Bismuth-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

A method for preparing stable perovskite solar cells with improved electron transport layer performance through a novel coordination modification approach. The method involves creating a compact and defect-free electron transport layer by modifying the surface of perovskite solar cells with a coordination polymer, followed by hydrothermal treatment to enhance SnO2 dispersion and reduce hydroxyl groups. This approach enables the use of inorganic materials like SnO2 in perovskite solar cells while addressing traditional limitations of organic materials in this application.

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A lead-free perovskite solar cell with improved efficiency through the use of a bismuth acetate additive. The additive, when incorporated into the perovskite precursor solution, enables controlled crystallization rates that result in larger grain sizes and reduced defect densities. This leads to enhanced carrier transport properties and improved short-circuit current density, enabling higher-performance lead-free perovskite solar cells.

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A method to enhance the quality of bismuth-based perovskite solar cells by incorporating formamidine acetate as a Lewis base to form a complex with iodide. This complex formation slows down perovskite crystallization, increases grain size, improves carrier transport, and reduces defect states, leading to improved device performance. The method enables the use of formamidine acetate as an additive in bismuth-based perovskite precursor solutions, particularly in secret-based perovskite solar cells, to address the challenges associated with lead-based perovskites.

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Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites for photovoltaic applications that replace lead with less toxic materials while maintaining high conversion rates. The hybrid perovskites contain ammonium-based ligands and exhibit improved stability to moisture compared to conventional lead-based perovskites. The perovskites can be prepared through spin coating or evaporation methods, and their photovoltaic devices can be fabricated in thin layer or crystalline forms.

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Perovskite solar cell with enhanced stability and performance through a novel transparent conductive oxide layer. The cell features a transparent conductive oxide layer containing organic materials with pi-orbital electrons and unshared electron pairs, which prevents interface corrosion between the transparent electrode and metal contacts. This layer also enables anti-reflective properties by controlling light transmission characteristics. The transparent conductive oxide layer is deposited between the electron transport layer and source electrode in a perovskite solar cell structure, enabling stable performance while minimizing degradation.

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Perovskite solar cell with enhanced stability through a novel transparent conductive oxide layer between the electron transport layer and source electrode. The layer, comprising a semiconducting metal oxide, prevents halide diffusion from the perovskite light-absorbing layer to the metal electrode interface, while maintaining transparency and sheet resistance. The layer is deposited between the electron transport layer and source electrode in a perovskite solar cell stack, with specific thickness ratios and deposition methods optimized for stability and performance.

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Methods for forming perovskite absorber layers in photovoltaic devices through a two-step process. The method involves applying a metal halide solution to a charge transport layer, followed by the incorporation of a pseudohalide salt into the metal halide film. The pseudohalide salt is preincorporated into the metal halide film before conversion to the perovskite absorber layer. This approach enables the formation of stable and efficient perovskite absorbers through controlled incorporation of the pseudohalide salt into the metal halide film.

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Perovskite-like bismuth ferrite material with enhanced solar photovoltaic performance, achieved through a novel sol-gel preparation method. The material combines the ferroelectric properties of bismuth ferrite with the high photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells. The preparation involves co-doping bismuth ferrite with manganese and gadolinium, which enables the creation of a material with a bandgap as low as 1.1 eV, while maintaining its ferroelectricity. The sol-gel process enables precise control over the dopant distribution and material composition, resulting in a material with superior performance characteristics compared to traditional perovskite-based solar cells.

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Metal-organic perovskite solar cells with improved hole transport properties through the use of zinc- and/or bismuth-containing dopants in the hole-conducting layer. The solar cells feature a metal-organic absorber layer with lead or tin as central atom and halide anion, crystallizing in the perovskite lattice. The hole-conducting layer between the absorber and anode is a zinc- or bismuth-containing dopant layer. This configuration enhances hole transport efficiency while maintaining stability compared to conventional lithium-doped layers.

