Mesoscopic Architecture for Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite solar cells with improved electron transport layers that enhance efficiency and stability. The cells feature a graded electron transport layer that transitions from a SnOx precursor to a SnO2 precursor, with oxygen incorporation varying from the lower to the upper layer. This differential thin film architecture enables controlled oxygen incorporation, reducing defects and degradation while maintaining high carrier mobility. The system also incorporates fullerene-based electron transport layers between the perovskite and electron transport layers, further improving efficiency.

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A perovskite solar cell with enhanced efficiency and stability through a novel preparation method. The cell comprises a transparent conductive substrate, a ceria-titanium dioxide composite layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, a titanium disulfide layer, an antioxidant layer, and a metal electrode. The composite layer is prepared through a hydrothermal synthesis method, followed by the deposition of the perovskite light-absorbing layer using a gas phase method. The titanium disulfide layer is deposited using a thermal injection method, and a graphene film is deposited on the titanium disulfide layer using chemical vapor deposition. The metal electrode is deposited using screen printing. The cell achieves high photoelectric conversion efficiency while maintaining long-term stability compared to conventional perovskite solar cells.

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A stable and efficient perovskite solar cell with enhanced performance through a novel quasi-two-dimensional perovskite structure. The device incorporates a transparent substrate, conductive anode, hole transport layer, perovskite photosensitive layer, electron transport layer, and metal cathode arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The quasi-two-dimensional perovskite, comprising a fluorinated organic aromatic ammonium salt, is introduced to the perovskite photosensitive layer at a controlled concentration. This modification enables improved photovoltaic efficiency while addressing the stability challenges associated with traditional perovskite materials.

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A perovskite solar cell with enhanced stability and efficiency through a novel architecture. The cell features a transparent conductive substrate, a window layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, and an anti-UV hydrophobic layer distributed from bottom to top. The transparent conductive substrate is replaced with a TiO2-based window layer, followed by a perovskite light-absorbing layer deposited using a liquid phase method. The perovskite layer is then cured using a photocuring process, followed by deposition of an anti-UV hydrophobic layer. The cell's front and back electrodes are achieved through vacuum evaporation. This architecture combines the benefits of perovskite solar cells with improved stability and efficiency compared to conventional perovskite solar cells.

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A fully vacuum process heterojunction trans-perovskite tandem solar cell that achieves high efficiency through a novel multi-layer architecture. The cell comprises a front metal conductor layer, a front amorphous structure transparent conductive protection, a perovskite absorption layer, a hole transport layer, and a heterojunction layer. The transparent conductive protection layer is made of indium zinc oxide (IZO) with a thickness of 50-200 nm and a resistivity below 7 x 10^4 Ω cm. The transparent conductive protection layer is integrated with the front metal conductor layer to provide a uniform and efficient electrical path. The perovskite absorption layer and hole transport layer are positioned between the transparent conductive protection layer and the heterojunction layer, while the heterojunction layer enables efficient charge separation and collection. This multi-layer design enables the tandem solar cell to achieve conversion efficiencies exceeding 26% through optimized charge transport and collection.

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A perovskite solar cell with enhanced stability and efficiency through a novel RGO/m-TiO2 architecture. The cell features a titanium dioxide (TiO2) dense layer attached to the transparent conductive glass (TCG) substrate, followed by a mesoporous layer of RGO (Reduced Graphene Oxide) on top. The RGO/TiO2 layer is then connected to the TiO2 dense layer, forming a perovskite light-absorbing layer. The cell incorporates a hole transport layer and silver electrode. The TCG substrate is treated with ultrasonic and ozone after etching to enhance its conductivity. This architecture addresses the thermal and photodegradation challenges of traditional perovskite solar cells by integrating a dense TiO2 layer with a mesoporous RGO layer, which improves charge carrier mobility and stability.

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A light-transmitting laminated perovskite solar cell and photovoltaic module that enhances visible light absorption while maintaining high efficiency. The cell architecture features symmetrically arranged perovskite absorption layers with charge transport layers on both sides, arranged between the electrodes. The perovskite absorption layers have absorption bands between 200-300 nm, and the charge transport layers are either electron or hole transport layers. The cell architecture incorporates a glass cover plate with a thickness that allows sequential stacking of the perovskite layers, with the width of the perovskite layer on the glass plate exceeding 2 microns. This design enables efficient light transmission while maintaining high solar conversion efficiency.

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Perovskite solar cells with enhanced stability and efficiency through a novel composite protection layer. The solar cells incorporate a boron nitride layer and graphene layer in sequential contact with the perovskite layer, forming a protective barrier that prevents degradation while maintaining charge transport properties. This composite structure enables improved long-term stability compared to conventional perovskite solar cells, particularly in applications requiring extended operational periods.

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Perovskite solar cell applied to a photovoltaic glass curtain wall. The cell includes a metal bottom electrode, an electron transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, hole transport layer and the top electrode that set gradually from bottom to top, metal bottom electrode is connected with first lead wire, the top electrode is connected with the second lead wire.

