Manufacturing Methods for Perovskite Solar Cells

A method for improving the interface between perovskite solar cells and electron transport layers through enhanced passivation and bonding. The method involves a two-step process: first, depositing a conductive glass substrate with a NiO nanoparticle layer, followed by depositing a perovskite photoactive layer on the NiO layer. A second functional layer is then deposited on the perovskite layer, containing a passivation agent. The process enables strong interface bonding between the perovskite and electron transport layer, significantly reducing carrier loss and improving device stability.

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A method for manufacturing perovskite-based solar cells that enhances their performance through controlled deposition of perovskite layers. The method employs a novel spin coating approach that incorporates phosphonic acids into the perovskite precursor solution, enabling the formation of stable perovskite layers with controlled grain sizes. The phosphonic acid incorporation enables chemical modification of the perovskite surface, which is particularly beneficial for perovskite materials prone to defects. The spin coating method allows for precise control over the phosphonic acid concentration and deposition conditions, resulting in improved photovoltaic performance characteristics.

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A perovskite solar cell with enhanced electron transport layer performance through a novel manufacturing process. The cell employs a two-layer architecture where a dense titanium dioxide (TiO2) layer is deposited on a transparent conductive electrode, followed by a rough titanium dioxide layer. The dense layer serves as the electron transport layer, while the rough layer enhances carrier lifetime through its surface morphology. The cell achieves superior electron transport layer performance compared to conventional perovskite solar cells, with enhanced carrier lifetime characteristics.

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Perovskite solar cells with enhanced efficiency through large-area preparation and improved conversion. The cells employ a vacuum evaporation method to deposit a metal halide skeleton layer on the substrate surface, followed by immersion in an organic solution containing an amine compound. This approach enables complete solid-phase reaction between the metal halide and organic components, resulting in high-quality perovskite solar cells with improved photoelectric conversion efficiency.

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Perovskite solar cells with enhanced efficiency through a novel barrier layer configuration. The cells feature a perovskite light absorption layer, electron transport layer, and source electrode, with a conductive barrier layer between the electron transport layer and source electrode. The barrier layer is formed through vapor deposition of a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) material, which prevents light absorption and maintains device stability. This barrier layer configuration enables improved efficiency compared to conventional perovskite solar cells, particularly in inverted and tandem configurations.

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Method for manufacturing perovskite solar cells and tandem solar cells through uniform thin-film electrode deposition. The method employs a single plasma power supply to generate multiple plasma areas, enabling the formation of uniform thin-film electrodes in large-area solar cells. The electrodes are patterned using sputtering or CVD/ALD processes, ensuring consistent film characteristics across the solar cell surface. This approach replaces conventional solution-based electrode deposition methods, which can lead to non-uniform film properties.

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A method for producing high-quality perovskite layers through controlled crystallization processes. The method involves depositing a precursor layer comprising a perovskite organic salt on a perovskite inorganic salt precursor layer, followed by controlled thermal treatment to induce crystallization. This controlled crystallization process enables the formation of perovskite layers with improved crystal quality, which is critical for achieving efficient photovoltaic performance.

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A perovskite solar cell preparation method that enhances photoelectric conversion efficiency by creating a dense perovskite layer through controlled post-processing. The method involves a novel post-treatment solution comprising an isocyanate compound and chlorobenzene, which is applied to the perovskite crystal layer. The solution penetrates the crystal structure through mesopores, forming a dense perovskite layer that replaces the original grain boundaries. This dense layer structure significantly improves carrier transport characteristics, particularly in optoelectronic devices that require carrier longitudinal transport.

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Perovskite solar cells with enhanced electron transport efficiency through a novel manufacturing process. The process involves depositing a dense titanium dioxide layer on a transparent conductive electrode, followed by a titanium dioxide layer with a higher surface roughness. The dense layer serves as an electron transport layer, while the rough layer enhances electron transport by increasing contact area between the dense layer and perovskite material. This configuration enables improved electron transport characteristics, including faster carrier lifetimes and enhanced electron-hole recombination suppression, compared to conventional perovskite solar cells.

