Thermal Management of Solar Cells Using Nanofluid Coolants

Surface-functionalized graphene particles improve heat transfer fluid performance by enhancing heat absorption and reducing heat loss. The particles, with oxygen-based functional groups covalently bonded to their surface, achieve superior dispersibility in water while retaining high thermal conductivity. The functionalized graphene particles can be dispersed in a base fluid to form a stable dispersion, enabling their use in heat transfer fluids for heating and cooling applications.

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Nanofluids comprising nanoparticles derived from coffee, enabling direct absorption solar collectors (DASCs) with enhanced thermal efficiency. The nanofluids are produced through a novel sonication process that produces nanoparticles with size distributions primarily in the 1-10 pm range. These nanoparticles exhibit superior absorption characteristics compared to conventional materials, with enhanced solar absorption properties and stability. The DASC design incorporates a transparent plate and sealed channels, achieving optimal thermal performance while minimizing environmental impact. The nanofluid can be used as a direct absorption solar collector or as a heat transfer fluid, offering a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional collectors.

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Nanofluid for heat transfer applications that combines the benefits of nanoscale particles with a stable suspension. The nanofluid comprises a base fluid, dispersant, stabilizing agent, aluminum oxide nanoparticles, and exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets. The solid phase is a bicomponent mixture of aluminum oxide nanoparticles and exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets, which exhibits superior heat transfer properties compared to single-component nanoparticles. The nanofluid achieves enhanced thermal performance through its unique solid phase architecture, which maintains suspension stability during fluid flow through thermal systems.

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Nanofluids for high-temperature applications that maintain stable dispersion through a novel combination of surface modification and polymer chain engineering. The nanofluids contain nanoparticles dispersed within a medium-high temperature working fluid, which exhibits enhanced thermal stability compared to conventional nanofluids. The dispersion mechanism involves surface modification of the nanoparticles to increase their hydrophobicity and prevent agglomeration, while the polymer chains on the nanoparticles' surface enhance interparticle repulsion. This approach enables the creation of stable nanofluids for high-temperature applications such as solar thermal conversion, heat storage, and heat transfer systems.

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A method to create high-performance photothermal nanofluids from waste cutting fluid by combining photothermal conversion nanomaterials with the base fluid. The process involves centrifugation to separate the base fluid from solid components, homogenization to ensure uniform dispersion of the nanomaterials, and further processing to produce stable photothermal nanofluids. These nanofluids exhibit exceptional infrared light absorption properties, enabling enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency in applications like solar collectors and desalination systems.

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A nanofluid heat collector with a spiral reinforced heat pipe that achieves high efficiency through vacuum-cooled nanofluid storage. The collector features a phase change heat transfer method using nanofluids as working media, with a unique design that prevents fluid filling of the heat pipe tubes. In the vacuum environment, the working fluid naturally expands, providing a controlled expansion space within the heat pipe. This design enables the collector to maintain optimal operating conditions, particularly beneficial for cold regions where frost resistance is critical. The collector's spiral design enhances heat transfer while maintaining structural integrity.

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A solar collector design that improves heat transfer efficiency through enhanced radiation absorption and reflection. The collector incorporates a condenser lens and reflective coating to concentrate solar radiation onto the working fluid, thereby increasing its absorption capacity. This design utilizes MXene nanofluid as the heat transfer medium, where MXene enhances radiation absorption while the condenser lens and reflective coating amplify the concentrated radiation. The collector's unique design configuration ensures efficient radiation absorption at the focal point, thereby significantly improving heat collection efficiency compared to conventional collectors.

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A liquid medium for photothermal conversion that enables long-term operation of heat management systems through the use of photothermal conversion particles. The medium comprises fine particles that absorb solar radiation and convert it into heat, with these particles having infrared absorption characteristics. The particles are dispersed in a liquid medium, such as organic solvents, fats, or petroleum-derived media, which enables their long-term operation in heat management systems. The particles are tungsten oxide fine particles or composite tungsten oxide fine particles with oxygen deficiency, which exhibit enhanced infrared absorption properties compared to conventional tungsten oxide.

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High-temperature stable ionic liquid nanofluid for solar thermal applications, enabling efficient heat transfer at elevated temperatures. The nanofluid achieves superior thermal conductivity and photothermal conversion properties compared to conventional ionic liquids, making it suitable for high-temperature solar thermal systems. The nanofluid's enhanced thermal conductivity and photothermal conversion capabilities enable reliable operation above 200°C, while maintaining high viscosity and stability. This enables the development of high-temperature stable nanofluids for solar thermal applications, particularly in concentrated solar power systems.

