Surface Passivation Techniques for Perovskite Solar Cells

High-stability perovskite solar cells with improved photovoltaic performance through a novel passivation method. The cells feature a perovskite light-absorbing layer with a specific perovskite structure, H2cM perovskite that forms a dense PbC layer on the perovskite surface upon reaction with exposed lead ions. This PbC layer effectively stabilizes the perovskite phase and prevents surface and grain boundary defects from causing photovoltaic losses. The PbC layer also enhances passivation of the perovskite surface, leading to improved stability and efficiency compared to conventional passivation methods.

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A perovskite solar cell with enhanced stability through a novel passivation layer preparation method. The method employs a chloroform/isopropanol processing route to create a passivation layer that specifically addresses interface defects and grain boundary issues in perovskite solar cells. The passivation layer is optimized using a solvent ratio of 100% isopropanol to 0% chloroform, followed by the use of linear alkyl ammonium bromide as the passivation material. This approach enables the formation of a perovskite passivation layer that not only suppresses defect formation but also minimizes non-radiative recombination sites and carrier quenching at the perovskite interface.

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Aniline compounds as perovskite surface passivators for solar cells, enabling improved device performance and stability through enhanced passivation and interface modification. The aniline compounds, specifically phenylpropylammonium iodide and phenylbutylammonium iodide, form stable 2D/3D heterojunctions with perovskite surfaces, while maintaining thermal stability. This approach addresses the limitations of conventional passivation agents by achieving both passivation and interface modification through a single solution process.

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Preparation method for passivating perovskite solar cell absorber layers through controlled temperature gradients. The method involves heating the passivation layer and cooling the perovskite absorber layer on opposite sides of the passivation layer, promoting ion diffusion through temperature gradients. This creates a diffusion pathway for cations from the passivation layer into the perovskite absorber layer, effectively passivating the perovskite structure while maintaining its optical properties.

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Carbon-based inorganic perovskite solar cells passivated by iron fluoride salt achieve enhanced photovoltaic performance through a novel passivation method. The solar cells employ a carbon-based perovskite layer with a perovskite structure, which is passivated by a fluoride-based passivation layer. The passivation layer is prepared using a one-step solution spin coating method on a ZnO electron transport layer, followed by a blade coating process to create the carbon electrode. This approach combines the benefits of perovskite solar cells with the stability and cost-effectiveness of carbon-based materials. The passivation layer suppresses non-radiative charge recombination while improving hydrophobicity, while the perovskite layer enhances light absorption. The combination provides improved photovoltaic performance compared to conventional perovskite solar cells.

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A perovskite solar cell passivation method that enhances device stability through surface treatment. The method employs 3-methoxyphenylethylamine (MPEA) as a passivation agent, which selectively targets surface defects and free iodide ions while maintaining carrier transport efficiency. The MPEA treatment enables improved photovoltaic performance and environmental durability compared to conventional phenylethyl ammonium iodide.

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A perovskite solar cell with enhanced stability and efficiency through the incorporation of a quasi-two-dimensional perovskite layer. The quasi-two-dimensional perovskite, with a fluorinated organic aromatic ammonium salt structure, is added to the perovskite layer in a controlled ratio (0.1%~1%) to improve device performance while maintaining environmental stability. The quasi-two-dimensional perovskite structure enables enhanced light absorption and charge transport properties, while its hydrophobic nature enhances device durability. The device architecture combines a transparent substrate with a conductive anode, hole transport layer, perovskite photosensitive layer, electron transport layer, and metal cathode, with the quasi-two-dimensional perovskite layer integrated in the perovskite layer.

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Surface passivated perovskite solar cells with enhanced device performance through a novel interface engineering approach. The solar cells feature a perovskite layer with an etched surface and a passivation layer with a filling structure that can accommodate the etched surface. This configuration enables the perovskite layer to achieve improved surface quality, reduced defects, and enhanced crystallization properties, while the passivation layer facilitates charge transport and device stability. The etched surface of the perovskite layer is specifically designed to promote micro-etching of the perovskite layer during the deposition process, creating a micro-etching surface that enhances interface engineering.

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Morpholine-modified perovskite solar cells with enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency through the incorporation of morpholine halide doping or surface modification. The morpholine halide selectively modifies perovskite layers while preventing grain boundary recombination centers, thereby improving charge transport and open-circuit voltage. The morpholine structure and halide ions in the morpholine halide selectively interact with perovskite defects, leading to improved solar cell performance.

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A perovskite solar cell with improved performance through a novel passivation strategy. The cell comprises a glass substrate with a FTO transparent electrode layer, an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, and an ionic liquid passivation layer. The perovskite layer is passivated with a surfactant layer to enhance its surface quality and interface contact with the transport layer. This dual-passivation approach addresses surface defects and interface issues, leading to improved photovoltaic performance, including enhanced open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, and fill factor.

