Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite solar cells with improved contact resistance and long-term stability through optimized metal fluoride layer deposition. The method involves precise control of evaporation rates during metal fluoride layer deposition, specifically targeting 0.01-0.05 nm/s for achieving dense and uniform layers. This controlled deposition enables the formation of continuous metal fluoride layers without island formation or decomposition, thereby enhancing device performance and durability.

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Double-sided tandem solar cell with improved light absorption at the bottom, enabling higher photoelectric conversion efficiency. The cell comprises a silicon lower cell with a grid electrode on its surface, a perovskite absorption layer with a thickness of 600 nm to 2,000 nm, and a connection layer connecting the lower cell to the perovskite upper cell. The connection layer enables efficient light absorption at the bottom while maintaining high efficiency in the top cell. The cell architecture addresses the conventional limitation of tandem solar cells by maximizing bottom light absorption through the connection layer.

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Wide bandgap perovskite solar cells with improved performance through enhanced defect reduction and reduced non-radiative recombination. The invention involves developing perovskite films with reduced defect density and non-radiative recombination, achieved through novel processing conditions and materials. The films enable higher open-circuit voltages and improved efficiency in tandem solar cells by addressing the underlying defects that limit perovskite performance.

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Cesium-lead-tin perovskite solar cell with improved crystallization control and uniformity. The cell features a transparent conductive substrate, hole transport layer, cesium-lead-tin perovskite active layer, electron transport layer, electron blocking layer, and metal electrode. The active layer is prepared by incorporating an additive that modulates lead-tin perovskite crystallization through carbonyl and hydrazine functional groups. This additive enables precise control over lead-tin perovskite growth conditions, leading to improved uniformity and crystallization characteristics. The cell architecture includes a transparent conductive substrate, hole transport layer, cesium-lead-tin perovskite active layer, electron transport layer, electron blocking layer, and metal electrode. The active layer is prepared by incorporating an additive that modulates lead-tin perovskite crystallization through carbonyl and hydrazine functional groups. This additive enables precise control over lead-tin perovskite growth conditions, leading to improved uniformity and crystallization characteristics.

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Solar cell with improved electron transport layer for perovskite solar cells, featuring a SnO2-doped tin oxide (SnO2-W) electron transport layer that enhances conductivity, transparency, and carrier transport characteristics. The layer is prepared through a novel process involving the addition of Spiro-OMeTAD (2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirodidrug) to the mixed solution, followed by precise control of the treatment conditions to achieve optimal performance. This approach enables the creation of a SnO2-W electron transport layer with superior optical and electrical properties compared to conventional materials.

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Perovskite solar cells with enhanced stability and flexibility through a novel barrier layer between the electron transport layer and source electrode. The barrier layer, comprising indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), or other transparent conductive oxides, prevents electrode penetration and ion migration while maintaining device performance. The barrier layer is deposited between the electron transport layer and source electrode, enabling high-efficiency solar cells with reduced degradation rates and improved long-term stability.

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A method for manufacturing high-efficiency perovskite solar cells with large-area light-absorbing layers through optimized slot die printing. The process involves coating perovskite precursor solutions on substrates at controlled temperatures (40-60°C) and precise coating speeds (170-190 mm/min), followed by annealing. The technique enables uniform, high-quality perovskite light-absorbing layers with reduced defects compared to conventional methods, resulting in improved solar cell efficiency and stability.

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Tin-based perovskite solar cells with improved stability and coverage through a novel perovskite precursor solution. The precursor solution comprises a terephthalic iron salt, an organic cation, tin halide, and a solvent. The solution is prepared through a controlled reaction of the terephthalic iron salt with the organic cation, tin halide, and solvent in a nitrogen atmosphere. This solution enables the formation of high-quality tin-based perovskite films with controlled crystallization rates and excellent stability, which are critical for commercial solar cell applications.

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Perovskite solar cell with enhanced durability through a novel transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer. The cell features a perovskite solar cell structure with a transparent conductive oxide layer between the source electrode and electron transport layer. This TCO layer, comprising an organic material with pi-orbital electrons, an element with an unshared electron pair, and an ionic functional group, prevents metal ions from diffusing into the perovskite layer, thereby preventing metal ion corrosion and degradation. The TCO layer also maintains optical transparency while maintaining low sheet resistance, enabling improved performance and stability in perovskite solar cells.

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Perovskite solar cell with enhanced stability through a novel transparent conductive oxide layer between the electron transport layer and source electrode. The layer, comprising a semiconducting metal oxide, prevents halide diffusion from the perovskite light-absorbing layer to the metal electrode interface, while maintaining transparency and sheet resistance. The layer is deposited between the electron transport layer and source electrode in a perovskite solar cell stack, with specific thickness ratios and deposition methods optimized for stability and performance.

