Compostable Biodegradable Packaging

Compostable packaging material for containers, comprising a fibrous sheet coated with a coextruded polymer layer structure, wherein the innermost layer is polybutylene succinate (PBS) with a coating weight of at least 2 g/m², and the outermost layer is polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). The PBS innermost layer ensures sufficient adhesion to the fibrous sheet, while the PHA outermost layer provides water vapor barrier properties and improved runnability. The material is suitable for manufacturing compostable containers, such as disposable drinking cups, and can be used for packaging a wide range of food products.

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Biodegradable polymer composition for packaging applications that provides a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based plastics. The composition is a blend of biodegradable polymers like polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), and polybutylene succinate (PBS) along with fillers like cellulose fibers and calcium carbonate. The blend is designed to achieve optimal mechanical strength, flexibility, and biodegradability for packaging applications like food, beverage, personal care, agriculture, and industrial packaging. The use of biodegradable polymers significantly reduces environmental footprint compared to petroleum plastics, the composition is made from renewable resources, and the inclusion of fillers and plasticizers makes it economically viable.

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Biodegradable composites for packaging applications made from renewable sources like seaweed extracts, nanomaterials, and biomass. The composites contain an Ulva seaweed polysaccharide, a nanomaterial like bionanoparticles, a non-Ulva biomass like red seaweed extract, and a non-phthalate plasticizer. The composites can be used to create biodegradable articles like films and coatings for packaging that have improved properties compared to using each component alone.

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A biodegradable biaxially oriented film with improved mechanical properties, flexibility, transparency, and noise levels, along with enhanced biodegradability under mild composting conditions. The film comprises a multilayer structure with alternating layers of polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) polymers, where the PHA content is 20% or more of the total weight of the PLA and PHA layers. The film is prepared by melt-extruding the PLA and PHA layers, laminating them, and then biaxially stretching and heat-setting the laminate to produce the final film.

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Biodegradable resin composition and film with improved barrier properties, comprising thermoplastic starch, a biodegradable polymer with a melt flow index of 2.5-20 g/10 min, and a plasticizer, wherein the biodegradable polymer content is 30% or less of the total composition weight. The composition enables the formation of biodegradable films with enhanced barrier properties, suitable for packaging applications.

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Multi-layer packaging material for eco-sustainable and high-barrier food packaging, particularly for confectionery products. The packaging has a biodegradable base film made of bio-based polymers like PBS, PHA, or vegetable proteins. It also contains natural fillers like cellulose nanofibers and phyllosilicates. The fillers improve barrier properties and mechanical strength. The packaging has a heat-sealable barrier layer on the inside made of biodegradable polymers like PHBH and PBS. This provides excellent oxygen, water vapor, and aroma barrier while still allowing compostability and biodegradation. The multi-layer structure combines biodegradability, compostability, barrier properties, and mechanical strength for eco-friendly confectionery packaging.

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Biodegradable composite material for packaging applications that is sustainable and compostable. The composite material is made by blending lignin, a biodegradable polymer like polybutylene succinate, and a fibrous material like hemp. The lignin improves the biodegradability and sustainability of the packaging, while the biodegradable polymer provides processability. The fibrous material adds strength. The composite material can replace non-biodegradable plastics like polyethylene in packaging applications.

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Biodegradable barrier film for packaging applications that has improved oxygen barrier properties and transparency compared to existing biodegradable films. The film is made by alternately laminating layers of an aliphatic polyester like polylactic acid and a polyvinyl alcohol. This structure provides both oxygen barrier and transparency. The layers are melt extruded, alternated, and then biaxially stretched and heat set to form the film.

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Biodegradable multi-layer sheets for packaging applications that provide improved properties like barrier, strength, and processability compared to existing biodegradable sheets. The sheets have at least three layers, with an inner core layer made of thermoplastic starch (TPS) blended with another polymer. The outer layers are made of polybutylene succinate (PBSA) and/or polybutylene adipate terphthalate (PBAT). The TPS core layer improves processability and mechanical strength, while the PBSA/PBAT outer layers provide barrier properties. This composite layer structure provides a balance of properties for packaging applications like food packaging.

