Solar cells experience significant thermal stress during operation, with surface temperatures routinely reaching 65-85°C under standard solar radiation. This temperature rise decreases power output by 0.4-0.5% per degree Celsius above optimal operating conditions, while accelerating material degradation and reducing panel lifespan by up to 10 years.

The fundamental challenge lies in designing heat dissipation systems that can effectively transfer thermal energy away from photovoltaic surfaces while maintaining the structural integrity and optical properties necessary for power generation.

This page brings together solutions from recent research—including phase change material integration, pulsating heat pipe systems, multi-layer carbon core substrates, and turbulence-inducing fin arrays. These and other approaches focus on practical implementation strategies that balance thermal performance with manufacturing feasibility and long-term reliability.

1. Photovoltaic Panel Thermal Management System with Integrated Phase Change Material, Thermoelectric Generator, and Heat Sink

KING FAHD UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM AND MINERALS, 2024

Thermal management system for photovoltaic panels that enhances power output and increases panel lifespan through controlled temperature management. The system integrates a phase change material (PCM) layer with a Seebeck thermoelectric generator (TEG) and a heat sink. The PCM absorbs solar radiation, releasing heat that is stored in the TEGs. The TEGs convert this stored heat into electrical energy, while the heat sink transfers the remaining heat to a water flow system. This closed-loop system maintains optimal operating temperatures for the PV panel, enabling increased efficiency and lifespan.

2. Solar Panel Backplane with Integrated Thermally Conductive Protrusion for Heat Dissipation

Liu Fu'ou, LIU FU-OU, 2023

A solar panel design that enhances heat dissipation through strategically integrated heat management elements. The design features a thermally conductive protrusion integrated into the solar panel's backplane, which directs heat away from the panel's backplate. This protrusion is positioned to conduct heat downward along its length, effectively channeling heat away from the panel's backside. The design enables the panel to operate at lower temperatures, potentially extending its lifespan by up to 10 years. The protrusion can be manufactured using a lightweight, water-cooled system that attaches to the panel's backsheet, providing a cost-effective and practical solution for existing solar installations.

3. Heat Pipe-Integrated Flat Plate with Metal Fins for Solar Photovoltaic Cooling

JILIN UNIVERSITY, 2023

Solar photovoltaic cooling system that utilizes a heat pipe-based cooling mechanism to maintain optimal panel temperature while enhancing efficiency. The system comprises a flat plate with integrated heat pipes, where the plate's back is connected to multiple heat pipes. The heat pipes transfer heat from the solar panel to the air, while the heat pipes' condensation section evaporates heat. The system incorporates strategically positioned metal fins to increase convective heat transfer between the heat pipes and air, thereby maintaining panel temperature and improving efficiency.

4. Solar Panel Integrated Heat Transfer Unit with Turbulence-Inducing Fin Array

ECO ENERGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, Korea Electric Power Corporation, KOREA ELECTRIC POWER CORP, 2023

A heat transfer unit and solar cell device that utilizes a novel fin structure to enhance heat transfer efficiency while maintaining solar panel performance. The heat transfer unit features a fin array with protruding fin members that induce turbulent flow patterns, increasing fluid flow rates through the fin channels. The fin array is specifically designed to optimize flow characteristics in the fin channels, with different fin configurations and fin orientations to accommodate various solar panel geometries. The heat transfer unit is integrated into the solar panel design, with the fin array forming a continuous channel through the solar panel surface. The heat transfer unit provides a continuous flow path for heat transfer, while the solar panel maintains its original surface area. This integrated design enables high efficiency heat transfer while maintaining the solar panel's original shape and performance characteristics.

KR102534871B1-patent-drawing

5. Solar Cell Structure with Integrated Thermal Medium and Fluid Flow Heat Exchanger

RIVIERA CO LTD, 2023

A solar cell heat management system that integrates a thermal medium into the solar cell structure to enhance thermal performance. The system features a transparent portion for solar radiation absorption, and a fluid flow passage with a heat exchanger that utilizes a thermally conductive fluid as the heat transfer medium. This design enables efficient heat dissipation from the solar cell, particularly in applications where conventional heat management methods are limited by electrical wiring or surface limitations.

JP2023036300A-patent-drawing

6. Photovoltaic Thermal Module with Integrated Continuous Surface Heat Sink and Channel Network

SUNMAXX PVT GMBH, 2023

Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) modules that achieve higher conversion efficiency by integrating a continuous surface heat sink over the solar cells. The heat sink, comprising a metal or glass plate with numerous channels, extends across the solar array and is connected to a lamination film containing the photovoltaic cells. This design eliminates gaps and provides a uniform heat transfer path for the solar cells, enabling efficient energy conversion. The heat sink can be made from materials like aluminum or glass, and its thickness can range from 1 mm to 10 cm. The system can be integrated with a pumping device and geothermal probe to provide both cooling and heating functionality.

