Thermal Hotspot Detection Systems for Solar Cell Arrays

Detecting and preventing electrical arcs in photovoltaic power systems through impedance analysis. The method applies voltage changes across a series of devices, with each device having its own impedance measurements. By analyzing the reflections of these voltage changes, the system determines arc conditions and sends notifications. The analysis process identifies impedance changes indicative of arcing conditions, enabling early detection and intervention to prevent damage.

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Detecting arcing faults in solar power systems without separate arc detection devices. The method monitors the DC voltage and current through the solar panel line, detecting voltage drops by comparing average and instantaneous values. When a voltage drop exceeds predetermined thresholds, the system reduces the DC output voltage while monitoring the line current. If the line current remains above a reference value, the voltage is reduced further. This continuous monitoring approach enables early detection of arcing faults in solar power systems, eliminating the need for separate arc detection devices.

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Highly efficient back-contacted solar cell with passivated contacts that reduces recombination and improves efficiency. The cell has interdigitated electrodes on the back contacting doped regions of opposite polarity. The doping in the regions is balanced to create the opposite polarity. This eliminates the need for complex doping steps or masks on the back. The front has lower doping compared to the back. Passivation layers on front and back further reduce recombination. The cell is manufactured by depositing a polycrystalline silicon layer on a dielectric layer, locally doping the back regions, and forming passivation layers.

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Photovoltaic cells with conductive layer interconnects for forming electrical connections between adjacent cells. The interconnects are formed by a conductive layer with a thickness ratio of at least 10:1 between the conductive layer and a dielectric layer, which is formed over the semiconductor stack. The dielectric layer is selectively deposited over the conductive layer, and laser pulses are used to melt the conductive layer at the contact area, creating a conductive path between adjacent cells.

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Solar panel fire detection system that enables early detection of solar panel failures through thermal monitoring of the wiring cable. The system employs a thermocouple-based wire sensor positioned along the solar panel's electrical wiring, specifically between the panel and the roof. This positioning allows the sensor to detect temperature anomalies without direct exposure to the solar panel's radiant heat, thereby enabling the detection of thermal failures before they ignite.

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Solar tracking system for maximizing energy production in rooftop installations. The system employs advanced tracking technology that optimizes solar irradiance exposure by dynamically adjusting the panel's angle relative to the sun's position. The system includes sensors to monitor and control the tracking angle, a control circuit to manage the movement, and a monitoring system to ensure system health. The system achieves maximum energy production through precise angle control, with optimal results achieved at ±34°. The system incorporates specialized sensors to accurately measure solar irradiance, enabling precise tracking and optimal energy production.

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Detecting solar radio bursts using GPS/BDS carrier-to-noise ratio reduction. The method measures the decrease in carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) of GPS and BDS signals during solar radio storms, using a single receiver. This CNR change is correlated with solar activity, enabling real-time monitoring of solar radio bursts across the entire frequency band. The technique achieves high sensitivity and low-cost detection compared to traditional radio telescopes, making it suitable for widespread all-weather monitoring of solar radio activity.

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A device for detecting defects in photovoltaic cells through precise infrared radiation measurement. The device comprises a frame with two contact points, a motorized movement system, and an infrared sensor positioned along a straight line connecting the contact points. The infrared sensor measures radiation intensity across the cell surface, with a precision measurement zone defined by a 100 cm radius. The device's motorized movement system enables precise positioning of the sensor along the cell's surface, enabling accurate detection of defects that may not be visible with conventional thermal imaging methods.

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Solar cell module heating device that automatically removes snow and ice accumulation to maintain power generation efficiency during winter. The device comprises a thin film with a heat-generating wire pattern, protected by a PET layer, that melts snow and ice on the solar cell surface. The device integrates with existing solar cell modules through a connector unit, eliminating the need for external heating solutions.

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Electrodes for solar cells that enable direct electrical connection to local backside contacts through a conductive wire coating. The wire is formed by a core surrounded by a metallic glass coating, providing a high-conductivity path for electrical interconnection. This innovative approach eliminates the need for metal paste applications and conventional screen printing methods, enabling precise and efficient backside contact formation. The wire's conductive core and glass coating enable high-performance electrical connections while maintaining the structural integrity of the solar cell.

