Nano-Engineered Anti-Reflective Coatings for Solar Panels

A high-hardness dual-repellent self-cleaning anti-reflection coating for photovoltaic cells that combines superior mechanical durability with enhanced optical performance. The coating comprises a high-hardness formula containing perfluorooctyl ethyl acrylate, KH-570, methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, KH-171, methyl methacrylate, methacryloxy-cage polysilsesquioxane, and azobisisobutyronitrile. The coating is prepared through a controlled pH adjustment process that creates a unique nanostructured surface with enhanced mechanical strength and self-cleaning properties. The coating achieves 95.4% visible light transmittance while maintaining high Vickers hardness of 3422 HV, making it suitable for photovoltaic applications where both optical and mechanical performance are critical.

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A method for creating a high-efficiency, anti-reflective, and self-cleaning solar cell coating that achieves superior performance compared to conventional materials. The coating is prepared through a novel modification of silica sol that enables enhanced hydrophobicity and anti-reflective properties without the need for aging processes. The modified sol is formulated by combining perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane with n-hexane, which selectively enhances the silica sol's surface properties. The resulting coating exhibits exceptional light transmission in the 300-900 nm range, reaching 99.4% transmittance at 580 nm. This coating can be applied to photovoltaic panels to significantly improve their visible light absorption rate and photoelectric conversion efficiency, while also preventing dirt and dust accumulation.

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Anti-reflective film layer for photovoltaic glass that combines high-performance anti-reflective properties with improved durability and environmental stability. The film comprises a main anti-reflective layer comprising nano-silica dispersion, hollow silica particles, and pore-forming agent, with a secondary anti-reflective layer comprising fluorine-containing resin, curing agent, and nano-scale inorganic particles. The film achieves enhanced anti-reflective performance while maintaining superior optical clarity and environmental resistance compared to conventional anti-reflective coatings.

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A method for creating three-dimensional nanostructures on solar cell surfaces through controlled deposition of vaporized material. The method employs a mask with strategically positioned openings to create sloped nanostructures with controlled angles, enabling enhanced internal reflection and absorption. The sloped nanostructures are formed by vaporizing material through controlled deposition, allowing precise control over the nanostructure's geometry and angle. This approach enables the fabrication of complex nanostructures on solar cell surfaces without the need for traditional physical texturing methods.

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A multifunctional self-cleaning nanocoating for solar cells and window surfaces that combines anti-reflective, hydrophobic, and electrostatic properties. The coating features a hydrophobic top layer that repels water and dust, a photocatalytic layer that protects against organic pollutants, and a nanoscale structure that enhances light transmission and reflection control. The coating achieves self-cleaning through a surface modification process that creates a hydrophobic surface through nano-roughness, while maintaining mechanical stability through micro-roughness. This multifunctional coating enables optimized performance across multiple functional requirements without compromising the coating's overall performance.

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A nanoscale coating for solar photovoltaic panels that enhances light transmission while maintaining hydrophobic properties. The coating employs nanoparticles with controlled hydrophobicity and surface roughness to prevent dust and organic impurities from adhering to the solar panel surface. This nanoscale coating achieves high light transmission while maintaining the panel's self-cleaning capability, enabling continuous operation without manual cleaning.

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Coating solution composition for solar modules that prevents reflection and contamination through a novel hybrid composite material. The composition combines SiO2 and TiO2 in a specific ratio to achieve both anti-reflective and anti-soiling properties. The composition is synthesized through a room-temperature curing process and electrostatic spray coating method, enabling effective protection of solar modules in field environments without compromising their performance.

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A coating material for photovoltaic solar panels that combines anti-reflective and self-cleaning properties through a novel nanocomposite system. The coating comprises a matrix of polylactic acid (PLA) with titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles as base components. This nanocomposite system enables the coating material to exhibit both hydrophobic and photocatalytic properties, while maintaining compatibility with glass substrates. The coating achieves its self-cleaning effect through the hydrophobic interaction between the coating material and water droplets, while preventing direct sunlight reflection. This innovative coating material enables enhanced solar energy conversion while maintaining environmental sustainability.