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Biodegradable multilayer film for packaging that balances mechanical, biodegradability, and optical properties. The film has separate layers with different compositions. Layer A contains a biodegradable polyester or polyvinyl alcohol. Layer B contains fillers like talc, carbonate, and isocyanate-containing crosslinkers. The film structure is A/B or A/B/A, where the A layer thickness is less than B. This allows high mechanical properties, biodegradability, and optical clarity compared to homogeneous films.

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A multilayer biodegradable film with improved uniformity, flexibility, and noise level compared to existing biodegradable films. The film has alternating layers of a polylactic acid-based polymer and an aliphatic polyester or aliphatic-aromatic copolymerized polyester. The uniformity of the polylactic acid layers is optimized to 0.2 μm or less. This reduces thickness variations between layers. The film has good balance of properties like flexibility, transparency, and noise level compared to films with only polylactic acid layers. It also has better interlayer adhesion and processing.

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Biodegradable packaging material comprising a substrate layer and a biodegradable resin layer, wherein the biodegradable resin layer comprises a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) resin, the biodegradable resin layer has a heat-sealing strength of 0.5 to 15 kgf/15 mm, and the biodegradable multilayer film has a water vapor transmission rate of 3 g/m2 atm day or less and an oxygen transmission rate of 10 cc/m2 atm day or less.

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A biodegradable compostable composite film with improved heat sealability and compostability. The film comprises a core layer of polylactic acid (PLA) and a non-PLA modifier, and a heat sealant layer of amorphous PLA and a modifier with a low glass transition temperature. The film has a seal initiation temperature below 176°F, a plateau seal strength above 800 g/in, and a heat sealing temperature window of 152-240°F. The film is suitable for packaging applications and can be composted at home.

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Biodegradable and compostable containers made from a material that can be composted at home. The container material is a composite of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolymer (90-98%) and titanium dioxide (1-10%). The PHA biopolymer is a renewable, biodegradable polymer derived from sources like corn or potato starch. The titanium dioxide provides whiteness but other compostable pigments could be used for color. This container material can be composted in home composting environments, unlike some other biodegradable packaging that requires industrial composting facilities.

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Paperboard structures with enhanced processing characteristics through the incorporation of talc into poly(butylene succinate) and poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) coatings. The talc, a mineral filler, improves extrudability of these polymers while maintaining their processing characteristics. The coating composition is formulated to balance polymer-to-talc ratios for optimal processing and performance, including heat-sealing properties.

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Most of the conventional polymeric materials are not easily degraded because they are resistant against microbial attack, and they accumulate in the environment and represent a significant source of environmental pollution. Packaging materials based on environmentally friendly polymeric materials might be a solution to help control the environmental pollution and resolve other problems posed by non-degradable synthetic polymers. Biodegradation and composting techniques have been accepted worldwide as one of the most promising technologies to determine the biodegradability of polymeric materials. Scientific and technological development in the field of biodegradation and biopolymers has since then progressed significantly, and today, verified biodegradable plastic products are available in most of the larger shops. In this chapter, the issue of degradable polymers and plastics, with particular emphasis on the development of bio-based materials and their biodegradation, is discussed in detail.

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Compostable articles like packaging that are both durable and biodegradable. The articles contain biodegradable polymers like polybutylene succinate (PBS) along with hydrophobic agents. This composition provides water resistance and durability. The articles can be made by coating one side of a PBS film with a hydrophobic polymer and the other side with a PBS blend. This allows sealing the edges when making bags, pouches, or envelopes. The compositions can also have fillers and coatings.

