitable for filtration sterilization and a manufacturing process. The particulate PLGA has an average particle diameter of 80 nm or less with a relative span factor (R.S.F.) satisfying the formula R.S.F. = (Dv90 - Dv10) / Dv50 <= 1.0. The manufacturing process involves dissolving PLGA in a good solvent, discharging it through a narrow nozzle into a poor solvent, and removing the good solvent. This yields PLGA particles small enough to sterilize using filtration.

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Biodegradable polymer microspheres prepared without organic solvents using a novel method. The microspheres are made by polymerizing biodegradable monomers in a mixed solution containing water-soluble polymer and catalyst. The monomer polymerizes and separates from the water-soluble polymer to form microspheres. This avoids using organic solvents in polymerization. The microspheres have particle sizes below 20 microns and can contain antioxidants and functional materials. The method enables preparing biodegradable polymer microspheres in an environmentally friendly way.

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Disposable blood pressure cuff made from a single material type that can be recycled or biodegrade to address environmental concerns. The cuff has two sheets with an inflatable portion between them. The opening connects the interior to the exterior. The cuff material is chosen to allow recycling using a single code. The cuff can also have adhesive closure areas made from the same material to prevent cross-contamination.

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ABSTRACT Poly(lactic acid)/poly (butylene adipatecoterephthalate) blends (PLA/PBAT) with excellent biodegradability and mechanical properties are highly desirable for food packaging biomedical applications. The uniform dispersion of PBAT in the PLA matrix improvement interface interaction between key targets. In this work, PLA/PBAT were prepared by melt mixing method situ reaction compatibilization dicumyl peroxide (DCP). experimental results showed that DCP can promote matrix, improve interfacial two, form rapidly cooled amorphous specimens exhibit higher flexibility. PLA/PBAT/DCP (70/30/0.5) sample, which combines good processing performance toughness, has a tensile fracture elongation an impact strength 29.8 times 49.2 than pure PLA, respectively. It is proved cold crystallization was important part blend process. Annealing at 80C or 110C, below above temperature, resulted exhibiting decreased as crystallinity increased from 2.56% to 24.96%. conclusion, fundamental elements maintain high toughness effective low crystallinity.

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ABSTRACT In this research, polylactic acid (PLA) was blended with polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) to enhance PLA's processability, heat resistance, toughness, and flexibility. context, the biodegradability of PLA can be maximized in PLA/PBAT blends, as PBAT is also biodegradable offers an alternative resource for biobased components PLA, despite PBAT's primary derivation from fossil fuel sources. However, immiscibility these two neat polymers restricts overall effectiveness polymer blends. To address issue, plasticizers such polyethylene glycol (PEG) nanoparticles like nanoclay were added blends their miscibility. The blend underwent analysis through static mechanical testing, creep differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electron microscopy (SEM). results show that plays a significant role improving elongation tensile properties. addition 5 parts 70/30 composition shows elongationatbreak 30%, compared 4.7% blend, without changes modulus strength. TGA has better thermal stability than whereas ob... Read More

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ABSTRACT This study assessed the biodegradability of flexible film and its components. The tests were carried out under composting conditions. kinetics carbon dioxide production percentage biodegradation measured. Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) used to changes films in test. total organic (TOC) was After test, plant growth out, which included measurement chlorophyll Index (CI). results showed that film, ecovio F2223, thermoplastic starch (TPS) achieved 92.13%, 93.20%, 96.88%, respectively, contrast polylactic acidPLA (80.28%). FTIR molecular structures, mainly band crystalline zones around 28003000 cm 1 , deformation bands between 1400 1500 amorphous 12001000 . TGA films, PLA, TPS a thermal degradation 350C, 360C, 370C, 320C, due polymeric structures degradation. SEM micrographs show morphology change on surfaces after evidencing action microorganisms. compost stability by Gemination CI no presented significative differences.

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Abstract The demand for biodegradable packaging is rising due to plastic pollution corncerns. This study develops composites based on poly (butylene adipatecoterephthalate) (PBAT) and silanetreated wollastonite (SW) at two concentrations (15 25 wt%) through a combination of melt extrusion blowfilm techniques. Next, the PBAT/SW composite films underwent uniaxial stretching in machine direction (MD) effects their morphology, mechanical thermal properties, barrier performance, contact angle, Xray diffraction (XRD) different stretch ratios (SR). incorporation SW 15 wt% increased achieving 500% tensile strength 1000% Young's modulus SR6. Thermal XRD analyses demonstrated that significantly enhanced film crystallinity because straininduced crystallization. Morphological analysis indicated opposing high SR: pronounced alignment molecular chains MD weak adhesion between filler polymer matrix, which can impact material's structural integrity. water vapor properties PBAT/SW25% blown SR6 exhibited remarkable 42% improvement compared unstretched version. advancem... Read More

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Modifying the ends of a biodegradable polymer made from beta-methyl-delta-valerolactone (BMVL) to improve its properties like hydrolysis resistance and compatibility with other polymers. The modification involves reacting the polymer's hydroxyl-terminated ends with functional groups instead of just hydrogen. This prevents depolymerization during processing and reduces hydrolysis. The terminal modifiers can be alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or oxygen-containing groups. The modification balance is optimized by adjusting the modifier structure and number. The modification is done in the reaction pot without extracting the polymer, simplifying production.