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A nanofluid-based solar energy system that utilizes a novel liquid frequency divider to enhance solar-to-thermal conversion efficiency. The system employs a liquid frequency divider comprising Ag@SiO2 nanoparticles, where Ag nanoparticles selectively absorb solar radiation, while SiO2 nanoparticles facilitate heat transfer. This hybrid approach enables selective absorption of solar radiation while maintaining efficient heat transfer between the solar radiation and the photovoltaic cell. The Ag@SiO2 nanoparticles are prepared through a novel method that avoids the aggregation of Ag nanoparticles typically associated with Ag nanofluids. This preparation enables stable and controlled Ag nanoparticle dispersion in the liquid frequency divider, while maintaining the optical properties of the SiO2 matrix.

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A hybrid solar energy system that generates both electricity and high-temperature thermal energy from solar irradiance. The system comprises a photovoltaic cell mounted on a metal extrusion device, a transparent channel containing a heat transfer fluid, and a metal extrusion channel. The photovoltaic cell absorbs solar energy, while the heat transfer fluid, seeded with nanoparticles, absorbs wavelengths not utilized by the photovoltaic cell. The heat transfer fluid then passes through the transparent channel, where it absorbs solar energy and generates additional thermal energy. This dual-function system enables both electricity generation and thermal energy production from the same solar array, addressing the limitations of conventional solar systems.

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A heat transport fluid containing dispersed solid particles with enhanced thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity. The fluid comprises a base fluid and solid particles with an average diameter of 200-400 nm, with a potential difference of 35 mV or more from the base fluid. The solid particles have a content of 1.0% by volume or more in the base fluid, and the heat conductivity of the fluid is at least 1.096 times that of the base fluid.

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Nanofluid heat transfer medium for solar collector tubes that improves efficiency through enhanced particle-liquid interactions. The medium comprises TiO2 nanoparticles and magnetic microspheres, which combine to form a nanofluid with superior thermal conductivity and microstructural properties. This combination enables enhanced heat transfer rates and energy conversion in solar collector tubes compared to conventional base fluids.

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Nanomaterials that enhance both thermal conductivity and phase change capacity in nanofluids. The nanomaterial comprises a phase change material core surrounded by a shell of nanodiamond particles. This unique composition provides improved thermal conductivity and phase change properties in nanofluids, enabling enhanced cooling performance and phase change energy storage.

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A solar concentrator system that enables direct absorption of solar radiation using a gas-based nanofluid as a thermovector fluid, overcoming traditional limitations of molten salt and oil-based systems. The system comprises a transparent solar receiver with a gas-based nanofluid flow path, where the nanofluid absorbs solar radiation directly. This enables efficient conversion of solar energy into heat without the need for conventional thermal accumulation systems, particularly suitable for high-temperature applications. The system incorporates a specially designed receiving element that facilitates efficient nanofluid flow and heat transfer.

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A solar photovoltaic thermal device that integrates nanofluid-based cooling with thermoelectric energy harvesting and phase change material storage. The device combines the benefits of nanofluid-based heat management with thermoelectric conversion and phase change material (PCM) storage, enabling rapid temperature regulation and stable water heating. The device achieves enhanced solar energy conversion through optimized cooling and enhanced thermal energy storage, making it particularly suitable for applications requiring both solar energy and domestic hot water.

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Concentrating solar power system using a carbon nanotube-based fluidized bed heat transfer medium to efficiently capture concentrated solar radiation. The system employs a bed of fluidizable particles containing carbon nanotubes bonded to the particles, which absorbs and stores solar radiation. The bed is circulated through a solar receiver to generate electricity, with the absorbed radiation then transferred to an energy-generating structure. This approach enables high-efficiency thermal energy harvesting from concentrated solar radiation while minimizing the thermal stability requirements of conventional heat transfer media.