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A conductive paste for solar cells that enhances electrical connection and efficiency through a novel silver-based composition. The paste combines silver powder, glass, an organic carrier, and a high-temperature tellurium alloy to create a superior conductive material for solar cell electrodes. This composition enables controlled glass burn-through during manufacturing while maintaining optimal electrical performance. The paste can be used to replace traditional silver-based conductive pastes, offering improved efficiency and reliability in solar cell manufacturing.

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Organic sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells featuring a fully conjugated indolizine-based donor-π-bridge-acceptor architecture. These sensitizers achieve high photovoltaic conversion efficiencies through their optimized donor-acceptor balance, enabling efficient absorption of visible light in the 1-1000 nm range. The sensitizers employ a fully conjugated planar nitrogen-containing indolizine donor that can be tuned through electronic substituents, providing tunable donor-acceptor properties. This architecture enables the development of sensitizers with optimized charge transfer properties for efficient electron injection into the TiO2 conduction band.

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Solar monocrystalline silicon cell with improved efficiency through novel silver wire printing technology. The cell features symmetrical hollow silver wires printed along its edges, replacing traditional solid silver paste. This design enables higher current densities while maintaining structural integrity, resulting in enhanced solar panel performance.

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Glass frit for forming PERC solar cell electrodes with enhanced electrical properties, particularly at lower firing temperatures. The frit comprises gallium oxide, lead oxide, tellurium oxide, silicon dioxide, lithium oxide, and other selected oxides in a specific molar ratio. The glass frit achieves excellent electrical conductivity, low series resistance, high fill factor, and high conversion efficiency through its unique composition and processing conditions. The paste formulation for forming PERC solar cell electrodes includes the glass frit, conductive powder, and organic vehicle, with a firing temperature of 700-800°C.

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Composition for solar cell electrodes that enables high-efficiency solar cells while maintaining p-n junction stability across a broad temperature range. The composition comprises a silver powder, a silver alloy (AgX) with a eutectic point below 900°C, a glass frit, and an organic vehicle. The silver alloy, with its lower melting point compared to pure silver, enables the composition to maintain thermal stability during baking processes while maintaining electrical conductivity. This composition enables high-efficiency solar cells with reduced contact resistance and improved thermal management.

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Silicon solar cell with enhanced energy conversion efficiency through the integration of an iridium composite into a polymer coating layer. The iridium composite, comprising a novel iridium complex, is applied to the silicon solar cell surface in a polymer solution. The polymer solution is then deposited onto the silicon surface, forming a uniform coating layer. The iridium composite enhances the solar cell's light absorption properties by selectively absorbing specific wavelengths of light, while the polymer provides mechanical stability and optical protection. The resulting solar cell exhibits improved energy conversion efficiency compared to conventional silicon solar cells.

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Conductive paste for solar cells that improves electrical connection and battery efficiency by controlling glass burn-through through high-temperature tellurium alloy addition. The paste combines silver powder, glass, organic carrier, and tellurium alloy, with specific concentrations of tellurium oxide, bismuth oxide, and zinc oxide. This composition enables precise control over glass melting points during paste formation, while maintaining optimal electrical properties for solar cell performance.

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A method for estimating solar radiation using existing outdoor devices, rather than traditional pyranometers, by leveraging their internal temperature sensors. The approach integrates the device's temperature data with its location information and dimensions to calculate incident solar radiation. This method enables the use of devices already installed in existing communication infrastructure, eliminating the need for new equipment while maintaining existing network capabilities.

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A lap device for solar battery cells that eliminates the need for post-assembly inspection of the electrical connections. The device features a fixture with integrated detection sensors that transmit signals to each conductive strip as it is applied. Each strip then verifies whether the transmission occurs, allowing the assembly process to be completed before the solar cells are completed. This approach eliminates the conventional post-assembly inspection step, reducing production time and cost while maintaining quality assurance.

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Conductive paste for solar cells featuring a unique silver tellurium coating on glass substrates. The paste combines silver powder, indium powder, glass frit, and a solvent with a tellurium-based glass coating that enhances electrical conductivity while maintaining optical properties. The coating layer is formed through a controlled reduction process, enabling precise control over the silver and tellurium composition. This paste enables improved electrical performance in solar cells while maintaining the necessary optical characteristics for efficient energy conversion.

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