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Perovskite solar cells with improved photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability, achieved through the use of a polymer compound with triarylamine as a repeating unit. The polymer, prepared through Buchwald-Hartwig polymerization, exhibits enhanced light absorption properties and maintains photovoltaic performance even under environmental stress conditions. This polymer serves as a hole transport layer in the perovskite solar cell architecture.

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Solar cells with improved photoelectric conversion efficiency through the use of a mixed perovskite material. The cells incorporate a perovskite compound containing a first metal element and a second metal element, along with a compound containing the second metal element and a secondary amine material having two or more carbon atoms. The secondary amine material is specifically designed to enhance hole transport properties while maintaining structural integrity. The mixed perovskite material enables efficient charge separation and transport across the solar cell, leading to enhanced conversion efficiency compared to conventional perovskite materials.

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Organometallic complex for coating perovskite solar cells that simultaneously enhances water repellency and UV light conversion efficiency. The complex, through ligand design and solution processing, achieves UV absorption and emission characteristics while preventing photoluminescence quenching. The complex is used as a photovoltaic coating material for perovskite solar cells, enabling improved water stability and enhanced light conversion efficiency through controlled aggregation prevention during thin film manufacturing.

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Perovskite solar cells with enhanced stability through a novel post-treatment approach. The approach involves using a specific organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite capping layer that combines the properties of both organic and inorganic components. This capping layer, comprising a perovskite material with a specific molecular structure, enables improved charge extraction, reduced interface recombination, and stabilized perovskite lattice through its unique electronic and chemical properties. The capping layer enables the perovskite solar cells to achieve high power conversion efficiency (22.06%) while maintaining long-term stability under operational conditions.

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A lead-free perovskite solar cell with enhanced photovoltaic performance through surface passivation. The cell comprises a conductive substrate, a PEDOT: PSS layer, an inorganic lead-free CsSnI3 perovskite layer, a C60 layer, a BCP layer, and a metal counter electrode layer arranged in order from bottom to top. The CsSnI3 perovskite layer is passivated with a thioureas-based organic compound. The thioureas compound is specifically formulated to balance the stoichiometry of the CsSnI3 precursor, ensuring efficient perovskite formation while preventing surface defects. The PEDOT: PSS layer and C60 layer are deposited on the CsSnI3 layer, followed by the BCP layer and metal counter electrode layer. The thioureas compound is applied after the SnI2 precursor deposition but before the CsI deposition, ensuring optimal surface passivation. This approach enables the creation of high-performance lead-free perovskite solar cells with enhanced light absorption and stability.

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A method for producing high-efficiency perovskite solar cells using a dip coating process that enables uniform and homogeneous perovskite layers. The method employs a surfactant in the dip coating solution to facilitate the formation of perovskite layers through the Landau-Levich mode, which enables controlled nucleation and crystal growth. The surfactant, polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether, is specifically designed for perovskite applications and is prepared in a controlled concentration range. The dip coating process can be performed in air, eliminating the need for inert gas environments and vacuum conditions, while maintaining high wettability and uniformity. The resulting perovskite layers exhibit improved light absorption, charge carrier transport properties, and stability compared to conventional spin-coated layers.

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Metal-organic perovskite solar cells with improved hole transport properties through the use of zinc- and/or bismuth-containing dopants in the hole-conducting layer. The solar cells feature a metal-organic absorber layer with lead or tin as central atom and halide anion, crystallizing in the perovskite lattice. The hole-conducting layer between the absorber and anode is a zinc- or bismuth-containing dopant layer. This configuration enhances hole transport efficiency while maintaining stability compared to conventional lithium-doped layers.

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Hydrophobic molecules that chemically bind metal halide perovskites, forming coordination bonds with lead or tin ions, provide enhanced stability against moisture and environmental degradation in solar cells. The molecules, comprising diphosphine ligands, form stable complexes with metal ions, protecting perovskites from water ingress while maintaining charge carrier mobility. These hydrophobic molecules can be incorporated into perovskite films through various deposition methods, enabling the development of stable perovskite-based solar cells.

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A stable tin-containing perovskite precursor for solar cells that overcomes the oxidation of tin in traditional perovskites. The precursor contains a controlled proportion of stannous acetylacetonate, which chelates and stabilizes tin ions, preventing their oxidation. This results in improved photovoltaic performance compared to conventional perovskites. The precursor solution is prepared by dissolving the components in a mixed solvent and then filtering out the tin-containing powder. The resulting solution can be used directly for solar cell preparation, eliminating the need for separate tin removal steps.

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Pb-free halogenated tin perovskite solar cells with enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency. The solar cells utilize a Pb-free halogenated tin perovskite compound with improved light absorption properties beyond 1200 nm, enabling higher conversion efficiencies than traditional Pb-based perovskites. The solar cells achieve this through a novel Pb-free halogenated tin perovskite compound that exhibits superior light absorption characteristics. The compound enables higher photoelectric conversion efficiency compared to traditional Pb-based perovskites, while maintaining the same high open-circuit voltage.

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