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Solar energy electrothermal power unit combining photovoltaic conversion with selective heat management. The system comprises a PV/T collector plate, a heat exchange tank, two nanofluid tanks, two ridges, thermocouples, and flowmeters. The PV/T collector plate absorbs solar radiation, while the heat exchange tank utilizes waste heat. The nanofluid tanks contain selective absorption media that selectively absorb infrared radiation. The ridges facilitate heat transfer between the collector plate and the heat exchange tank. The flowmeters and thermocouples monitor temperature and flow rates. This configuration enables efficient utilization of both solar energy and waste heat to enhance photovoltaic efficiency while minimizing temperature rise.

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Nanofluid containing carbon nanotubes and metal oxide nanoparticles that enhances heat transfer and specific heat capacity of water. The nanofluid comprises carbon nanotubes and metal oxide nanoparticles, where the metal oxide nanoparticles are selectively affixed to the surface or interior of the carbon nanotube. The metal oxide nanoparticles have specific thermal properties, such as high thermal conductivity, and are engineered to maintain stable dispersion in water. The nanofluid maintains its fluidic properties while exhibiting enhanced thermal conductivity and convective heat transfer capabilities compared to conventional water-based systems.

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Solar thermal power generation system with enhanced efficiency through nanofluidic-based thermal storage. The system employs nanostructured thermal storage media that directly absorb solar radiation and store it in a fluid reservoir, eliminating conventional storage and transport systems. The fluid is then distributed through a network of heat exchangers and radiators, where it transfers heat to a thermoelectric device. The system achieves improved efficiency by integrating nanofluidic thermal storage with advanced heat exchanger designs, enabling more efficient energy conversion from solar radiation to electrical power.

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A nanofluid-based superconducting heat pipe for solar water heaters that achieves higher thermal efficiency through a novel nanotechnology approach. The invention employs a stable and uniform dispersion of nanoparticles in a supercritical fluid, enabling superior heat transfer characteristics compared to conventional heat pipes. The nanofluid preparation method involves a controlled dispersion process that maintains particle stability and uniformity, enabling the creation of a homogeneous nanoscale fluid that supports efficient heat transfer. This approach enables significant improvements in thermal performance over conventional heat pipes while maintaining safety and environmental benefits.

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A solar energy harvesting fluid that efficiently absorbs and accumulates sunlight through the use of nanoparticles with high light absorption rates. The fluid comprises titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticles dispersed in a liquid medium, which absorb and store solar energy when exposed to sunlight. This dispersion enables efficient energy conversion through the nanoparticles' high light absorption properties, while the liquid medium enables efficient energy storage and release. The fluid can be used in solar thermal applications, such as distillation, where energy is converted into heat, which is then used to produce steam for heating purposes.

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A nano-fluid that maintains high thermal conductivity and chemical stability through a multi-dimensional nanostructure. The nanostructure, comprising a nanostructure with a multi-dimensional structure, is dispersed in a dispersion medium. The multi-dimensional nanostructure enables enhanced dispersion properties compared to conventional nanofluids, while maintaining long-term stability through its inherent chemical stability. The multi-dimensional structure is achieved through the combination of one-dimensional nanostructures on a two-dimensional nanostructure, such as carbon nanotubes or graphene plate, and metal oxide nanowires. The dispersion medium can be any conventional cooling fluid, such as water or organic solvents.

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A photovoltaic thermal device that integrates solar energy conversion with thermal management through nanofluid flow. The device comprises a solar PV array, a Fresnel concentrator, and a fixed array bracket. The PV array is connected to a horizontal and vertical fixed array bracket, with the PV array's ends positioned at fixed intervals. The bracket is then connected to a cylindrical structure comprising a Fresnel lens and a nanofluid flow channel. The Fresnel lens focuses solar radiation onto the PV array, while the nanofluid channel absorbs infrared radiation and cools the PV module. The PV array's upper and lower nanofluid channels are designed to optimize frequency division of absorbed solar energy and infrared radiation absorption, respectively, to enhance overall conversion efficiency while maintaining high PV module temperature.

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Nanofluid-based endothermic photovoltaic/solar heat pump system that enhances solar thermal efficiency through controlled temperature management. The system employs nanofluids as heat transfer fluids in both evaporator and condenser phases, enabling precise temperature regulation across the system. The nanofluids' temperature-dependent properties allow for optimized heat transfer between the photovoltaic cells and the heat exchanger, while maintaining the photovoltaic cell temperature within a desired range. This approach eliminates the traditional intermediate air layer and substrate lamination issues found in conventional PV/T collectors, while maintaining high efficiency compared to traditional solar systems.