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Passivating perovskite solar cells with phenyl sulfone small molecules to enhance their performance. The method involves sequential deposition of an electron transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, a phenyl sulfone-based passivation layer, and holes on a conductive glass substrate. The phenyl sulfone molecules interact with perovskite defects, preventing non-radiative recombination and improving charge extraction. The resulting perovskite solar cells exhibit enhanced light absorption, improved charge carrier transport, and increased efficiency compared to conventional perovskite solar cells.

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Perovskite solar cells with enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency and improved stability through the use of novel phenylalkylamine salts. The salts, comprising organic halides with C1-C5 alkyl groups, form a stable and efficient passivation layer on the perovskite surface. This layer prevents surface defects from affecting the photovoltaic performance, while maintaining open-circuit voltage comparable to traditional passivation layers. The salts enable improved passivation properties through their unique molecular structure, enabling higher solar cell efficiency compared to conventional passivation materials.

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Passivating perovskite solar cells through a novel surface modification approach that utilizes a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) functional layer. The process involves depositing a SAM layer on the perovskite absorption layer, followed by a precursor liquid containing a SAM powder and a propylenediamine halide salt. The SAM layer selectively modifies the perovskite surface, enhancing charge transfer efficiency and reducing surface defects through its self-assembled structure.

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Trans perovskite solar cells with enhanced stability and efficiency through a novel passivation layer design. The solar cells feature a perovskite layer, hole transport layer, and a thin layer of quinoxalinethiophene polymer-based passivation between the perovskite and electron transport layers. This layer prevents defects and non-ideal charge transport at the perovskite/electron transport interface, while maintaining uniform film thickness and surface quality. The passivation layer is prepared through a spin-coating process that enables precise control over molecular thickness and distribution. The solar cells achieve enhanced stability and efficiency compared to conventional perovskite solar cells, with improved surface passivation and reduced defects.

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Perovskite solar cell with improved passivation through a novel passivation layer containing 1,4-phenyl dithiol, 1,3-phenyl dithiol, 1,2-phenyl dithiol, and thiophenol. The passivation layer enhances charge transport while maintaining stability under ambient conditions, enabling higher photovoltaic efficiency and reduced environmental impact compared to conventional passivation agents.

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Perovskite solar cells with enhanced stability through novel passivation layers. The solar cells employ a combination of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite layers as the active material, with a thin all-inorganic perovskite passivation layer. This approach addresses the perovskite's inherent stability issues by preventing surface defects and ion migration through the use of a thin, all-inorganic layer. The passivation layer is specifically designed to maintain its optical properties while protecting the perovskite active material from environmental degradation. The solar cells achieve high efficiency and long-term stability through this integrated approach.

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A perovskite solar cell with enhanced stability and performance through a novel modification of the active layer. The cell incorporates a long-chain branched alkylammonium layer between the perovskite active layer and hole transport layer. This modification layer, comprising long-chain branched alkylammonium, is prepared through a precise solution processing method that selectively dissolves in organic solvents while maintaining structural integrity. The long-chain branched alkylammonium layer effectively protects the perovskite active layer from water vapor-induced degradation while maintaining the perovskite's photoelectric conversion efficiency.

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Passivated perovskite thin-film solar cells with enhanced stability and performance through controlled surface passivation. The passivation layer is prepared by combining a perovskite light-absorbing layer with a passivation agent, which forms a stable interface between the perovskite and the passivation layer. This passivation layer is specifically designed to address the common issues of organic passivation molecules detaching from the perovskite surface under thermal and light conditions, while maintaining strong ionic bonding with the perovskite layer.

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A perovskite solar cell with enhanced open-circuit voltage and stability through a novel passivation structure. The cell comprises a conductive base, hole transport layer, perovskite layer, passivation layer, electron transport layer, and barrier layer stacked in that order. The passivation layer is a thin oxide film with a vacuum pressure of 3x10^-10 torr, ensuring high purity and film density. This passivation layer prevents surface defects and non-radiative recombination, while maintaining charge transport properties. The cell's barrier layer enhances stability by preventing ion migration and degradation. The vacuum environment during deposition minimizes vapor-liquid interactions, resulting in a dense, high-quality film. The perovskite layer itself contains the photovoltaic material, with the hole transport layer and electron transport layer providing efficient charge transport. The barrier layer completes the cell's electrical interface.

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Preparing a perovskite solar cell that has high photoelectric conversion efficiency. The perovskite solar cell includes an alkali metal thiocyanate modified electron transport layer, which comprises a conductive substrate, an electron transport layer, an alkali metal thiocyanate modified layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, a hole transport layer and an electrode which are sequentially stacked.

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