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Currently, the food industry is thriving with immense economic growth but concurrently facing irredeemable ecological damage. Packaging waste management has become a major global concern in recent years since it makes up around 65% of all solid waste generated worldwide. Approximately, 80% of plastic wastes are directly discarded in the environment or collected in landfills. So, there is an exigency for exploring the concept of sustainable packaging with new principles to reduce pollution from plastic waste. Food biowastes are considered a serious socioeconomic and environmental menace, and so their systematic management is essential. These biowaste-based materials including agricultural residues can be used for developing innovative packaging materials (biodegradable and compostable) in order to replace conventional packaging materials like petrochemical plastics as they emit zero greenhouse gases and can be recycled with the emission of negligible landfill waste. Bio-based and biodegradable packaging materials including biopolymers, biocomposites, and edible films are considered ne... Read More

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Compostable single-serve food packaging adapted for liquids like sauces that can decompose in compost along with the contents. The packaging has a compostable molded tray with a barrier film or impregnated barrier, and a peelable lid sealed around the opening. The molded tray can be made of compostable fibers, and the barrier can be applied by coating or impregnation. This allows compostable packaging for liquids like sauces that can decompose in compost along with the contents. The peelable lid enables easy opening and disposal. The compostable materials enable the entire package to decompose in compost.

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Compostable cornstarch-based packaging that can contain items without using petrochemical plastics. The packaging is made from compostable materials that biodegrade in composting environments. This reduces environmental pollution compared to conventional plastic packaging that often ends up in landfills. The cornstarch-based compostable packaging aims to provide a more sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to traditional packaging materials.

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Paper-based packaging films with high barrier properties, recyclability, and compostability. The films have a paper component attached to a multilayer barrier film containing a compostable polymer. The barrier film is transferred to the paper using a process like PVD coating. The films have at least 80% paper content and less than 5% non-compostable materials. The paper component can delaminate during recycling due to the water-sensitive adhesive between the paper and barrier. The films provide high barrier properties, sealing performance, and options for recycling or composting.

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Preparing high-barrier biodegradable packaging films with good mechanical properties. The films are made by extrusion blowing a composite of polyglycolic acid (PGA) and poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) at specific ratios. The PGA provides barrier properties against oxygen and water vapor, while the PBSA adds toughness. The PBSA is dispersed in fibrous form within the PGA matrix by optimizing extrusion blowing conditions. This improves the mechanical strength and barrier properties compared to films made by press molding or low-rate extrusion blowing.

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A bioplastic molding material comprising biodegradable plastic and cellulose microfibers, with a biomass ratio of 90% by weight or more, that exhibits improved moldability and dispersibility without compromising appearance. The material is produced through a process involving drying of cellulose microfibers to a moisture content of 5% or less, followed by kneading with a biodegradable plastic using a pressure kneader.

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A biodegradable polyester resin composition with enhanced hydrolysis resistance and biodegradability. The composition comprises a polyester resin formed from a diol, aromatic dicarboxylic acid, and aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, a metal salt, and a silicon-based hydrolysis agent. The silicon-based agent reacts with the polyester resin to form a stable complex, improving hydrolysis resistance while maintaining biodegradability. The composition exhibits high hydrolysis degree in water and rapid biodegradation, making it suitable for disposable products.

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Biodegradability is an increasingly beneficial property of sustainable materials, particularly for single-use packaging. Biodegradation rates can vary dramatically depending on the conditions, whether aerobic or anaerobic, aqueous or nonaqueous (e.g., compost). We describe protocols of several standard biodegradation test methods, spanning marine, compost, and anaerobic environments. Simple methods to analyze biodegradation rates are also described.

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Biodegradable and compostable storage bags with zipper closures that can be composted in a home environment. The bags are made from a laminate composition with a high barrier, heat-sealable compostable film as the inner layer. This film is biodegradable, compostable, and made from renewable resources. The outer layers can be different materials like paper or plastic, as long as they can be composted along with the inner film. The compostable inner layer allows the bags to break down in a home compost bin instead of ending up in landfill.

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This article explores the chemical innovations driving the production of compostable cellophane materials. It discusses the advancements in polymer chemistry that have enabled the development of cellophane materials with enhanced compostability. The focus is on the synthesis of biodegradable polymers, the incorporation of environmentally friendly additives, and the overall impact of these innovations on the sustainability of cellophane. The article also examines the challenges in balancing compostability with material performance and the implications for the packaging industry.