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Nanofluid for high-temperature heat transfer applications that combines enhanced thermal conductivity with improved stability and viscosity. The nanofluid comprises nanoparticles of carbon, specifically amorphous carbon nanospheres, which are dispersed in a base fluid at concentrations between 1-5% by volume. The nanoparticles exhibit superior thermal conductivity properties in the operating temperature range, while maintaining stability and viscosity compared to conventional thermal fluids. This nanofluid offers enhanced thermal performance in high-temperature applications while maintaining operational characteristics suitable for industrial heat transfer systems.

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High-efficiency heat transfer fluids for concentrated solar power (CSP) systems using nickel-cobalt alloy nanoparticles dispersed phase fluids. The novel heat transfer fluids contain nanoscale particles of a nickel-cobalt alloy, comprising dibenzyl toluene, cyanide oil, eighteen diaminopropylamine end groups, and polyisobutylene. These particles enhance heat transfer properties through their unique surface characteristics and interaction with the fluid.

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High-performance heat transfer fluid for concentrated solar power (CSP) systems that achieves unprecedented efficiency through the use of nanoscale titanium-aluminum particles. The novel heat transfer fluid contains ultrafine particles of titanium-aluminum alloy dispersed in a proprietary blend of xylene ether, ethyl hydrogen silicone oil, and aminopropylamine terminated polyisobutylene. This innovative composition enables significantly enhanced thermal conductivity and heat transfer capabilities, particularly at high temperatures, making it particularly suitable for CSP power generation applications.

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A high-performance heat transfer fluid for concentrated solar power (CSP) systems that utilizes titanium-nickel alloy nanoparticles as a dispersed phase. The nanoscale particles, with their unique combination of thermal conductivity and mechanical properties, enable enhanced heat transfer efficiency in CSP systems. The fluid formulation combines hydrogenated terphenyl, simethicone, and amino propylamine with the titanium-nickel alloy nanoparticles, achieving superior thermal performance at temperatures up to 400°C.

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Nanoscale particles of aluminum beryllium dispersed phase heat transfer fluids and new materials for high-efficiency solar thermal power generation. The particles, comprising aluminum beryllium, are engineered to enhance heat transfer through their unique nanostructure. The dispersed phase heat transfer fluid formulation combines xylene ether, silicone chloride, octadecyl amino propylamine, and polyisobutylene, with nanoscale aluminum beryllium particles. This composition enables superior heat transfer properties compared to conventional mineral-based and synthetic heat transfer fluids, addressing the thermal efficiency and performance limitations of traditional heat transfer fluids in CSP solar thermal power generation systems.

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High-efficiency heat transfer fluids for CSP solar thermal power generation systems containing nickel-chromium alloy particles. The novel fluids feature a nickel-chromium alloy phase with nanoscale particles, comprising dibenzyl toluene, methyl hydroxy silicone oil, eighteen amino propylamine, and polyisobutylene. The alloy particles enhance heat transfer properties while maintaining stability and durability.

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High-efficiency heat transfer fluids for concentrated solar power (CSP) systems containing nanoscale titanium alloy particles. The novel heat transfer fluid comprises biphenyl-diphenyl ether, ethyl silicone oil, and nano-particles of titanium alloy. This composition enables superior heat transfer properties compared to conventional mineral-based and synthetic heat transfer fluids, particularly in concentrated solar power systems where high temperature and efficiency are critical.

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High-efficiency heat transfer fluid for solar thermal power generation systems using aluminum-silicon alloy containing nanoscale particles. The novel heat transfer fluid combines a conductive liquid with nano-particle-filled aluminum-silicon alloy to achieve superior thermal conductivity and heat transfer efficiency compared to conventional mineral-based and synthetic heat transfer fluids. The fluid's unique composition enables high-temperature operation up to 400°C, making it particularly suitable for CSP solar power generation systems.

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A CSP (Concentrated Solar Power) system that enhances efficiency and output through the use of a novel heat transfer medium containing nanometer-sized magnesium-zinc alloy particles. The system incorporates a new material comprising a diphenyl ether-based liquid phase with dispersed magnesium-zinc alloy particles, which improves thermal conductivity while maintaining high heat transfer efficiency. This innovative approach addresses the limitations of existing CSP systems by leveraging the unique properties of these alloy particles to enhance heat transfer between the solar collector and the surrounding environment.