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A method for preparing high-efficiency organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells through a novel processing sequence that combines the benefits of perovskite synthesis and organic layer deposition. The method involves first forming a titanium dioxide layer on a substrate through a spin-coating process, followed by the deposition of a perovskite precursor solution on the titanium dioxide layer. The perovskite precursor is then annealed to form a functional layer, which is then followed by the deposition of a hole-transporting material (HTM) layer. This integrated approach enables the creation of high-performance perovskite solar cells with improved efficiency compared to conventional methods.

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Perovskite solar cells with enhanced stability and efficiency through a novel preparation method. The method involves creating a ferroelectric two-dimensional perovskite layer on a three-dimensional perovskite substrate, followed by a spin-coating process of a BCP electronic modification layer. This process enables the formation of a stable and efficient electron transport layer through controlled spin-coating conditions and annealing treatments. The BCP layer enhances the perovskite's electrical properties while maintaining its structural integrity. The combined perovskite-BCP layer system provides superior stability and efficiency compared to conventional perovskite solar cells.

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A perovskite solar cell with enhanced light absorption efficiency through optimized microcolumn array architecture. The cell comprises a matrix substrate with multiple microcolumn arrays of perovskite material, where each array is prepared with specific layer configurations optimized for electron transport, perovskite formation, and hole transport. The microcolumn arrays are arranged in a matrix structure to enhance light absorption, while the layer thicknesses are carefully controlled to optimize charge carrier separation and transport. This architecture enables improved light absorption efficiency compared to conventional perovskite solar cells.

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Highly stable perovskite solar cells with enhanced water vapor barrier properties, comprising a substrate, electron transport layer, perovskite absorption layer, hole transport layer, buffer layer, water vapor barrier layer, and gold electrode. The substrate is prepared through a controlled cutting and cleaning process to ensure uniform thickness and surface quality. The perovskite layer is deposited on the substrate, followed by the hole transport layer, electron transport layer, and buffer layer. A water vapor barrier layer is applied on top to prevent moisture ingress. The gold electrode completes the solar cell structure.

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A perovskite solar cell with enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency through the use of an ionic liquid-modified perovskite layer. The cell employs a two-step spin-coating process where lead iodide precursor is combined with methylamine acetic acid (MAc) in the precursor solution. The MAc solution is then treated with ozone for 20 minutes, followed by spin-coating of the lead iodide precursor. This treatment process selectively modifies the perovskite layer, particularly addressing defects and non-radiative recombination pathways, while maintaining the perovskite's crystalline structure. The modified perovskite layer exhibits improved stability and photoelectric conversion efficiency compared to conventional perovskite films.

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A perovskite solar cell preparation method that enables efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. The method involves forming a hole transport layer on one side of the perovskite absorber layer, followed by a metal oxide protective layer on the side surface of the hole transport layer. This configuration creates a perovskite absorber layer with a protective oxide layer that prevents interface defects while maintaining the perovskite's light-absorbing properties. The protective oxide layer is formed through a controlled reaction of metal-organic compounds with oxygen, which can be optimized through precise control of reaction conditions. The protective oxide layer is then followed by a conductive substrate, hole transport layer, electron transport layer, and second electrode layer.

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A perovskite solar cell with improved electron transport layer and hole transport layer properties. The cell features a perovskite layer prepared through a novel method that incorporates magnesium ions into the electrode surface, specifically targeting the interface between the perovskite and transport layers. This approach addresses the conventional challenges of SnO2-based electron transport layers by enhancing carrier recombination control and improving open circuit voltage. The cell structure includes a conductive substrate, a perovskite layer prepared through the novel method, and a hole transport layer. The perovskite layer is prepared through a solution method that incorporates magnesium ions, followed by spin-coating and annealing. The cell's performance is evaluated through photovoltaic measurements.