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A solar cell front plate with enhanced optical clarity and reduced glare through nano-coating and surface modification. The front plate features an anti-glare nano-coating applied to the surface, followed by surface imprinting of lattice-structured grooves. This lattice pattern distribution enhances light transmission while maintaining optical clarity, while the nano-coating provides superior anti-glare performance. The front plate can be fabricated using flexible substrates, enabling practical integration into solar panels.

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Antireflective multilayer article with nanostructures that enables broadband suppression of light reflection across a wide spectral range. The article comprises a substrate, at least two layers with different refractive indices deposited on top of one another, and a pattern of nanoparticles with refractive indices matching the multilayer layers, with the nanoparticles having a refractive index within ±10% of the layer materials. The nanostructures are fabricated using sputtering deposition and patterning techniques, with the nanoparticles having dimensions below 1 nm. The resulting surface exhibits superior optical performance across the visible and near-infrared spectrum compared to traditional multilayer coatings, while maintaining superior mechanical durability.

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A self-cleaning solar energy anti-reflection film structure and battery technology that enhances power conversion efficiency through a novel nanoscale antireflection coating. The coating comprises a silicon nitride layer with a thickness of 55-65nm, an oxygen-rich silicon dioxide layer with a thickness of 4-10nm, and a nanoscale zinc oxide layer with a thickness of 6-12nm. These nanoscale layers are deposited through PECVD and exhibit superior optical matching characteristics compared to conventional anti-reflection coatings. The nanoscale zinc oxide layer, with its high refractive index, enables effective light absorption while minimizing reflection. The silicon nitride and oxygen-rich silicon dioxide layers enhance the coating's optical properties, particularly in the visible and near-infrared spectral range. The self-cleaning solar energy antireflection film structure enables efficient light transmission while maintaining optical matching, resulting in improved power conversion efficiency for solar cells.

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Superhydrophobic anti-reflection film and photovoltaic glass that combines enhanced light transmission with improved water repellency. The film utilizes a unique nano-SiO2 sol derived from a tetraethyl orthosilicate-ethanol-water mixture, catalyzed by an alkali catalyst. The film achieves superior hydrophobicity while maintaining high light transmission, making it suitable for photovoltaic applications. The film is applied to glass substrates using a dipping and pulling process, resulting in a thickness of 100-80 nm.

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Composite antireflection film for silicon solar cells with improved antireflection properties. The film consists of a ZnO seed layer on the cell surface followed by a ZnO nanostructure layer grown on top. The seed layer improves the quality and growth speed of the nanostructure layer. The nanostructure can be cones, needles, or rods with controlled shape and thickness. The total film thickness is 10-9000 nm. The composite structure reduces reflection over a wider wavelength range compared to a single ZnO layer.

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Solar glass anti-reflective coating with self-cleaning functionality that combines high light transmission with enhanced cleaning performance. The coating comprises a self-cleaning high-reflection solar glass that incorporates a novel nanostructured surface with integrated photocatalytic properties. The coating's surface features nanostructured titanium dioxide particles that can be activated by light to facilitate self-cleaning through photocatalytic reactions. This dual-function coating achieves superior cleaning efficiency while maintaining high light transmission, making it particularly suitable for applications with heavy industrial pollution.

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Transparent solar glass with enhanced photovoltaic efficiency through a nano-coating that selectively absorbs UV and visible light while emitting infrared radiation. The coating, comprising a single-layer organic/inorganic film deposited by inkjet printing, is applied to the backside of the glass substrate. This innovative nano-structure enables the conversion of non-harvestable solar radiation into usable photons, significantly increasing the photovoltaic system's overall efficiency. The transparent solar glass design enables direct sunlight penetration while maintaining optical transparency, making it suitable for applications requiring both high transmittance and photovoltaic performance.