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Biodegradable packaging sheets comprising a multilayered structure with improved mechanical properties, barrier performance, and optical clarity. The sheets feature a cellulose diacetate-based inner layer, a PLA-based inner layer, and outer layers comprising a combination of PBSA and PLA. The cellulose diacetate layer is enhanced with a plasticizer and chain extender to improve processability and mechanical properties. The PLA-based inner layer provides strength and barrier performance, while the PBSA-based outer layers offer flexibility and optical clarity. The multilayered structure enables the creation of biodegradable packaging sheets with improved performance characteristics for food and liquid packaging applications.

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The growing production demand and promising applications of biodegradable plastic have spurred interest in assessing the biodegradability of this material. Disintegration is the first stage of the biodegradation process and therefore it affects the most important on the biodegradability of materials. This research focuses on evaluating and comparing the disintegration ability of eco-friendly packaging, which is being produced and commonly consumed in Vietnam, under industrial composting conditions at laboratory scale according to TCVN 12409:2020 standard and pilot scale according to TCVN 12408:2020 standard. The variations in temperature, humidity, pH, and visual appearance were monitored during the composting process. The results showed that the disintegration behaviours of eco-friendly packaging are similar at both scales. The disintegration rate of eco-friendly packaging at both testing scales reached over 90% after 84 days.

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Biodegradable ice pack made from biodegradable polymers that can be composted or buried without causing environmental pollution. The ice pack has two layers: an outer layer with 50% or more PLA (polylactide) and an inner layer with 50% or more PBAT (polybutylene adipate terephthalate). The layers are laminated, folded inside out, and heat-fused to seal. This structure allows the outer PLA layer to protect the inner PBAT layer from moisture while still enabling biodegradation. The PLA layer provides mechanical strength and water resistance, while the PBAT layer absorbs water and freezes. When discarded, both layers biodegrade naturally.

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Currently, bioplastics, which are bio-based (biodegradable/non-biodegradable) plastics, account for about 1% of the approximately 390 million tons of plastic produced annually. But as demand is rising, and with more new materials demerging, the market is already growing very dynamically. Europe ranks the 1st place in the field of research and development of bioplastics. About a fifth part of the worlds volume of such materials, produce here. The development of such technologies in Russia goes slowly. Biodegradable plastics are mainly produced from starch, polylactic acid and cellulose. Moreover, all of components are biodegradable. So-called biocomposites are also available, which are a mixture of a polymer with a filler introduced in order to reduce the cost of materials and/or to improve the chemical-mechanical properties of the product. The obtaining of biodegradable packaging materials by fermentation process is very expensive. Traditional synthetic plastics with biodegradable additives introduced into them need special composting conditions. In this article, there is the market... Read More

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A biodegradable polymer composition for films that disintegrates in home composting and biodegrades in marine environments. The composition comprises an aliphatic polyester with a high succinic acid content, an aliphatic-aromatic polyester, and lactic acid polyesters. The aliphatic polyester has a dicarboxylic component comprising 60-95% succinic acid units and 5-40% units from saturated dicarboxylic acids. The composition also includes an inorganic filler and a crosslinking agent.

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Paper laminate with improved recyclability, biodegradability, and environmental friendliness compared to conventional paper laminates. The laminate has a recyclable and/or biodegradable paper layer, an adhesive layer, a water-dispersible nanocomposite barrier layer, and a sealing layer. The nanocomposite barrier is made from nanoplatelets dispersed in water. This allows the barrier to be recycled by dissolving in water during recycling processes, and biodegradable if improperly disposed. The adhesive and sealing layers are also water-soluble. This allows the paper to be biodegradable and recyclable in water environments. The water-dispersible nanocomposite barrier layer prevents moisture ingress while still allowing dissolution in water.

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Preparing a biodegradable polymer composition with improved properties by modifying starch and blending it with PBAT. The modified starch is made by processing starch with a compatibilizing agent like glycerol at high temperature and shear in a twin-screw extruder. This makes a hydrophobic starch that is insoluble in water. Blending this modified starch with PBAT in the extruder at similar temperatures gives a biodegradable polymer with better mechanical properties compared to blending unmodified starch and PBAT. The high modified starch content provides strength without compromising water resistance.