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A perovskite solar cell preparation method that enhances stability by introducing a novel two-step process for the perovskite layer. The method involves first preparing a lead iodide perovskite layer on a conductive substrate through a spin-coating process, followed by a second step where the perovskite layer is treated with an organic halide solution. This approach combines the benefits of conventional perovskite deposition with the improved stability of organic halide-based treatments, enabling the creation of high-performance perovskite solar cells with enhanced durability.

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A perovskite solar cell with improved stability through a novel surface modification process. The modification involves depositing a perovskite layer on a tin-lead mixed perovskite solar cell substrate, followed by a spin-coating of a modified solution containing 2-mercaptobenzimidazole. The modified solution enhances the stability of the perovskite layer by introducing mercapto groups that prevent Sn2+ oxidation, thereby protecting the perovskite material from degradation.

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Method for manufacturing perovskite solar cells that improves hole mobility and extraction efficiency while minimizing damage to base layers or electrode layers. The method involves sequential processing of the solar cell structure: first, a metal oxide layer is oxidized to enhance hole mobility. The oxidized metal oxide layer is then stacked on the hole transport layer. Subsequent layers, including a perovskite layer and an electron transport layer, are sequentially deposited on the oxidized metal oxide layer. This sequential approach ensures efficient hole extraction while preserving the base layer and electrode structure.

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A novel method for preparing perovskite solar cells through a single-step process that enhances stability and efficiency. The method involves depositing a perovskite layer on a substrate surface, followed by a hole transport layer and then a perovskite layer. The deposition process employs a combination of spin coating and electron beam deposition, with optimized parameters to achieve high-quality perovskite layers while maintaining structural integrity. This approach eliminates the need for multiple layers and subsequent processing steps, while maintaining the perovskite's photovoltaic properties.

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A method for improving perovskite solar cell efficiency through controlled interface preparation. The method involves depositing a perovskite intermediate layer on the surface of the perovskite layer, followed by a controlled deposition of lead iodide (PbI) and cesium halide (CsX) on the perovskite layer surface. The deposition is performed using vacuum co-evaporation techniques to maintain precise control over the layer thickness and composition. This approach enables the formation of a high-quality perovskite layer with uniform composition and structure, while minimizing interface defects that typically compromise solar cell performance.

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Fully transparent perovskite solar cell that can be used in applications where transparency is required, like windows. The cell is manufactured using a process that involves dissolving precursor materials in water instead of polar solvents. This allows forming the perovskite layer by spin-coating a CsCl aqueous solution onto a lead chloride film. The resulting cell has high transparency due to the water-based process and all-transparent components like an FTO substrate, electron transport layer, and electrodes.

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A perovskite solar cell with improved hole transport layer (HTL) properties that enables higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) per unit area compared to conventional perovskite solar cells. The HTL composition comprises a specific combination of hole transport materials, including a novel lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide (LFSM) and 4-tert-butylpyridine. The HTL is formed through a controlled reaction at elevated temperatures (65-80°C) for 7-10 hours, which prevents the formation of oxygen vacancies and lattice deformation in the perovskite material. The HTL is then deposited onto the perovskite layer, enabling efficient electron transport and carrier collection.

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A method for manufacturing perovskite solar cells that enhances hole transport efficiency through improved interface adhesion between the perovskite layer and metal oxide hole transport layer. The method involves coating a dispersion of surface-modified metal oxides onto the perovskite layer, followed by drying and laminating a second electrode layer. The surface-modified metal oxide dispersion contains a binding component and an alkyl chain that enhance adhesion to the perovskite layer, while maintaining the dispersion's dispersion stability in non-polar solvents. This approach enables the formation of a stable metal oxide hole transport layer on the perovskite layer, thereby improving hole mobility and reducing recombination at the interface.