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Perovskite solar cells with enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency achieved through the optimization of light transmission through the perovskite layer. The cell design incorporates a transparent base material with a conductive interlayer, followed by a perovskite layer, electron transport layer, and electrode layer. A novel optical matching layer is integrated between the conductive interlayer and electrode layer, ensuring optimal light transmission while maintaining electrical contact. This configuration enables the perovskite layer to absorb a broader spectrum of light, thereby increasing the overall conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

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Perovskite solar cells with enhanced stability in ambient conditions through a novel 3D/2D perovskite heterojunction approach. The cells integrate a 2D perovskite layer directly on the 3D perovskite absorber, with the 2D layer anchored to the 3D structure through oleylammonium-iodide (OLAI) molecules. This architecture enables passivation of surface defects and ion migration, while maintaining high power conversion efficiency and long-term stability in ambient conditions. The 2D layer is specifically engineered to be passivated at the interface with the 3D perovskite, addressing the conventional limitations of conventional 2D perovskite passivation strategies.

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High-performance transperovskite solar cells with improved stability, open-circuit voltage, and carrier mobility. The cells feature a bottom-to-top structure with a conductive glass substrate, a perovskite layer with a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer with a hole blocking layer, and a perovskite layer with a hole transport layer. The perovskite layer is modified with a conjugated organic molecule, specifically 3,6-dibromocarbazole, which enhances carrier mobility and reduces interface recombination through improved lateral transport within the perovskite lattice. The modified perovskite layer achieves higher open-circuit voltage and carrier mobility compared to conventional perovskite cells, while maintaining stability and mechanical integrity.

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Perovskite-based semi-transparent solar cells with improved power conversion efficiency and visible transmittance. The solar cells incorporate a photoactive layer comprising at least one polyacrylic acid polymer in an amount greater than or equal to 3% by weight, preferably between 4% and 15% by weight, with respect to the total weight of the perovskite precursors. The polyacrylic acid polymer enhances the perovskite's photoelectric properties while maintaining transparency. The solar cells achieve power conversion efficiency of 9.6% and average visible transmittance of 33.4% through a two-step deposition process.

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Semi-transparent perovskite-based photovoltaic cells (PVs) that combine the power conversion efficiency of perovskites with transparency in the visible spectrum. The PVs incorporate a polysaccharide-based inert polymer in a controlled ratio to perovskite precursor, achieving a transparency range of 26.8% to 9.7% in the visible spectrum. The PVs can be used in building-integrated photovoltaics, windows, and other applications requiring high transparency while maintaining photovoltaic efficiency. The PVs can be prepared through a controlled deposition process that balances perovskite material deposition with the incorporation of the inert polymer.

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Translucent perovskite solar cells with enhanced visible light transmission and efficiency, enabling building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) applications. The cells achieve superior performance through optimized perovskite active layer composition and buffer layer preparation. The transparent cathode is achieved through a novel silver grid line design, while the ultra-thin metal silver buffer layer is prepared using low-cost thermal evaporation. This approach enables the creation of transparent perovskite solar cells with photoelectric conversion efficiencies of up to 13.61% and average visible transmittance of 24.7%, while maintaining low production costs.

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Transparent oxide electrode for perovskite solar cells with enhanced optical and electrical properties. The electrode is fabricated using a low-temperature, low-damage target sputtering process that produces a high-transmittance, low-resistance oxide material suitable for amorphous solar cells. The electrode's unique composition and deposition conditions enable superior optical performance while maintaining device stability and efficiency compared to conventional metal electrodes.

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A solar cell design that achieves high-performance perovskite solar cells through a novel stacking configuration. The cell comprises a transparent glass substrate, a transparent electrode layer, a hole transport layer, a perovskite active layer, a hole transport layer, a multifunctional tin oxide layer, and a metal counter electrode layer. The cell's structure features a 10-50 nm thick multifunctional tin oxide layer and 5-20 nm diameter tin oxide nanoparticles in the multifunctional tin oxide layer. This configuration enables efficient carrier collection and transport through the transparent electrode layer and hole transport layer, while minimizing carrier loss through the perovskite layer.

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A stable perovskite solar cell with enhanced energy conversion efficiency and long-term durability, achieved through the use of a novel hole transport layer material. The cell features a transparent conductive layer, electron transport layer, perovskite layer, hole transport layer, and metal electrode, with the hole transport layer comprising 4,4-didodecylthiophene-2,2'-bis-1,3-dithiocyclopentadiene dissolved in toluene and applied using a spin coating process. This material provides improved hole mobility and stability compared to conventional hole transport layers, enabling higher energy conversion efficiency and longer cell lifetimes.

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Translucent organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells with improved stability through the use of conductive polymers as hole transport layers. The cells feature a transparent conductive glass substrate, followed by a tin oxide electron transport layer, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite light-absorbing layer, and a conductive polymer-modified hole transport layer. The conductive polymer layer enhances hole transport properties while maintaining transparency, while the perovskite layer retains high photoelectric conversion efficiency. The combination enables stable semitransparent solar cells with enhanced performance compared to conventional opaque solar cells.

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A high-efficiency and stable large-area translucent perovskite solar cell with enhanced performance through optimized interface layer preparation. The cell features a conductive substrate layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, and a seed layer, all of which are formed through controlled laser scribing and atomic layer deposition processes. The seed layer is specifically prepared by hydroxyl-modified zinc oxide crystals grown at low temperature, which enhances the interface between the perovskite layer and the substrate. This seed layer architecture enables uniform and free interfaces, leading to improved power conversion efficiency and stability. The cell also employs a transparent electrode made by magnetron sputtering of platinum and silver metal nanoarrays.

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