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Biodegradable packaging materials generally comprise a solution to the environmental problem caused by the consecutive use of conventional packaging materials (petroleum-based materials) even though these have a high cost. The monomers resulting from the slow degradation of petroleum-based materials contribute to the pollution of the environment. Biodegradable packaging materials distinguished by high biodegradability and biocompatibility can successfully replace the aforementioned packaging materials and thus solve the environmental problems caused by their use or deposition. Although several of the biodegradable packaging materials present defective properties, mainly mechanical and barrier properties, these are reduced or even eliminated by the addition of various improving additives and by blending them with other biopolymers. Various natural preservatives such as essential oils or other phytochemical extracts can also be incorporated into the biopolymer network to increase its efficacy. This treatment is particularly beneficial since it contributes to the increasing of the shelf... Read More

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Laminate for food packaging and lids that balances gas barrier, adhesive strength, and biodegradability. The laminate has a gas barrier layer made from a modified starch with high amylose content (45% by mass or more) and a water-soluble polymer. This layer is adjacent to a substrate. The laminate has a high biodegradability (80% or more) when tested. The modified starch with high amylose content provides good gas barrier properties. The water-soluble polymer helps adhesion between the barrier layer and substrate. The biodegradable laminate is suitable for food packaging and lids that can break down in composting conditions.

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Biodegradable packaging materials with enhanced gas barrier properties that replace traditional petroleum-based polymers. The materials incorporate biocarbon-based fillers in combination with conventional biodegradable polymers, achieving superior oxygen and water barrier performance. The biocarbon fillers, derived from renewable biomass sources, provide enhanced oxygen barrier properties compared to conventional oxygen scavengers, while maintaining high water barrier performance. The materials exhibit excellent gas barrier properties, making them suitable for applications requiring high oxygen and water barrier performance, such as food packaging and pharmaceutical applications.

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Compostable food wrap that can be used to package food, whether hot or cold, and especially food from “fast food” type establishments. The wrap includes a first layer of paper material, a second layer of paper material, and a series of coatings between the paper materials.

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A biodegradable article comprising a wax-coated cellulosic film and a paper-based substrate, where the wax coating is derived from natural waxes and provides moisture resistance and food contact properties comparable to chemically modified coatings, while eliminating the environmental impact associated with synthetic materials.

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Biodegradable, compostable, and recyclable protective packaging materials made from compositions containing wood fibers, binder, surfactant, water, and optional additives. The compositions are combined with air to form foams that can be dried using microwave or RF heating to expand significantly in all directions. The resulting super-expanded foams provide padding and protection for environmentally conscious packaging applications like envelopes, mailers, and cushioning.

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Compostable flexible packaging films and bags that disintegrate quickly when composted. The films have a sandwich structure with an inner layer made of water-soluble modified PVOH surrounded by two outer layers made of starch-based biopolymers. The outer layers resist water vapor and oxygen permeation. This protects the inner layer from disintegration when exposed to moisture, allowing the entire film to compost rapidly. The compostability is triggered by the inner layer disintegrating when composted.

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Food-grade multilayer film for flexible containers that combines barrier properties with mechanical strength for semi-liquid products. The film comprises a cellulose-based barrier layer with enhanced moisture barrier performance, followed by a PBSA-based middle layer. This multilayer structure maintains product integrity during handling and transportation while achieving the desired level of oxygen and water vapor transmission. The film is biodegradable and compostable, suitable for applications requiring both mechanical stability and environmental sustainability.

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A multi-layer packaging film structure for food and consumer products that is biodegradable and compostable. The structure includes a barrier web with a core layer, skin layer, and sealant layer, all of which are made from biodegradable polymers such as poly(3-hydroxypropionate). The barrier web exhibits low oxygen permeability and good heat seal properties, making it suitable for packaging applications. The structure is home compostable and can be used in place of traditional petroleum-based packaging materials.