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A method for preparing perovskite solar cells with enhanced stability and durability through the use of a novel hole transport layer. The method involves depositing a non-doped organic hole transport layer on the perovskite light-absorbing layer, followed by the deposition of a specific organic hole transport material (OTM) on the hole transport layer. This OTM layer provides improved hole mobility and stability while maintaining the perovskite's intrinsic properties. The OTM layer is specifically designed to prevent degradation from water absorption and oxidation reactions, ensuring long-term device performance.

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A method for enhancing the stability and performance of perovskite solar cells through hydrophobic additive doping. The method involves creating a perovskite light absorption layer on an electron transport layer by incorporating hydrophobic additives into the precursor solution. The hydrophobic additives selectively form on the transport layer surface, forming a hydrophobic perovskite layer that enhances light absorption while protecting against moisture and oxygen exposure. This hydrophobic perovskite layer is then deposited onto the transport layer, enabling improved stability and performance of the solar cell.

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A method for preparing a fully inorganic translucent perovskite solar cell through the use of hollow cathode ion plating technology. The method enables the production of all-inorganic translucent perovskite solar cells with excellent stability by employing hollow cathode ion plating to create the top electrode. This approach replaces conventional organic materials with inorganic components, enabling the creation of transparent perovskite solar cells that can withstand environmental conditions.

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Perovskite solar cell with improved stability through a novel interfacial assembly process. The cell features a conductive substrate, an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, a dynamically cross-linked polyurethane layer, a hole transport layer, and a metal electrode layer. The perovskite layer is positioned on the electron transport layer, with the dynamically cross-linked polyurethane layer interposed between the perovskite and hole transport layers. This assembly structure enables enhanced moisture resistance and reduced degradation of the perovskite layer, while maintaining the perovskite's photovoltaic performance.

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Translucent perovskite solar cells with enhanced long-term stability through a novel doping approach. The method employs a cesium-doped perovskite layer with methyl pyrrolidone as a dopant, which provides superior stability compared to conventional perovskites. The process involves a two-step doping sequence: first, a lead bromide and cesium bromide solution is mixed with formamidine bromide to form the perovskite layer, followed by a second solution containing methyl pyrrolidone. The perovskite layer is then coated with a cesium-doped hole transport layer and a second electrode. The doping sequence is performed under controlled conditions of temperature, relative humidity, and pressure to optimize the dopant distribution and stability.

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Perovskite solar cells with enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency through controlled perovskite morphology. The cells feature a transparent anode, a perovskite active layer, an electron transport layer, and a hole blocking layer. The active layer is formed by crystallizing perovskite precursor solutions containing cyano-based small molecules that form coordination bonds with metal ions. This cyano-functionalization process enables precise control over perovskite crystallization, grain size, and morphology, leading to improved carrier transport properties and enhanced solar conversion efficiency.

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Perovskite solar cell with enhanced hole transport layer protection through a novel barrier layer design. The cell features a barrier layer comprising a separation layer, a separation protection layer, and a transparent electrode barrier layer, which are sequentially deposited on a carrier substrate. This barrier layer architecture prevents thermal damage to the hole transport layer during electrode bonding, while maintaining the perovskite structure and electrical properties. The barrier layer is thermocompressed to 150°C or less during the electrode bonding process.

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High-efficiency perovskite solar cells with enhanced light absorption through solution-processed perovskite thin films. The solution-processed perovskite films are achieved through a novel conjugated polymer electrolyte interfacial layer that enables passivation of perovskite defects. This approach enables large-area uniform perovskite thin films while maintaining high efficiency compared to conventional charge transport layers. The process involves depositing a hydrophobic charge transport layer, followed by a conjugated polymer electrolyte interfacial layer, and finally a perovskite light-absorbing layer. The perovskite layer is then followed by an electron transport layer.

