Solar array monitoring systems currently process vast amounts of data—typically 144,000 measurements per day for a utility-scale 100MW installation—to detect performance anomalies and equipment failures. Traditional threshold-based monitoring struggles to distinguish between natural variations in solar output and actual faults, leading to both missed defects and false alarms that require costly manual investigation.

The fundamental challenge lies in developing fault detection algorithms that can maintain high accuracy across varying environmental conditions while processing streaming sensor data in real-time.

This page brings together solutions from recent research—including deep learning-based position monitoring, neural network weather analysis systems, and machine learning approaches for dynamic performance modeling. These and other approaches focus on practical implementation strategies that improve fault detection accuracy while reducing maintenance costs through automated diagnostics.

1. Solar Tracking System Utilizing Deep Learning-Based Position and Orientation Adjustment Mechanism

SHENZHEN INSTITUTES OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 2024

Solar energy tracking method that improves accuracy through deep learning. The method employs machine learning algorithms to enhance the traditional solar tracking system's ability to maintain optimal orientation and position. The system uses data acquisition equipment to continuously monitor the solar panel's position and orientation, while the control device processes this data to automatically adjust the tracking parameters. This approach enables more precise control of the solar panels, particularly under challenging environmental conditions like weather variations and shading.

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2. Photovoltaic Tracking System with Neural Network-Based Real-Time Weather Analysis and Adaptive Alignment Adjustment

NATIONAL TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS OF SANDIA LLC, 2023

Predictive tracking system for photovoltaic power systems that optimizes panel alignment based on real-time weather conditions. The system employs a neural network to analyze sky images and solar position data to predict the optimal tracking angle for maximum energy production. The system continuously monitors cloud cover and adjusts the tracking position to avoid excessive movement during periods of high cloud cover, while maintaining optimal performance during periods of clear sky. This approach enables maximum energy production through predictive tracking, rather than relying solely on traditional solar position calculations.

3. Solar Tracking System with Machine Learning-Driven Dynamic Panel Orientation Adjustment

NEXTRACKER LLC, 2023

A solar tracking system that optimizes energy capture through a machine learning-based performance model that dynamically adjusts panel orientation in response to changing weather conditions. The system incorporates a global performance model that incorporates weather forecasts, topography data, and historical performance metrics, and continuously updates its parameters through machine learning algorithms. The model optimizes panel orientation for both optimal tracking performance and reduced shading, with the ability to switch between tracking and backtracking modes. This approach enables the system to adapt to varying solar radiation patterns and topographical conditions, maximizing energy output while minimizing energy losses.

4. Solar Tracking System with Neural Network-Controlled Photovoltaic Panel Rotation

PARK CHAN JONG, Park Chan-jong, 2022

Solar power generation system that optimizes solar tracking using artificial neural networks. The system comprises a plurality of photovoltaic panels arranged in a plurality of columns and rows; Group tracking control units that are physically connected to the solar panels to provide power for the rotational motion of each of the solar panels; and a central control server for controlling the rotational movement by transmitting a control command to each of the group tracking controllers.

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5. Solar Tracking System with Quadrangular Pyramid Optical Configuration and Photodiode Alignment Detection

PARK WANG HUI, 2022

Smart solar tracking system for photovoltaic power generation that enables rapid and precise alignment of solar cells. The system employs a novel tracking mechanism that uses a specially designed solar tracking device with a unique optical configuration. When sunlight hits the device, it focuses onto a precisely positioned photodiode along its edge, allowing for instantaneous detection of solar cell alignment. The system achieves this through a patented quadrangular pyramid design with four sensing panels that converge at the focal point, enabling precise tracking of solar cell alignment. The device automatically adjusts its position based on the detected alignment, eliminating the need for manual tracking. This approach enables rapid response to changing solar conditions, improving overall system efficiency and reliability.

6. Asymmetrical Mounting Solar Tracking System with Dynamic Orientation Adjustment

ABDULKERIM KARABIBER, 2022

A solar tracking system that enables efficient energy generation by dynamically adjusting the orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement throughout the day. The system employs an asymmetrical mounting design that allows the panels to be positioned at different angles relative to the vertical axis, eliminating the need for traditional fixed mounting structures. This enables the panels to capture more solar radiation by tracking the sun's position, resulting in higher energy production compared to traditional fixed mounting systems. The system can be configured for either photovoltaic (PV) panels or heat collection applications, and its adjustable mounting design enables precise control over the solar panel's orientation.