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A double-layer antireflection coating for solar cells that enhances efficiency through a novel combination of bottom and top layers. The coating consists of a bottom layer comprising a fluorinated silica polymer dispersion and a modified mesoporous silica dispersion, which are combined in a 2:1 ratio. The bottom layer is cured to form a thin, uniform layer. The top layer is prepared by mixing the modified mesoporous silica dispersion with a fluorinated silica polymer solution. The top layer is cured to form a thicker, more robust layer. The bottom and top layers are combined to create a wide-band antireflection coating that provides superior light management compared to conventional single-layer coatings.

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Coating for solar modules that combines enhanced anti-soiling properties with improved durability. The coating comprises an inorganic oxide layer with pores that contain a specific type of dense oxide particles. The dense oxide particles have an aspect ratio of at least 2 and a smaller diameter of 3-20 nm, and the coating formulation includes between 0.1-30 wt% aluminium oxide equivalents of aluminium containing compound. The dense oxide particles form a network that provides both anti-soiling and anti-reflective properties, while the aluminium oxide enhances durability. The coating formulation can be applied to substrates like cover glass and then converted into a functional coating.

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Thin-film solar cell with nanostructure anti-reflective layer and preparation method. The solar cell incorporates a nanostructure array anti-reflective layer with protrusions and depressions on the window layer surface, where the array features a moth-eye pattern. This nanostructure layer effectively suppresses light reflection at the interface between the window layer and air, thereby enhancing solar cell efficiency.

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A method for preparing antireflection coatings on solar cells by using a novel mesoporous silica nanoparticle precursor. The method involves preparing a solution containing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) with a specific concentration and concentration ratio, followed by the incorporation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) into the CTAB solution. The CTAB solution is then applied to the solar cell surface, where the MSNs form a thin film that enhances light transmission through the solar cell.

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A coating solution for improving the transmittance and environmental resistance of solar cell panels. The coating solution contains nano-TiO2, nano-SiO2, graphene quantum dots, PVP stabilizer, and water. The coating is applied to solar panels to improve light transmittance and environmental performance. The nano-TiO2 and nano-SiO2 provide antireflection and photocatalytic properties, while PVP stabilizes the nano-particles and improves coating adhesion. The graphene quantum dots enhance light transmission. The coating improves solar panel efficiency and durability in outdoor environments.

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Nanocone-based anti-reflective coatings for solar cells and photodetectors that achieve superior light trapping efficiency through a novel nanostructured surface. The coatings feature silicon nitride nanopillars on a silicon nitride layer, engineered to optimize destructive interference for broad-spectrum anti-reflective performance. By matching the refractive index of the silicon nitride layer to the surrounding medium, the nanocone structure creates an effective medium that enables omni-directional light collection while maintaining absorption characteristics. This approach enables high-efficiency solar cells and photodetectors with reduced reflection and improved optical quality, particularly at oblique angles of incidence.

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An improved anti-reflection film for crystalline silicon solar cells that reduces reflectivity and improves light transmission. The film is installed inside an anodized aluminum frame on the solar cell surface. It has four layers: a waterproof coating, an anti-reflection layer, an ultraviolet absorbing layer, and a nano glass plate with carbon nanocones. The layers provide functions like waterproofing, anti-reflection, UV absorption, and light transmission enhancement. The nano glass plate with carbon nanocones increases light transmission.

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A surface coating that reduces fouling of transparent or reflective surfaces like photovoltaic modules, solar thermal mirrors, and architectural glass through a nanoporous layer that simultaneously enhances hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity. The coating, comprising a hydrophobic surface and hydrophilic interior, prevents dust and dirt adhesion through capillary forces while maintaining optical transparency. This dual-hydrophobic-hydrophilic coating enables effective fouling reduction even in extreme desert environments, particularly in photovoltaic applications where water is scarce.

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Anti-reflective film for solar photovoltaic modules that combines high transmittance with enhanced mechanical properties. The film comprises hollow silica nanospheres (HSNs) coated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles, which are uniformly dispersed in an acid silica sol. The acid silica sol acts as a binder to improve the mechanical strength of the film, while the titanium dioxide nanoparticles enhance self-cleaning and durability. This one-step spin coating process enables the creation of a uniform, high-performance anti-reflective film with superior mechanical properties compared to conventional methods.