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A perovskite solar cell manufacturing method that enables complete coverage of the substrate with defect-free perovskite layers. The method involves forming perovskite seed crystals on the substrate, immersing them in a saturated DMF solution of FAPbl3 perovskite precursor, and inducing crystal growth through controlled annealing. This approach ensures uniform perovskite coverage and eliminates defects such as cracks, grain boundaries, and holes, resulting in higher-quality perovskite layers. The method enables faster growth rates and shorter production times compared to conventional wet chemical methods, while maintaining superior solar cell performance.

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Method to enhance the stability of perovskite solar cell light-absorbing layers through grain boundary passivation. The method involves modifying perovskite grain structure by introducing a passivation layer at grain boundaries, which effectively reduces water and oxygen adsorption at these interfaces. This grain boundary passivation prevents perovskite decomposition and degradation, thereby improving the overall stability of perovskite solar cells.

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A method for preparing highly efficient and stable mixed-dimensional perovskite solar cells through the use of isonicotinamide as a two-dimensional cation. The method involves cutting and cleaning transparent conductive glass substrates, followed by surface treatment with acetone and alcohol to enhance bonding and wettability. The isonicotinamide is then doped onto the cleaned glass surface, where it synergistically enhances charge transport and surface passivation properties of the perovskite light-absorbing layer, leading to improved stability and photoelectric conversion efficiency.

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Method for improving perovskite solar cell efficiency through surface treatment of titanium dioxide (TiO2) with an aqueous solution. The treatment process involves applying a titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) solution to the TiO2 surface, followed by post-treatment with an aqueous solution. The TiCl4 treatment creates a surface modification layer that enhances electron transport properties, while the aqueous solution treatment improves light absorption and charge carrier mobility. The treatment process enables the formation of a TiO2 surface with reduced surface roughness, which is critical for perovskite solar cell performance.

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A perovskite solar cell with improved hole transport layer properties. The cell employs a Λ-type organic hole transport material, specifically TB1, TB2, or TB3, in the hole transport layer. This Λ-type material enables enhanced hole mobility and reduced carrier recombination rates at the interface between the perovskite light-absorbing layer and the hole transport layer, thereby enhancing the overall efficiency of the solar cell.

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Perovskite solar cells with enhanced charge extraction efficiency and quantum efficiency through improved charge transfer between the interface of a photoactive layer and a hole transport layer with low HOMO levels. The solution addresses the conventional limitations of perovskite solar cells by introducing a porphyrin-based derivative with optimized charge transfer properties at the interface between the photoactive layer and hole transport layer. This enables improved charge extraction and quantum efficiency in perovskite solar cells, enabling higher power conversion efficiencies and better performance compared to conventional perovskite solar cells.

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High-quality electron transport layer (ETL) for perovskite solar cells that simultaneously addresses stability and performance issues. The ETL is prepared through a novel approach that integrates defect engineering and surface modification techniques. The method involves creating a defect-free TiO2 precursor through a controlled thermal treatment process, followed by surface modification with a specific organic precursor that selectively targets and stabilizes surface defects. This dual-modification approach enables both defect reduction and surface modification, resulting in improved stability and performance of perovskite solar cells.

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A perovskite solar cell with enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency through a novel preparation method. The method involves using a single-step deposition process for the perovskite material, where the substrate undergoes a rapid transition from transparent to dark brown during annealing. This rapid change is correlated with the formation of a specific surface morphology that enhances the absorption of incident light. The preparation method preserves the material's intrinsic properties while achieving the desired optical performance.

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Perovskite solar cells with improved photoelectric conversion efficiency and long-term stability achieved through surface modification of the electron transport layer. The modification involves applying a thiol-based compound to the surface of the perovskite photoactive layer, followed by a subsequent treatment of the modified layer with a perovskite precursor. This surface modification process enables the formation of a perovskite photoactive layer with enhanced electrical conductivity and stability, while minimizing surface defects and reverse decomposition reactions between the electron transport layer and perovskite photoactive layer.