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7. Modular Smart Solar System with Three-Dimensional Panel Tracking and Variable Blade Configuration Mechanism

YAZICI FURKAN, 2022

A smart solar system that enables efficient electricity generation by tracking three-dimensional solar panels through its mobile mechanism. The system features a modular design with 8-12 blade configurations, a 2-part vertical swing mechanism, and a polyamide castermid for blade movement. The mechanism enables continuous blade opening and closing while maintaining optimal light transmission and panel efficiency. The system includes automated blade cleaning and protection features, as well as remote monitoring capabilities through Ethernet/Internet connectivity.

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8. Solar Tracking System with Mass-Based Positioning Mechanism for Periodic Panel Rotation

Robert Bradley Perham, 2022

Solar tracking system for photovoltaic panels that maintains optimal energy collection angles without external power sources. The system employs a novel tracking mechanism that periodically rotates solar panels to maintain their normal orientation relative to the sun's rays. The rotation is achieved through a mass-based positioning system that precisely controls the tilt angle between the tracking arm and the solar panel's normal plane. This approach ensures that the solar panels capture 99% of available solar energy regardless of the sun's position, even in locations with irregularly varying daylight patterns. The system is designed to operate independently of the internet and is particularly suitable for critical infrastructure and renewable energy applications.

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9. Solar Tracking System Utilizing Fuzzy Logic for Optimal Path and Tilt Calculation

Bursa Technical University Rectorate, 2022

A solar tracking system that achieves maximum energy production through intelligent sun tracking without traditional radiation sensors. The system employs a fuzzy logic control method that calculates the optimal solar path using latitude, longitude, and time parameters, while simultaneously determining the optimal tilt angle. This approach enables precise tracking of the sun's position and orientation, allowing the system to maintain optimal alignment regardless of weather conditions.

10. Solar Tracking System with Novel Configuration and Real-Time Performance Monitoring

BAOTOU AIPAC AUTOMATION TECHNOLOGY CO LTD, 包头市艾派克自动化科技有限公司, 2021

A solar tracking and monitoring system that maximizes energy collection while minimizing system costs. The system employs a novel tracking configuration that enables optimal alignment of solar panels with the sun's movement, thereby increasing energy capture. The system's monitoring capabilities provide real-time data on panel performance, enabling proactive maintenance and optimization. The configuration achieves higher energy collection efficiency through advanced tracking algorithms and optimized panel positioning, while eliminating unnecessary tracking components that were previously required to achieve similar performance.

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11. Solar Panel Positioning System with Machine Learning-Based Sun Trajectory Prediction and Microcontroller Integration

PANDEY ANAND KUMAR, 2021

A solar power generation system that optimizes panel positioning through machine learning-based tracking. The system employs AI algorithms to predict the sun's trajectory and position, and integrates with a microcontroller to control the solar panels' orientation. The system achieves accurate alignment through real-time sun position prediction, leveraging GPS data and sensor measurements. This enables continuous optimization of panel positioning despite the dynamic sun movement, resulting in improved energy output.

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12. Dual-Axis Solar Tracking System with AI-Driven Position Adjustment Mechanism

CHOUDHARY POOJA MS, 2021

A smart solar tracking system that optimizes solar panel performance through AI-driven automation. The system employs a dual-axis tracking mechanism that continuously adjusts the solar panel's position to maximize energy production. The system's AI algorithm continuously monitors solar radiation levels and adjusts the panel's orientation to optimize energy generation. This intelligent approach enables the system to adapt to changing solar conditions, ensuring maximum energy output even during periods of low sunlight.

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13. Photovoltaic Module System with Dual-Axis Gyroscope and Accelerometer for Motorized Tracking

WUXI DAOCHI PHOTOELECTRIC TECH CO LTD, 2020

Solar power generation system for photovoltaic modules that enables continuous tracking while maintaining optimal energy production. The system employs a dual-axis gyroscope and accelerometer to maintain precise orientation and position, while a motorized tracking mechanism moves the module to follow a predetermined path. The control system uses local or cloud-based data to calculate optimal tracking parameters, ensuring consistent energy production while minimizing energy losses.

14. Solar Tracking System with Sensor-Feedback-Based Adaptive Correction and Photodetector Array

UNIV MEXICO NAC AUTONOMA, 2019

Solar tracking system with adaptive correction using sensor feedback. The system employs a tracking control system with electronic and optical sensors to monitor the sun's position and detect tracking errors. When errors exceed predetermined tolerance limits, the system automatically adjusts the tracking mechanism to maintain optimal alignment. The system also includes a photodetector array to detect temperature-related issues and prevent overheating. The system's control system continuously updates the tracking position based on real-time sensor feedback, enabling precise solar tracking even in challenging environmental conditions.