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Solar cell architecture that enables high efficiency perovskite solar cells through novel interfacial layer designs. The cell comprises a substrate with a transparent conductive film, a recombination prevention layer, an electrolyte layer formed by adsorbing a dye that generates electrons upon light exposure, and a transport layer with holes through which the dye passes. The dye layer is formed by adsorbing a dye that is excited by light, enabling efficient electron transfer. The transport layer is engineered with a porous semiconductor that facilitates hole transport. This architecture combines the benefits of perovskite materials with advanced interfacial layer designs to achieve high power conversion efficiency.

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Perovskite solar cells with enhanced electron transport layer (ETL) properties achieved through the use of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as the ETL material. The MOFs feature metal oxide clusters and organic ligands that exhibit nanoscale dimensions, enabling efficient electron transport while maintaining low-temperature processing requirements. The MOFs are applied to a transparent electrode layer, followed by perovskite precursor deposition and heat treatment. The resulting solar cells exhibit improved power conversion efficiency compared to conventional ETL materials, particularly in flexible devices.

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Solar cell and manufacturing method for perovskite solar cells through the formation of a recombination prevention layer. The method involves the controlled formation of a layer between the perovskite light-absorbing material and the hole transport material, which prevents recombination of charge carriers. This layer is achieved through the precise control of the molar ratio of organic and inorganic components in the perovskite material. The layer formation enables the perovskite solar cell to achieve higher photovoltaic efficiency compared to conventional perovskite solar cells.

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Perovskite solar cell with enhanced stability and efficiency, achieved through a novel perovskite structure that incorporates a perovskite compound film with a non-crystalline grain layer. The film, comprising an organometallic halide compound with a perovskite structure, surrounds the perovskite grains and grain boundaries, forming a light-absorbing layer. This grain layer is chemically bonded to the perovskite grains, while the perovskite compound film itself maintains its crystalline structure. The grain layer prevents grain boundary defects and moisture-induced degradation, while the perovskite compound film ensures efficient light absorption. The film composition and grain layer architecture enable both high efficiency and stability in harsh environmental conditions.

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A method for fabricating perovskite solar cells with uniform perovskite structures on large-area substrates through a solvent-free approach. The method employs a novel reaction medium that enables controlled precipitation of perovskite precursor solutions onto substrates, eliminating the need for solvents. This approach enables the formation of uniform perovskite layers with precise stoichiometry and morphology, resulting in high-quality solar cells with improved efficiency compared to conventional methods.

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A high-efficiency, long-lasting organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cell that addresses the stability challenges of conventional perovskite solar cells. The cell incorporates a small amount of rare earth metal ions into the perovskite material, which enhances its stability through a multi-factorial mechanism. The rare earth ions act as defect suppressants, reduce carrier recombination, and prevent material degradation. This approach enables the production of high-efficiency solar cells with long lifetimes, overcoming the stability limitations of conventional perovskite solar cells.

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A hole transport compound for perovskite solar cells that achieves high hole mobility through a novel molecular design. The transport compound features a planar, linear molecular structure with a central core and terminal functional groups that enable efficient hole transport while maintaining molecular planarity. The design avoids the traditional bulky end-functionalization that often compromises hole mobility in perovskite solar cells. The transport compound enables high efficiency perovskite solar cells with improved hole mobility compared to conventional materials.

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Perovskite solar cell with improved efficiency through a novel hole transport material. The cell comprises a perovskite solar cell with a compound having a carbazolylamino group as a substituent. The compound, represented by Formula 1, is used as a hole transport material in the perovskite solar cell. The compound enables enhanced open-circuit voltage and stability compared to conventional hole transport materials, leading to improved overall solar cell efficiency.

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A method for preparing a perovskite light absorber for solar cells with enhanced moisture stability. The method involves forming perovskite crystals through a solution process, followed by heat treatment and subsequent washing with isopropanol to remove residual perovskite components. The washing step prevents perovskite delta-phase formation, which is a critical factor in perovskite stability. The washing process can be repeated multiple times to achieve optimal moisture stability. The washing step also enables the formation of a perovskite layer with improved hole transport properties.