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Anti-reflective film for solar cells and photovoltaic modules that achieves superior performance across a broad spectrum of wavelengths beyond the conventional 550nm limit. The film comprises a base layer of silicon dioxide or silicon nitride and a nano-hollow sphere layer, with the base layer containing these materials. The nano-hollow sphere layer is composed of hollow spheres with diameters ranging from 10-100 nm, which effectively scatter and absorb shorter wavelengths of light while transmitting longer wavelengths. This multi-layer architecture enables the film to achieve an optimal refractive index profile that matches the silicon wafer's refractive index, thereby significantly reducing reflection losses across the solar spectrum.

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Plasmon composite anti-reflection film for solar cells that achieves enhanced light absorption through the synergistic effects of metal nanoparticles and localized electromagnetic fields. The film comprises a solar cell, metal nanoparticle layer, and anti-reflection layer. The metal nanoparticle layer is applied over the solar cell surface, with the scattering cross-section of the alloy particles used to enhance light scattering. The localized electromagnetic field around the nanoparticles is amplified to enhance light absorption. The anti-reflection layer is applied on top to further reduce light loss. This composite structure enables improved light absorption across the solar spectrum, leading to enhanced solar cell performance.

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Solar cell anti-reflective film for solar panels that enhances absorption by capturing and directing solar energy through nanostructured surfaces. The film integrates a nanostructure layer between the solar panel and a protective layer, where the nanostructure enables total internal reflection of solar radiation. This architecture significantly increases energy absorption compared to conventional anti-reflective coatings, enabling higher conversion efficiency in solar cells.

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Anti-reflective coating for solar cells that enhances light transmission while maintaining low reflectivity. The coating comprises a SiNx layer with a thickness of approximately 75 nm, combined with a surface modifier to improve storage stability of the coating solution. The coating is applied to the front surface of crystalline silicon solar cells, where it significantly reduces front reflectivity from 6% to below 1%, while maintaining high light transmission. The coating formulation enables efficient solar energy conversion by minimizing light loss through reflection.

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A broadband antireflection silicon dioxide hydrophobic film for photovoltaic applications that achieves high transmittance and water contact angle. The film is prepared through a novel process that combines a silica sol antireflection solution with a hydrophobic modification step. The solution, prepared under alkaline conditions, is used to form a silicon dioxide antireflection film, which is then modified with a surfactant to enhance its hydrophobicity. The modified film is then spin-coated onto glass substrates, achieving transmittance above 98% in the 593 nm band and a water contact angle of 145. This broadband antireflection film enables high-efficiency photovoltaic devices while maintaining excellent self-cleaning properties.

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A self-cleaning antireflection coating for solar cells that maintains its protective properties while preventing environmental degradation. The coating comprises a thin, wear-resistant layer that prevents dust and stain accumulation, while maintaining the antireflection properties. The coating is applied to the solar cell surface using a controlled deposition process that ensures uniform coverage and bonding between the coating and the glass substrate. This prevents the coating from delamination and maintains the solar cell's optical performance.

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A silicon-based antireflection film for solar cells that combines reduced reflectivity with improved performance against photoinduced degradation (PID). The film comprises a silicon oxynitride layer and a silicon nitride gradient layer, with the gradient layer having a thickness that optimizes reflectivity reduction while maintaining PID protection. This dual-layer structure enables both high reflectivity reduction and enhanced PID protection, enabling high-efficiency solar cells with improved light management properties.

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Antireflection coating for solar cells with minimal environmental impact. The coating comprises a silicon oxynitride film, a silicon nitride film, a titanium dioxide film, and a silicon dioxide film, with the silicon dioxide film being a silicon dioxide xerogel. The coating achieves an average reflectance of 1.49% under environmental conditions of 45°C and 95% relative humidity, making it suitable for solar cells operating in diverse environmental conditions.