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ABSTRACT The blending of poly(Llactide) (PLLA) and poly(Dlactide) (PDLA) forms polylactide stereocomplex (SCPLA), enhancing the thermal resistance, crystallization rate, mechanical strength PLAbased materials. This study investigates incorporation epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) into PLLA/PDLA blends to enhance crystallization, stability, rheological properties, aiming develop advanced biodegradable addition 10% ENR increased crystallinity 44.3%, compared 29.4% for without ENR, as confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) Xray diffraction (XRD). Rheological analysis revealed enhanced viscoelastic with storage modulus (G) complex viscosity (|*|), demonstrating reinforcing effect ENR. These findings highlight potential in suppressing homocrystal formation while promoting offering valuable insights development materials improved properties engineering biomedical applications.

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Biodegradable laminate with high biodegradability, good mechanical properties, and barrier properties. The laminate has an aliphatic polyester layer sandwiched between a PVA layer and a bonding layer. The aliphatic polyester contains a composition with specific components: an aliphatic polyester, a polyhydroxyalkanoate, and an inorganic filler. This composition balances biodegradability, moldability, impact resistance, heat resistance, water vapor barrier, and oxygen barrier. The bonding layer uses a modified polyester resin.

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High-strength and high-elasticity bio-based degradable polyurethane for applications like biodegradable plastics. The polyurethane has properties like breaking strength over 75 MPa, elongation at break over 1200%, elastic modulus between 50 and 600 MPa, and toughness between 100 and 150 MJ/m3. The polyurethane is made by a preparation method involving specific ratios of bio-based polyester polyols, diisocyanates, catalysts, and solvents. The method allows tailoring the polyurethane's properties for specific applications while using renewable resources.

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Color-change-resistant antibacterial thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) with improved discoloration resistance compared to conventional TPUs containing silver ion antibacterial agents. The TPU composition contains a polymer polyol, diisocyanate, chain extender, hydrazide-containing modifier, disulfide, and silver ion antibacterial agent. The hydrazide modifier helps prevent discoloration of the silver ions during processing and use. The TPU can be prepared by reacting the components and has applications in fields like automotive, medical, electronics, etc.

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Medical composition with biocompatible polymer particles for tissue adhesion, hemostasis, wound healing, and bacterial infection inhibition. The composition contains polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) particles with a specific size range of 10,000 nm or less. The PHA particles have high tissue adhesion, hemostatic efficacy, wound healing potential, and bacterial infection inhibition ability. They can be used in medical applications like wound closure, hemostasis, and infection prevention due to their biocompatibility and tissue bonding properties. The particles are prepared by dispersing PHA in solvent, passing through a membrane, and solidifying.

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Medical hydrophilic polyurethane sponge for nasal packing and hemostasis that expands when wet to compress wounds. The sponge is made by reacting polyethylene glycol (PEG), dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (HMDI), polyacrylamide (PAM), water, foaming agent, stannous octoate, and triethylenetetramine (A33) to form the sponge. The hydrophilic polyurethane expands when absorbed with water to mechanically compress wounds and stop bleeding. The sponge eventually softens and decomposes to facilitate wound cleaning.

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Flexible medical dressing with self-healing properties that promotes wound healing when worn over injuries. The dressing is made by blending liquid metal, a multifunctional additive, and polyurethane. The liquid metal provides electrical conductivity and flexibility, the additive improves healing, and the polyurethane forms a matrix. This dressing can heal and restore electrical function when damaged, enabling uniform electrical stimulation for wound healing.

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Medical device containing a polyurethane elastomer that has both biocompatibility and physical properties like strength. The elastomer is made from polyethylene glycol and polyisocyanate, with water incorporated. This allows the device to have good blood compatibility from the PEG, while maintaining physical strength. The water in the elastomer prevents protein adsorption and platelet activation when in contact with blood. The device can have a thickness exceeding 1 mm. The elastomer can be formed by reacting the polyol and polyisocyanate during molding.

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Biocompatible self-healing elastomer for use in wound dressings that can monitor and treat wounds. The elastomer is made by reacting a hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, an alkylene diisocyanate, and a hydroxyl-terminated compound (diol or disulfide). The elastomer has good mechanical properties, self-healing, and biocompatibility. Adding a quaternary ammonium compound like cetrimonium bromide provides antibacterial properties. The elastomer can be used in smart wound dressings with sensors for pH, temperature, glucose, etc.

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Biodegradable polymer compositions for medical implants like vascular grafts and surgical meshes that degrade at different rates. The compositions have a first polymer backbone with slower degradation and a second backbone that degrades faster. This allows the implant to maintain mechanical strength and function during degradation before being replaced by natural tissue. The slower backbone provides initial structure, while the faster one promotes cell growth. A confluent cell layer forms on the faster degrading backbone, enhancing biocompatibility. The slower backbone prevents implant failure during degradation. The compositions can also have cell adhesion peptides to promote cell growth.

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