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Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite compound containing silver bismuth iodide, a method for preparing the same, and an organic-inorganic hybrid solar cell including the same. The compound and method involve a solid-phase synthesis of silver bismuth iodide, which enables precise control over its composition and phase formation. The resulting compound exhibits exceptional stability under moisture conditions and high light conversion efficiency in organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells.

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A perovskite solar cell with improved stability and high efficiency across a wide temperature range. The cell achieves this through a solid solution of a specific composition that maintains its crystal structure and photoelectric performance even in low-temperature conditions. The solution's composition is derived from a ratio of methylammonium (MA) to bromide (Br) ions that is asymmetrical across the temperature range, preventing phase transitions or phase decomposition. This composition enables the perovskite solar cell to maintain its photovoltaic properties at temperatures below 40°C, while maintaining high efficiency.

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Solar cells featuring single-crystal perovskite films that achieve high power conversion efficiency through a novel crystallization approach. The approach employs cavitation-triggered asymmetric crystallization (CTAC) to grow epitaxy-quality, twin-free perovskite monocrystalline films down to 3 μm thickness. These films enable the development of simple device architectures like ITO/CH3NH3PbBr3/Au, which surpasses conventional polycrystalline perovskite solar cells in terms of stability and architecture simplification. The CTAC method enables controlled film thickness and uniformity, while the perovskite films exhibit near-unity internal quantum efficiency and power conversion efficiencies exceeding 5% for prototype cells.

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Method for enhancing the stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells through improved crystal structure. The method involves preparing perovskite absorbers by reacting a compound with a polar aprotic solvent containing an N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) adduct, followed by heat treatment of the resulting perovskite crystal. The NMP adduct enables controlled crystal growth through a specific interaction with the polar solvent, leading to perovskite crystals with enhanced crystallinity. This approach addresses the perovskite's inherent sensitivity to moisture and defects, resulting in improved solar cell performance.

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A method for forming high-quality perovskite thin films with large crystalline grains in photovoltaic devices. The method employs a hybrid approach combining vacuum thermal evaporation of BX2 precursor with vacuum thermal co-evaporation deposition to achieve uniform and smooth films. The films are then processed through thermally annealing to achieve complete transformation to the perovskite structure. This approach enables the fabrication of photovoltaic devices with superior device performance characteristics, including high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and reproducibility, by controlling grain size and morphology.

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Flexible perovskite-based solar cells using graphene as a transparent conductive electrode and nitric oxide as a metal oxide layer. The solar cells achieve high efficiency through a graphene-based transparent anode and nitric oxide-based metal oxide layer, with PEDOT:PSS as the hole transport layer and MAPbI3 as the perovskite layer. The nitric oxide layer enhances the wettability of PEDOT:PSS while reducing contact angle, while the graphene electrode provides superior mechanical flexibility compared to traditional ITO and FTO electrodes.

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Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells that achieve high efficiency through improved stability. The hybrid perovskite contains both methyl saddle and formazan radium cations, which enhance light stability and moisture resistance compared to conventional perovskites. The novel structure enables long-term durability while maintaining high photovoltaic conversion efficiency. The hybrid perovskite can be used as an absorber in solar cells, offering a cost-effective alternative to traditional inorganic semiconductor-based solar cells.

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Photovoltaic device comprising a perovskite material with a band gap suitable for multi-junction photovoltaic devices and improved stability. The perovskite material has a band gap in the region of 1.6 to 2.3 eV, for use in a top sub-cell in a tandem photovoltaic device in combination with a lower band gap bottom sub-cell, and that has improved stability. The material is produced through a novel method that incorporates caesium cations to enhance structural stability without compromising thermal stability.

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Perovskite solar cell with enhanced thermal stability through a novel hole transport layer featuring a phthalocyanine derivative. The cell's photoactive layer comprises perovskite material with a hole transport layer containing the phthalocyanine derivative, which exhibits exceptional thermal resistance across a broad temperature range. The phthalocyanine derivative enables stable hole transport at elevated temperatures without thermal transition, enabling the development of high-efficiency perovskite solar cells.