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Anti-reflective coating composition and film for solar cells that combines high transmittance with superior durability. The composition comprises a water-soluble organic solvent with a refractive index less than 1.5, a nonionic surfactant, and an acid catalyst. The composition achieves high transmittance through its low refractive index while maintaining excellent durability through controlled surfactant concentration. The composition can be applied to solar cell modules to enhance light absorption efficiency without compromising optical quality.

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Antireflection coating layer for solar cells using nanostructured surfaces that reduces reflectivity while maintaining transparency. The coating employs a dual-layer nanostructure comprising a dense, high-density nanostructure on top of a thin film layer, with a porous nanostructure on top of the dense layer. This nanostructure configuration achieves optimal light transmission while minimizing light reflection, enabling improved solar cell efficiency.

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Flexible nanocone films for enhanced photovoltaic performance through improved light absorption, reduced reflection, and enhanced energy conversion. The films comprise a three-dimensional nanopillar array on aluminum foil, where the nanopillars can be customized in height and pitch to optimize absorption and reflection properties. The films provide hydrophobic properties through their surface energy, enabling water removal without requiring additional coatings. The films can be integrated onto photovoltaic cells to enhance light absorption and energy conversion efficiency, while maintaining flexibility and durability.

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Surface-level anti-reflective layer for solar cells achieving ultra-low reflectivity without additional coating. The layer comprises a textured surface structure with nanostructures protruding or recessed, and a conductive front and back layers. This hierarchical structure enables the solar cell to effectively reduce total internal reflection across the visible spectrum (400 nm to 1100 nm) through its unique surface morphology.

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A novel antireflection coating for solar cells that significantly improves light absorption by reducing reflection from the solar cell surface. The coating achieves its antireflection effect through a novel nanostructured monolayer that incorporates a material with a refractive index below 1.4, enabling efficient photon absorption. This approach overcomes the conventional limitations of conventional antireflection coatings by leveraging the unique properties of nanostructured materials. The coating's performance surpasses existing double-layer antireflection films while maintaining the necessary optical transparency for solar cell operation.

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Antireflective coatings for solar cells that selectively suppress infrared transmission while maintaining visible light suppression. The coatings employ a three-layer architecture with intermediate index layers between the visible and infrared transmission layers. The visible transmission layer has an index of refraction between 2.3 and 2.7, while the infrared transmission layer has an index of refraction between 1.8 and 2.1. This selective transmission minimizes infrared absorption while maintaining visible light suppression.

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A photovoltaic cell cover made by depositing a thin layer of carbon nanomaterials and tin oxide (IV) onto a substrate. The coating, comprising a substrate layer and a layer of tin oxide, provides high optical transparency while maintaining electrical conductivity. The coating is fabricated through a controlled solution process that enables precise control over thickness and composition, with the carbon nanomaterials and tin oxide layer forming a uniform, transparent film. This innovative approach enables the creation of flexible and transparent photovoltaic cell covers that can be used in a variety of applications, including solar panels, wearable devices, and radiation-sensitive devices.

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Self-cleaning solar cell anti-reflection film that enhances solar panel efficiency through photocatalytic and hydrophobic properties. The film comprises a base material of transparent tempered glass, with three layers: a silicon dioxide layer, a titanium dioxide layer, and a silicon dioxide layer. The silicon dioxide layer serves as the primary anti-reflective coating, while the titanium dioxide layer enhances photocatalytic activity. The hydrophobic silica layer prevents water and contaminants from adhering to the surface, enabling long-term outdoor performance while maintaining high solar efficiency.

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A solar glass coating that improves light conversion efficiency through a latent material-based approach. The coating comprises a composition containing nano-SiO2, nano-MgF2, ytterbium nitrate, erbium nitrate, and terbium nitrate, which undergoes a controlled thermal treatment to activate the latent conversion material. This process enables the conversion of near-ultraviolet and near-infrared light into visible light, with improved performance compared to traditional antireflection coatings. The coating is produced through a simple, solvent-free process that maintains environmental sustainability and cost-effectiveness, making it suitable for industrial applications.