7. Integrated Solar Panel with Pulsating Heat Pipe and Heat Transfer System

Changchun Institute of Technology, CHANGCHUN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, 2022

A pulsating heat pipe solar panel cooling device that integrates a solar cell panel with a heat pipe system. The device comprises a solar cell panel, a heat pipe bundle, and a water tank. The solar cell panel is mounted on a frame, and the heat pipe bundle is connected to the solar cell panel through a plate groove. The heat pipe system provides efficient heat dissipation from the solar cell to the surrounding environment, while the water tank stores and circulates the heat transfer fluid.

8. Solar Panel with Integrated Heat Sink Featuring Rear Surface Radiation Units

Tenergy Co., Ltd., TENERGY CO LTD, 2022

A solar panel with an integrated heat dissipation system that enhances its thermal performance. The system comprises a heat sink with multiple radiation units formed on its rear surface, which is mounted on the solar panel. The heat sink is designed to effectively dissipate heat from the solar panel through external radiation, thereby improving the overall thermal management of the system.

KR102374450B1-patent-drawing

9. Solar Cell Heat Sink Package with Multi-Layer Carbon Core Substrate and Vertical Thermal Vias

DKE CO LTD, 2022

A high-performance solar cell heat sink package that optimizes thermal management of multi-junction solar cells while maintaining power generation efficiency. The package features a multi-layer carbon core substrate with thermal vias that efficiently dissipate heat generated by the solar cells in a vertical direction. The substrate's design enables direct heat transfer from the solar cells to the substrate, while the vias provide a high thermal pathway for heat dissipation. The package's structure includes a copper circuit for electrical connections and a gold-plated thermal interface material for electrical bonding. This innovative approach enables superior thermal management of high-efficiency solar cells while maintaining their performance characteristics.

10. Heat Dissipation System with Conductive Plates and Semiconductor Cooling Fins

Jiuzhou Fangyuan New Energy Co., Ltd., JIUZHOU FANGYUAN NEW ENERGY CO LTD, 2021

A heat dissipation system for solar panels that improves thermal management through a novel arrangement of conductive plates and cooling fins. The system features a back-plate with a metal heat dissipation plate, a series of semiconductor cooling fins connecting this plate to the back-plate, and strategically placed fans. This configuration enables efficient heat transfer from the back plate to the solar cells while maintaining optimal operating conditions, thereby extending the lifespan of the solar panel's critical components.

CN215010167U-patent-drawing

11. Photovoltaic System with Integrated Thin-Film Cooling Sheet Featuring Multi-Path Through-Hole Channels and Heat-Insulating Support

U1 University, RYU WON DAE, 2021

Solar cooling module and solar panel assembly that integrates heat management into photovoltaic systems. The module features a thin-film cooling sheet with strategically placed through-holes that branch into multiple paths, allowing the heat to be dissipated through a network of channels. The cooling sheet is supported by a heat-insulating sheet, which prevents heat transfer through the sheet. A specialized cooling channel design enables the cooling sheet to maintain its position even when it expands during thermal expansion. The assembly integrates the cooling sheet with the photovoltaic panel, eliminating the need for separate heat management systems.

12. Integrated Photovoltaic Panel Heat Sink with Thermally Conductive Film and Controlled Fin Geometry

THE PROVOST FELLOWS SCHOLARS AND OTHER MEMBERS OF BOARD OF TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN, 2021

A heat sink for photovoltaic solar panels that integrates into the panel structure, enabling efficient cooling without adding separate components. The heat sink comprises a thermally conductive film material, such as metallic or polymer films, with a controlled fin geometry. The films are applied to the solar panel as a single unit, with the fin design optimized for maximum heat transfer while minimizing material usage. The heat sink integrates with the panel's existing structure, eliminating the need for separate components. The design enables precise temperature control and uniform heat distribution across the solar panel surface, while maintaining structural integrity.

13. Solar Panel with Back Sheet Laminated Electrothermal Adhesive and Integrated Finned Heat Dissipation Frame

Yoo Jung-woo, YOO JUNG WOO, 2021

Solar panel design with improved heat dissipation to prevent degradation of cell performance. The panel has a back sheet laminated with an adhesive containing electrothermal filler and polyhydroxyaminoether (PHAE) to strengthen adhesion and minimize peeling. It also has a heat dissipation frame with fins inserted into the back sheet and grooves in the adhesive. This allows direct sunlight to transfer heat through the fins and prevent internal heat buildup. The fins have wings with through-holes between adjacent insertion grooves. This configuration allows insertion of the fins into the back sheet through the grooves.

KR102302158B1-patent-drawing

14. Solar Cell Module with Integrated Phase Change Material and Thermally Conductive Adhesive Films for Heat Dissipation

JA Solar Technology Co., Ltd., JA SOLAR TECHNOLOGY YANGZHOU CO LTD, 2021

Solar cell module with integrated heat dissipation to reduce operating temperature and improve performance and longevity. The module has a cover plate, back plate, and solar cell sandwiched between them. The heat dissipation is achieved by using thermally conductive adhesive films and shaped phase change materials. The adhesive films bond the cover and back plates, while the phase change materials absorb and dissipate heat. The adhesive films contain the phase change material to enhance heat transfer. This allows the module to cool itself without external water or air systems. The phase change material has high latent heat and transition temperature to effectively reduce module temperature.