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A hole transport material for solar cells and organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells that enhances efficiency through controlled lithium ion addition. The material incorporates an ester group into its molecular structure, enabling precise control over the hole mobility and electron transport properties. This enables the creation of solar cells with higher photoelectric conversion efficiencies, particularly in hybrid perovskite solar cells where conventional hole transport materials face limitations.

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Perovskite solar cell with enhanced thermal stability through a novel hole transport layer featuring a phthalocyanine derivative. The cell incorporates a hole transport layer containing a phthalocyanine derivative with a thermal transition temperature of 125°C or lower, enabling continuous operation at elevated temperatures without degradation. The phthalocyanine derivative replaces traditional Spiro-OMeTAD monomolecules, which exhibit thermal degradation at high temperatures. The perovskite solar cell achieves 21% efficiency and maintains stability across a wide temperature range, making it a promising candidate for commercialization.

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Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells with enhanced stability achieved through deuterium substitution. The novel compound features a novel structure where deuterium replaces hydrogen in the perovskite material, leading to chemically stabilized perovskite layers. This substitution enables the solar cells to maintain their optical properties over time, while maintaining their electrical performance. The resulting solar cells exhibit improved stability compared to conventional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells, enabling wider adoption in commercial applications.

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Transparent electron transport layer for flexible perovskite solar cells with high power conversion efficiency, achieved through densely packed titanium dioxide particles treated with UV. The UV treatment enables the formation of highly transparent and uniform TiO2 films with improved charge transport properties, which are then deposited onto the perovskite layer. This results in flexible perovskite solar cells with enhanced power conversion efficiency, particularly suitable for wearable electronics and flexible displays.

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A method for preparing perovskite solar cells using a novel precursor that enables high-efficiency perovskite photovoltaics. The precursor is formed through a reaction between formamidine and metal alkoxides, resulting in a stable formamidinium halide intermediate. This intermediate can be directly used to synthesize perovskite solar cells with improved photovoltaic performance characteristics, including enhanced light absorption, reduced hysteresis, and increased charge carrier mobility. The method enables the production of perovskite solar cells with improved efficiency, reduced degradation, and enhanced charge carrier dynamics compared to conventional perovskite precursors.

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A cylindrical perovskite solar cell that achieves direct absorption of sunlight regardless of the incident angle, overcoming conventional substrate limitations. The cell employs a novel architecture where the perovskite material is integrated in a cylindrical form, eliminating the substrate requirement while maintaining optimal absorption properties. This design enables efficient conversion of all incident light angles, significantly enhancing solar cell performance compared to conventional perovskite cells.

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A method for manufacturing perovskite solar cells with enhanced water stability through the combination of methylammonium and formamidinium cations. The method involves creating perovskite solar cells containing both methylammonium and formamidinium cations, which combines the advantages of both perovskite materials. The combination improves the solar cell's water resistance compared to conventional perovskites, enabling reliable operation in humid environments.

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Cylindrical perovskite solar cell that achieves optimal light absorption regardless of the incident angle of sunlight. The cell comprises a cylindrical structure with a perovskite absorber layer sandwiched between two transparent electrodes. The absorber layer is engineered to maximize light absorption across a broad spectral range, including both direct and diffuse sunlight, through a combination of bandgap engineering and structural modifications. This enables the solar cell to achieve higher efficiency than conventional perovskite solar cells, even when the incident angle is not optimal.

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Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite compound with enhanced solar cell efficiency through metal substitution. The hybrid compound comprises a +2-valent central metal element in the perovskite structure, with a portion of the metal replaced by a +1-valent or +3-valent metal. This substitution enables the perovskite to exhibit improved charge carrier mobility and stability, leading to increased solar cell efficiency. The method for preparing the hybrid compound involves replacing a portion of the central metal with the desired metal, while maintaining the perovskite structure. The resulting solar cells achieve higher efficiency compared to conventional perovskites, with potential applications in high-efficiency solar cells.