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A nanometer-sized beryllium nickel alloy particle-based heat transfer medium for CSP solar energy systems that achieves unprecedented efficiency and rapid heat transfer rates. The medium is prepared through a controlled reaction process involving methyl phenyl ether, methyl silicon oil, ammonia propyl amine, and polyisobutylene, followed by ultrasonic emulsification to create a uniform dispersion of nanometer-sized beryllium nickel alloy particles in the medium. This dispersion enables ultra-efficient heat transfer through the medium, enabling CSP systems to achieve higher power densities and faster heat output compared to conventional heat transfer fluids.

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Nanoparticle-based solar collector featuring a multi-channel flat plate design with integrated heat pipes. The collector comprises a nano-particle matrix containing carbon nanotubes, which form a double-walled heat pipe with an inner and outer housing. The heat pipe's walls are filled with an insulating material between the housing layers, providing enhanced thermal performance and mechanical stability. The collector's unique design addresses traditional challenges in solar collector design, including nanotube alignment and heat transfer through curved surfaces.

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A nanoscale liquid heat absorption photovoltaic solar energy heat pump system that integrates photovoltaic energy conversion with a nanoscale heat transfer medium. The system comprises a photovoltaic cell array, a nanoscale heat transfer fluid, and a photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic cell array generates heat through solar radiation, which is then absorbed by the nanoscale heat transfer fluid through a photovoltaic module. The nanoscale fluid is a specially engineered heat transfer medium that enables efficient heat transfer between the photovoltaic cell array and the heat exchanger, with the nanoscale fluid's high thermal conductivity and low viscosity enabling efficient heat transfer. This integrated approach enables higher efficiency conversion of solar radiation into heat energy compared to traditional photovoltaic systems.

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A CSP solar energy heat power generation system that achieves high efficiency through the use of nanometer copper nickel alloy particles dispersed in a heat transfer liquid. The system utilizes a new material that combines the thermal conductivity of copper nickel alloy with the high surface area of nanometer particles, enabling rapid heat transfer and efficient energy conversion. This innovative approach addresses the limitations of conventional CSP systems by leveraging the unique properties of nanoscale copper nickel alloy particles in heat transfer liquids.

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A high-performance heat transfer system for CSP solar energy generation that utilizes nanometer copper-cobalt alloy particles as a dispersed phase in the heat transfer fluid. The system achieves exceptional heat transfer efficiency and rapid heat output through the optimized combination of these particles and the heat transfer fluid. The alloy particles enhance the thermal conductivity of the fluid, while the heat transfer fluid provides efficient heat transfer between the solar collector and the surrounding environment.

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A high-performance CSP solar energy power generation system that leverages nanometer copper-zinc alloy particles as phase-change material (PCM) in heat transfer liquids. The system achieves exceptional heat transfer efficiency and rapid heat output through the unique properties of these alloy particles, which enable efficient phase transitions at temperatures above 400°C. This innovative approach enables more efficient CSP systems, particularly for light solar energy applications.

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A CSP (Concentrated Solar Power) system for efficient heat generation using nanometer copper lead alloy particles as phase-change material (PCM) in a new heat transfer medium. The system comprises a phase-change material (PCM) in a specially designed heat transfer medium that incorporates nanometer copper lead alloy particles. This innovative PCM medium enables high heat transfer efficiency and rapid heat output through the unique combination of phase-change properties and nanoscale particle distribution. The system can be integrated into existing CSP technology to enhance the performance of conventional solar thermal systems.

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A high-efficiency CSP (Concentrated Solar Power) system that utilizes a novel nanometer copper particle-based heat transfer medium. The system employs a proprietary preparation method involving benzyl toluene, methyl hydroxyl silicone oil, ammonia propyl amine, and polyisobutylene to create a unique copper nanometer particle dispersion. This dispersion is then combined with a specific polymer matrix and subjected to ultrasonic emulsification. The resulting emulsion exhibits superior heat transfer properties compared to conventional CSP systems, enabling rapid heat generation with high efficiency.

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A high-performance heat transfer liquid for CSP solar energy systems that utilizes nanometer-sized iron-copper alloy particles as a thermal conductivity medium. The novel liquid, comprising hydrogenated terphenyl chloride, ammonia, propyl amine, and ethyl alcohol, incorporates these particles at the nanometer scale. This composition enables exceptional thermal conductivity while maintaining high temperature stability, making it particularly suitable for CSP systems operating at elevated temperatures.

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