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15. Method of Dynamic Dual-Axis Solar Panel Tracking with Incremental Azimuth Adjustment

AXIA CO., LTD., Axia Company Limited, 2019

A method for optimizing photovoltaic power generation by dynamically adjusting the tracking angle of solar panels based on the solar altitude. The system employs a dual-axis rotation mechanism with a primary rotation axis aligned with the sun's azimuth and a secondary rotation axis perpendicular to it. The primary rotation axis is adjusted in increments of 10 degrees to maintain optimal tracking while the secondary axis follows the solar altitude. This dual-axis approach ensures maximum power generation efficiency throughout the solar cycle.

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16. Solar Tracking System with Dynamic Direction Adjustment and Position History Storage

KOREA ELECTRIC POWER CORP, 2019

Solar tracking system that optimizes power generation by dynamically adjusting the tracking direction based on solar position. The system maintains a predetermined tracking tolerance range around the initial position of the sun, but adjusts its tracking direction when the sun's position enters a boundary region of this range. This approach ensures accurate tracking while minimizing power consumption by preventing excessive movement. The system incorporates a position storage unit for tracking solar position history, enabling advanced tracking algorithms that adapt to changing solar conditions.

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17. Solar Tracking System with Rotating Frame and Spring-Loaded Mounting for Photovoltaic Panels

Jeongyangjeon, JUNG YANG JUN, 2019

A solar tracking system for photovoltaic panels that enables dynamic positioning of the panel array while maintaining structural integrity. The system comprises a rotating frame with a fixed base and a stationary base, connected by a central pivot. The rotating frame is driven by a motor that rotates around a fixed axis, while the stationary base maintains the panel array's position. The system incorporates a tracking mechanism that automatically adjusts the panel array's orientation in response to changes in solar position. The system features a spring-loaded mounting system that prevents panel rotation during rotation, ensuring structural stability.

18. Sun Tracking System Utilizing Power Output Analysis for Sensor-Free Panel Adjustment

KIM TAE KYUN, 2019

A sun tracking system for solar panels that eliminates the need for optical sensors. The system measures the current and voltage output from four independent solar panels, calculates their combined power output, and compares it to a threshold value. When the threshold is exceeded, the system compares the power outputs of the two highest currents and adjusts the panel positions to optimize energy production. This approach enables accurate tracking without the need for optical sensors or complex position estimation algorithms. The system can be integrated into existing solar panel installations to enhance energy production while reducing installation costs.

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19. Solar Panel Tracking System with IoT-Integrated Wireless Communication and Sensor-Based Positioning

JUNYU CHEN, 2019

Solar panel tracking system for IoT applications that eliminates traditional fixed-position tracking while maintaining high efficiency. The system integrates solar panel tracking with IoT connectivity, enabling real-time monitoring and precise control of the photovoltaic array. The tracking system employs a combination of wireless communication and sensor technology to accurately determine the solar panel's position and orientation in real-time, eliminating the need for expensive and complex tracking systems. The system integrates a control motherboard, wireless communication module, and sensor components to enable automated system control and monitoring.

20. Solar Panel Tracking System with Dual-Axis Rotary Support and Integrated Environmental Sensors

LENIUM ENERGY INVESTMENTS SARL, 2018

A tracking system for solar panels that optimizes energy production through continuous monitoring and precise positioning. The system employs a rotary support with one or two axes controlled by two motors, integrated with temperature sensors and GPS capabilities. The system's control logic implements a sophisticated algorithm that dynamically adjusts the panel's orientation and positioning to maintain optimal energy production throughout the day, while monitoring environmental conditions and detecting potential faults.

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21. Solar Tracking System with Astronomical Algorithm and Mode-Switching Capability

22. Solar Tracking System with Closed-Loop Multi-Mode Architecture Incorporating Continuous, Slow, and Rapid Tracking Modes

23. Photovoltaic Tracking System with Dynamic Orientation and Angle Adjustment Mechanism

24. Solar Panel System with Integrated Optical Sensors for Real-Time Angle Tracking and Energy Recovery

25. Solar Panel Tracking Control System with Closed-Loop Feedback and Integrated Temperature and Current Sensors

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