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Large-area perovskite solar cell with improved scalability and cost-effectiveness. The cell comprises a substrate, an electron transport layer formed on the surface of the substrate, an electron transport layer formed on the surface of the substrate, a perovskite photosensitive layer on the surface of the electron transport layer away from the substrate, a hole transport layer formed on the surface of the perovskite photosensitive layer away from the electron transport layer, and a carbon counter electrode on the surface away from the perovskite photosensitive layer.

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Perovskite solar cell with enhanced stability and manufacturing efficiency through a novel electrode architecture. The cell features a transparent conductive electrode on the glass substrate, followed by a hole transport layer, perovskite thin film layer, electron transport layer, and finally an inert semi-metal electrode layer. This configuration creates a stable interface between the perovskite layer and the electrode, while the transparent conductive electrode enables efficient hole transport. The perovskite layer is deposited at low temperatures using a vacuum deposition process, ensuring minimal degradation during the manufacturing process.

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A method for manufacturing perovskite solar cells that enables cost-effective production while maintaining device stability. The process involves creating a transparent conductive layer on a glass substrate, followed by a perovskite film on this layer, and then a hole transport layer. A vacuum-evaporated inert metal layer is then deposited on the hole transport layer, completing the solar cell structure. This approach eliminates the need for expensive metal electrodes while maintaining the perovskite's high efficiency and stability.

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A method for fabricating perovskite solar cells that enables large-area uniform perovskite layer formation through a novel spin coating process. The method involves impregnating a substrate with an electron transport layer in a nonpolar solvent containing low-reactivity DMSO, followed by heat treatment. This process enables the formation of uniform perovskite mesophases on substrates of any size, including large-area solar cells, by preventing solvent-induced non-uniformity. The process can be integrated with conventional spin coating techniques to achieve high-efficiency perovskite solar cells.

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Perovskite solar cell with improved device stability and preparation method. The cell features a tin oxide-based electron transport layer that can be prepared through a spin-coating process at room temperature, eliminating the need for high-temperature annealing. The cell also includes a perovskite light-absorbing layer and hole transport layer, with the electron transport layer comprising tin oxide nanoparticles, and a metal electrode. The preparation method involves dissolving tin salt in an ethanol solution, forming tin oxide nanoparticles through ultrasonic treatment, and dispersing them in a transparent conductive substrate.

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Perovskite solar cell with enhanced stability and long-term performance. The cell achieves superior initial photoelectric conversion efficiency and maintains high efficiency over extended exposure periods through selective oxidation of lead-based Sn compounds during the deposition process. The oxidation step is performed through a controlled heat treatment followed by surface treatment of the electron transport layer. This selective oxidation and surface treatment enable the formation of a stable Sn-based perovskite layer on the electron transport layer surface, while preventing photocatalytic degradation of the perovskite material.

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Transparent electrode for perovskite solar cells that eliminates the need for organic hole transport layers and indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates. The electrode is formed through a rapid thermal annealing process that creates a gold-nickel oxide layer embedded within nickel oxide. This layer serves as both the hole transport layer and transparent electrode, enabling the perovskite solar cell to achieve high power conversion efficiency without organic materials.

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Perovskite solar cells with enhanced moisture and light stability, enabling commercial-scale applications. The novel perovskite material achieves superior performance through a novel structural modification: partial replacement of the formamidinium cation with an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal. This substitution leads to improved interaction between the organic cation and surrounding iodide ions, enhancing charge carrier dynamics and stability. The material exhibits enhanced light stability and water resistance, enabling long-term durability in solar cells.

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A method for producing high-efficiency perovskite solar cells through a two-step deposition process. The method involves first depositing a mesoporous TiO2 layer on a substrate, followed by a spin-coated PbI2 layer containing the perovskite material. The PbI2 layer is then further processed to form a hole transport layer. This approach enables the production of perovskite solar cells with high efficiency (up to 16.4%) and minimal standard deviation, while maintaining reproducibility and stability.

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