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Solar cell element with an anti-reflection film that achieves improved efficiency through controlled pore expansion of the anti-reflective film. The element comprises a light-absorbing component, an anti-reflective film system, and a method for preparing the same. The anti-reflective film is formed using an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template with hexagonal periodic distribution of nano-holes. The AAO template is prepared through an anodization process where an aluminum oxide layer is formed on a substrate. The AAO layer is then oxidized in a sulfuric acid solution to create an aluminum oxide quantum confinement film (AlQ3) with hexagonal periodic distribution of nano-pores. The pore spacing of the AlQ3 film is controlled by adjusting the electrolyte and electrolysis voltage. The light-absorbing component is then treated with a phosphoric acid solution to increase the pore diameter of the nano-pores in the AlQ3 film. This process enables the creation of a multilayer anti-reflective film with controlled pore expansion, allowing the application of single-layer or multi-layer anti-reflective coatings to improve solar cell efficiency.

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A porous antireflection film for photovoltaic devices that combines high reflectivity with enhanced light conversion efficiency. The film comprises a matrix material containing metal oxides, with a specific composition that enables both antireflection and wavelength conversion properties. The film's porosity is engineered to optimize the refractive index at 550 nm wavelength, while maintaining transparency at other wavelengths. The porous structure enables controlled light absorption and reflection, enhancing photoelectric conversion in photovoltaic devices.

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Solar anti-reflective film with enhanced spectral conversion capability through the incorporation of carbon nanodots with up-down fluorescence conversion properties. The film is prepared by sol-gel processing, where carbon nanodots are added to the anti-reflective coating material. The nanodots' unique fluorescence conversion properties enable broad spectral conversion, enabling the film to selectively absorb and convert ultraviolet and infrared radiation, thereby increasing the solar cell's spectral response range. This approach enables higher efficiency solar cells while maintaining low-cost production.

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A high-performance, long-lasting anti-reflective coating for outdoor applications that combines superior abrasion resistance, UV protection, and weather durability. The coating comprises a fluoropolymer matrix with crosslinked fluoropolymers, combined with a UV-stabilized component and a UV-absorbing additive. The formulation provides excellent scratch resistance, UV protection, and barrier properties against moisture migration, making it suitable for demanding outdoor environments such as solar panels, photovoltaic cells, and decorative laminates.

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A broadband omnidirectional antireflection coating for photovoltaic cells that enhances light transmission across a wide range of incident angles. The coating is a composite material comprising a thin layer of a specific material that provides both anti-reflective and omnidirectional optical properties. This material is applied to the glass surface of photovoltaic cells to significantly increase light transmission beyond the typical 4% threshold, enabling higher power conversion efficiency in solar cells.

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A nanotechnology coating for photovoltaic panels that enables self-cleaning functionality through a surface treatment. The coating employs a nanomaterial that selectively binds to dust particles and debris, preventing their accumulation on the panel surface. This nanomaterial, when applied through a spray system, forms a protective layer that maintains the panel's optical efficiency while effectively cleaning it through natural processes.

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Solar cell with improved anti-reflective coating that enhances light conversion efficiency. The coating comprises a thin-film Cu(In,Ga)Se2 layer with nano-rods, which provides a uniform and omnidirectional anti-reflective surface. The nano-rods are formed from a metal oxide, specifically ZnO, and have diameters between 10-100 nm. The anti-reflective layer is followed by a second, metal fluoride-based anti-reflective layer, which further reduces surface reflectance. The solar cell achieves an average reflectivity of 7% or less at all incident angles, enabling higher conversion efficiency compared to conventional anti-reflective coatings.

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Coatings for transparent substrates like glass that combine anti-reflective, abrasion-resistant, and self-cleaning properties. The coatings are formed through a sol-gel process using silane precursors that undergo acid hydrolysis to form a stable, chemically inert film. The film exhibits superior performance over conventional anti-reflective coatings, including enhanced optical transparency, mechanical stability, and resistance to environmental degradation. The coatings are particularly suitable for solar panels and glass applications where durability and optical performance are critical.

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