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Inorganic oxide electron transport layers (ETLs) can be deposited on perovskite solar cells to enhance their performance. The ETLs are formed through a simple process involving sputtering of metal oxides onto perovskite absorber layers. This approach enables the creation of ultra-thin ETLs that can be integrated into conventional p-i-n solar cell architectures, while maintaining the perovskite's inherent properties. The deposited ETLs provide superior hole transport capabilities compared to conventional organic materials, enabling higher power conversion efficiencies in perovskite solar cells.

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Perovskite solar cell with enhanced light absorption and reduced phase transition effects. The cell comprises a transparent conductive substrate, a recombination-preventing layer, a photoactive layer formed on the recombination-preventing layer, a hole transport layer formed on the photoactive layer, and a second electrode formed on the hole transport layer. The photoactive layer incorporates a Perovskite double layer comprising HC(NH2)2PbI3 and CH3NH3PbI3, with the HC(NH2)2PbI3 layer being formed on the recombination-preventing layer. This Perovskite double layer enhances absorption in the 700 nm to 750 nm range while maintaining structural integrity through controlled precursor substitution.

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Solar cells with improved light absorption using 2D perovskite materials. The cells employ a layered 2D perovskite structure as the light-absorbing layer, which achieves higher absorption compared to conventional 1D perovskites. The layered structure enables efficient light absorption through enhanced exciton separation, while maintaining stability under ambient conditions. The perovskite layer is formed through a one-step spin-coating process, eliminating the need for complex thermal evaporation or multistep deposition.

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Perovskite solar cell with improved photocurrent density and stability through a novel perovskite bilayer configuration. The cell comprises a perovskite layer, a recombination prevention layer, a hole transport layer, and a second electrode. The perovskite layer, comprising a perovskite precursor, exhibits enhanced absorption at 800 nm, while the recombination prevention layer prevents charge recombination through a conductive transparent substrate. The hole transport layer enables efficient charge collection, and the second electrode provides a stable interface between the perovskite layer and hole transport layer. This bilayer architecture enables improved photocurrent density and stability compared to conventional perovskite solar cells.

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A hole-transporting compound for hybrid perovskite solar cells with enhanced efficiency. The compound, comprising a novel structure featuring a specific arrangement of metal and organic components, enables efficient hole transport in hybrid perovskite solar cells. The compound's unique architecture enables improved charge carrier mobility and stability, leading to higher power conversion efficiencies compared to conventional hole-transporting materials.

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Process for producing solid dye-sensitized solar cells and perovskite solar cells through a novel interlayer design that enhances electrical contact between the hole transport layer and counter electrode. The process involves creating a photosensitive layer comprising a Perovskite absorber material, a hole transport layer, and an electrically conductive interlayer with a different material than the hole transport layer. This interlayer, which can be made from materials like silicone, provides a conductive pathway between the hole transport layer and counter electrode, improving charge transfer efficiency while maintaining the optical properties of the dye-sensitized solar cell or perovskite solar cell.

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Planar perovskite solar cells with enhanced power conversion efficiency through the integration of semiconductor nanoparticles on metal oxide thin films. The method involves depositing a metal oxide layer on a substrate, followed by coating a solution of semiconductor nanoparticles onto the metal oxide layer. The nanoparticles form a light-absorbing layer, with a subsequent Sky agent layer and hole transport layer. A metal electrode is then deposited on the hole transport layer, creating a complete solar cell structure.

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Organic hybrid perovskite solar cells with enhanced light absorption and hole collection efficiency through a novel light-absorbing structure. The solar cells feature a composite layer containing a light-absorbing perovskite material, which is integrated with a metal oxide support structure. The composite layer provides a wide light absorption range, while the metal oxide support enhances hole collection. This hybrid approach enables significant improvements in light absorption and hole collection compared to conventional organic solar cells.

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