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The biobased, biodegradable, and compostable advanced materials are one of the emerging technologies in the area of packaging, mainly due to the current need to use alternative materials to those based on fossil fuels, such as petroleum, both in the food industry and in all those industries in which plastic materials are used. Therefore, this chapter addresses the different polymers and their natural sources, as well as their properties, additives, and formulations that present an improvement and advantages for the design of new packaging that can be a viable and natural alternative for use in food preservation, including those considered as active or intelligent packaging. Additionally, the functional properties of packaging, the current state of the market for biobased materials and packaging, and additional perspectives to this field of new biomaterials generation are addressed.

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Biodegradable and compostable bags for food products that improve durability and presentation while reducing environmental impact compared to traditional plastic bags. The bags are made from a continuous laminate that combines a bioplastic film with paper layers. The bioplastic film provides barrier properties to prevent moisture and gas transfer, while the paper layers provide durability, strength, and barrier to electrostatic charge. This allows the bioplastic film to be covered by paper layers, reducing exposed surface for moisture and gas transfer, improving product shelf life. The paper also provides a barrier to electrostatic charge that improves bag handling and welding compared to bioplastic alone.

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The development of biodegradable packaging materials can decrease the environment pollution generated by synthetic polymers like plastics. The utilization of biodegradable polymers over non-biodegradable polymers is a good choice for reducing environmental damage and preserving natural resources. The biodegradable polymers are categorized into natural, synthetic, and microbial biopolymers. These are non-toxic, compostable, and biodegradable. The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of biodegradable packaging and recent developments regarding their applications for food products. The natural and synthetic biodegradable packaging materials, their sources, and film properties have been discussed in detail.

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The contribution of plastic packaging in food is substantial, but issues associated with its biodegradability and recycling initiates major concerns for environment and human health thus necessitating substitution of conventional synthetic plastics with bio-based packaging materials. Studies have demonstrated economic competition of bio-based materials with synthetic plastics because of their biodegradability, wide availability, excellent barrier and mechanical properties. These materials can be commercialized on a large scale but still somehow are under-investigated in many areas. Moreover, some of the influencing factors including confusion between bio-based and biodegradability pose a significant challenge on evolution of bio-based packaging. Therefore, the review focuses on bio-based packaging materials derived from various renewable resources like biomass, microorganisms and microalgae involving their possible food packaging applications along with required development in multiple regions for proper utilization of offered advantages in the food packaging market.

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In the course of the past two decades, biodegradable polymers have established to serve in form of compostable or soil-biodegradable items as sustainable alternatives to standard plastics in applications where their property of biodegradability adds value. BASF has been a pioneer in this field of action with their commercially available products ecoflex and ecovio. Based on continuous research and development at the edge between polymer chemistry and microbiology, not only new developments were realized in the recent past but also a deep understanding about biodegradation under various conditions could be generated. This chapter provides an up-to-date picture about the chemistry and biodegradation, about processing, applications as well as the sustainability contribution of ecoflex and ecovio.

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Innovative packing (IP) is an advanced technology, which provides a modern system for food industry. Among the other conventional packaging materials, plastic is considered superior because of its physical quality. However, being a fossil-based polymer, it not only depletes nonrenewable sources, but additionally becomes a threat to the environment by generating tons of nonbiodegradable solid waste. In order to reduce negative impact on environment and fulfill customer demand, innovative packaging solutions have been designed. The bio- and petroleum-based polymers have much structural similarities with each other; additionally, they are low cost, biodegradable in nature, and can be easily assessed from renewable resources. Researchers are gaining interest in creating bio-based composite materials that have improved strength, higher stability, enhanced barrier, and antimicrobial properties. This chapter summarizes the recent research trends and developments associated with biodegradable nanocomposite food packaging technologies that can decrease the negative impact on the environment c... Read More

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The food industry is currently confronting a wide range of difficulties in ensuring the quality of food with a longer shelf life and long-term preservation. The industries have been able to tackle these issues due to sustainable and biodegradable food packagingFood packaging materials based on biopolymersBiopolymers. Due to their superior biodegradability, renewability, bioavailability, and non-toxicity, these eco-friendly materials are also reducing the environmental issues connected to plastic-related pollution. Presented here are biopolymer-based food packaging materials and their composites that influence the qualities of food packaging. This analysis also highlights existing research studies for leveraging these ecologically friendly materials in food packagingFood packaging applications.

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