15. Solar Cell Module with Integrated Heat Dissipation System Comprising Heat Conduction Layer, Heat Preservation Layer, and Heat Pipe

DEZHOU EI NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CO LTD, 2020

Solar cell module with integrated heat management system that enhances photovoltaic efficiency and reliability through optimized thermal dissipation. The module comprises a solar cell sheet sandwiched between a substrate and a panel, with a heat dissipation system comprising a heat conduction layer, a heat preservation layer, and a heat pipe. The heat pipe is positioned between the heat conduction layer and the heat preservation layer, creating a closed thermal path for heat dissipation. This innovative design integrates heat management into the solar cell structure, enabling efficient temperature regulation while maintaining high power conversion efficiency and long system lifespan.

16. Solar Panel with Integrated Heat-Dissipating Mechanism for Photovoltaic Cells

Shenzhen Yi You New Energy Co., Ltd., SHENZHEN YIYOU NEW ENERGY CO LTD, 2020

A heat-dissipating solar panel that enables high-efficiency power generation while maintaining optimal operating temperatures. The solar panel comprises a main body and a heat-dissipating mechanism integrated into the body, which is strategically positioned to dissipate heat away from the photovoltaic cells. This integrated heat management system enables the solar panel to maintain optimal operating temperatures, even under high-power conditions, while maintaining the efficiency and reliability of the photovoltaic cells.

17. Solar Panel with Integrated Graphite Sheet Expansion Unit for Heat Dissipation

YU SEONG WOON, Yoo Seong-woon, 2020

Solar panel with enhanced heat dissipation through a novel heat management system. The system integrates an expansion unit into the solar panel's structure, specifically designed to conduct heat generated by high-efficiency solar cells to a fixed frame. This expansion unit, comprising a graphite sheet, enables direct heat transfer between the solar cells and the frame, effectively dissipating thermal energy without compromising power generation efficiency. The expansion unit is strategically positioned to maximize heat transfer while maintaining uniform temperature distribution across the solar panel.

18. Heat Sink with Integrated Cooling and Heat Recovery System for Solar Panels

FABIO LIBARDI NORONHA, 2019

A heat sink for solar panels and equipment that incorporates a cooling system with heat recovery. The heat sink is designed to absorb and dissipate heat generated by solar panels during periods of low solar irradiance, such as winter months. The cooling system captures the heat and transfers it to a heat recovery unit, which extracts the heat energy and reuses it for the solar panels. This innovative approach enables the solar panels to operate more efficiently during periods of reduced solar radiation, while also reducing the thermal stress on the panel materials.

19. Heat Dissipation Structure with Integrated Water-Cooling System and Graphene-Based Heat-Conducting Layer for Solar Cells

Ningbo University, NINGBO UNIVERSITY, 2019

A heat dissipation structure for solar cells that enhances thermal management through a novel combination of a water-cooling system and a graphene-based heat-conducting layer. The structure integrates a base with a solar panel, featuring a water-cooling system positioned between the panel and a heat-conducting layer comprising graphene blocks. This innovative configuration enables efficient heat transfer between the solar panel and the cooling system, while the graphene blocks provide superior thermal conductivity compared to traditional materials.

20. Solar Module with Integrated Curved Sub-Channel Heat Dissipation Structure

BEIJING HANNENG PHOTOVOLTAIC INVESTMENT CO LTD, Beijing Hanergy Photovoltaic Investment Co., Ltd., 2019

A solar module and solar system design that enhances thermal management through a novel heat dissipation channel integrated into the solar substrate. The channel, comprising a series of curved or angled sub-channels, enables efficient heat transfer between the solar cell and substrate while maintaining structural integrity. This design addresses the thermal management challenges associated with conventional gas-based cooling systems, where heat dissipation is limited by the array's spatial arrangement. The heat dissipation channel enables continuous heat transfer between the solar cell and substrate, improving overall system efficiency and reducing thermal gradients.

CN208522713U-patent-drawing

21. Photovoltaic Panel Cooling System Utilizing Phase-Change Heat Pipes with Multi-Phase Heat Transfer Fluid

22. Solar Battery Pack with Integrated Water-Cooling Panel and Distributed Fan-Assisted Heat Sink Assembly

23. Heat Radiating Device with Integrated Heat Exchange Mechanism for Photovoltaic Panels and CHP Systems

24. Ventilation Channel-Integrated Heat Dissipation System for Photovoltaic Cells with Hollow Tube and Heat Management Module

25. Photovoltaic Module with Micro Heat Pipe Array and U-Shaped Heat Exchanger for Uniform Temperature Distribution

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